某稀土分离项目放射性环境影响评价

在工艺流程分析、放射性源项分析,以及环境现状调查的基础上,对某稀土分离项目的放射性环境影响进行了分析、预测和评价。环境放射性水平现状调查与监测表明,评价因子总体在区域环境本底范围内。放射性环境影响预测确定工作人员和公众所受的最大年附加辐射剂量分别为1.622mSv/a和0.029mSv/a,均低于辐射剂量约束值。在落实辐射防护和环境保护措施以后,该项目放射性环境影响符合国家有关法规和标准限值要求。     

贵州省钼、镍、钒多金属矿放射性环境影响评价方法初探

本文针对贵州省黔中、黔东地区在开采钼、镍、钒多金属矿过程中,共伴生放射性所产生的放射性环境影响,提出钼、镍、钒多金属矿放射性环境影响评价的基本步骤和程序,包括放射性源项分析与确定、评价因子选取、评价范围与管理限值的确定、放射性现状调查、放射性环境影响预测与评价,并对各个步骤进行分析和探讨。     

铀矿山探采冶设施退役治理工程放射性环境影响评价

文章在环境现状调查的基础上,提出了铀矿山探采冶设施退役治理工程放射性环境影响预测与评价的基本方法,并对各步骤的工作方法进行了分析和探讨.     

大连市区地表天然放射性水平调查

利用ARD型γ能谱仪对辽宁省大连市区地表天然放射性核素238U、232Th、40K含量进行了现场测量.调查结果显示,大连市区238U、232Th、40K比活度平均值分别为23.09 Bq/kg（范围值1.24~151.91 Bq/kg）、18.99 Bq/kg（范围值0.41~92.57 Bq/kg）、386.39 Bq/kg（范围值31.30~1095.50 Bq/kg）,均显著低于全国和世界的平均值.在测得的238U、232Th、40K含量基础上,计算了距地面1 m高处空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率、外照射指数、内照射指数和年有效剂量等参数,并据此对大连市区天然放射性水平进行了评价.空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率（Dr）平均值为39.04 nGy/h,远低于全国（81.5 nGy/h）和世界（80 nGy/h）平均水平.外照射指数、内照射指数平均值分别为0.23、0.12,均远小于国家对建筑材料外照射指数的限值1.年有效剂量为0.048 mSv,远低于世界年平均有效剂量（0.46 mSv）以及公众外照射年有效剂量（1.0 mSv）的限值.评价结果表明,大连市区地表天然放射性辐射处于安全的水平.     

广东省某高速公路工程放射性环境影响评价

文章以现场调查和环境监测结果为依据,对广东省某高速公路工程的放射性环境影响进行了分析、预测与评价。     

资源地区空气氡浓度调查与剂量估算

对广西资源地区大气中氡的调查结果显示，该区室内、外大气中平均氡浓度分别为101.0Bq/m^3和104.6Bq/m^3，是世界平均值的10倍和2.5倍；计算了氡子体所致的年有效剂量，由氡子体照射对成人和儿童所致年均有效剂量分别为6.2mSv/a和9.2mSv/a，是世界平均值的5倍。     

江西金山金矿田矿山辐射调查

对金山金矿田的金山金矿、花桥金矿区露天水源天然铀、氡,居民区和井下作业人员γ外照射有效剂量等进行调查的结果表明：金山、西蒋矿区露天水源天然铀、氡浓度均小于限值0.05 m g/L和37.00 Bq/L,空气氡浓度为0.008~0.013 Bq/L.居民和井下作业人员γ外照射年有效剂量均小于1 m s和5 m s.矿区放射性均在国家规定的环境评价指标限制之内,对矿山的人身和环境无影响.     

引绰济辽工程文得根引水隧洞放射性调查评价

对长约70 km引水工程洞线上进行的地面伽马能谱测量、陆地伽马剂量率测量、土壤氡浓度测量、岩石表面氡析出率测量以及钻孔岩芯样品的放射性元素U、Ra、Th、K含量分析的综合放射性地质调查,并对获得的测量数据进行分析研究。结果表明,测区引水沿线地质体放射性核素当量含量平均值为：U 1.56×10-6,Th 14.12×10-6,K 2.16×10-2;钻孔岩芯放射性元素分析含量平均值为：U 32.34 Bq/kg,Ra 35.68 Bq/kg,Th 35.29 Bq/kg,K 865.65 Bq/kg。陆地伽马剂量率为90.42 nGy/h;土壤氡浓度平均值为4 272.1 Bq/m3;岩石表面析出率平均值为4.01×10-2 Bq/m2·s。根据测量结果,利用内照射和外照射辐射剂量计算了对施工人员造成的辐照剂量为0.759 mSv,低于国家对公众的剂量限值1 mSv/a,表明引水工程输水隧洞的施工在安全辐射范围内。     

皖南石台大山富硒区人居放射性环境评价

安徽石台大山地区分布着较为广泛的下寒武统荷塘组石煤层,而石煤出露地区即是富硒区也是放射性水平含量较高区.根据本次调查在下寒武统荷塘组含煤岩系分布区的地方,其天然γ射线水平较高,不适宜人类在此居住.而调查区内的居民村庄大多远离含煤岩系分布区的地方,对当地的居民接收天然γ辐射照射人均年有效剂量估算,该地区居民居住的村庄和学校的人年均天然贯穿辐射有效剂量当量为0.32~0.43 mSv.因此,可以确定认为该地区居民居住γ射线辐射水平对人居环境影响不大,天然γ射线辐射环境对当地居民健康是安全的.     

铜矿开采辐射环境影响评价

矿产开发过程中的辐射环境影响日益被管理部门和广大公众所重视。针对我国南方某铜矿开采项目,在详细工程分析和现状调查的基础上,对铜矿开采可能带来的辐射环境影响进行了细致分析,预测和评价项目建设对辐射环境的可能影响,并针对性地提出环境保护措施。相关结论和措施对于铜矿资源合理开发和保护环境具有指导意义。     

Preliminary results of environmental monitoring of the natural gas hydrate production test in the South China Sea

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is considered as one of the new clean energy sources of the 21st century with the highest potential. The environmental issues of NGH production have attracted the close attention of scientists in various countries. From May 10 to July 9, 2017, the first offshore NGH production test in the South China Sea (SCS) was conducted by the China Geological Survey. In addition, environmental security has also been effectively guaranteed via a comprehensive environmental monitoring system built during the NGH production test. The monitoring system considered sea-surface atmosphere methane and carbon dioxide concentrations, dissolved methane in the sea water column, and the seafloor physical oceanography and marine chemistry environment. The whole process was monitored via multiple means, in multiple layers, in all domains, and in real time. After the production test, an environmental investigation was promptly conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the NGH production test. The monitoring results showed that the dissolved methane concentration in seawater and the near-seabed environment characteristics after the test were consistent with the background values, indicating that the NGH production test did not cause environmental problems such as methane leakage.     

Lithium extraction from hard rock lithium ores (spodumene,lepidolite, zinnwaldite,petalite): Technology,resources, environment and cost

Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores, which has a defect in resources,environment, and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine. This paper focuses on the research progress of extracting lithium from spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, and zinnwaldite by acid,alkali, salt roasting, and chlorination methods, and analyzes the resource intensity, environmental impact,and production cost of industrial lithium extraction from spodumene and lepidolite. It is fou...     

Advanced approach for degradation of recalcitrant by nanophotocatalysis using nanocomposites and their future perspectives

Industrial effluents containing persistent pollutants play a significant role in environmental pollution. Classical techniques such as chlorination, coagulation, ion flotation, membrane process and sedimentation that have been used to decontaminate polluted water are incapable of efficient degradation due to the generation of secondary pollutants. Photocatalysis, an advanced oxidation process in which the photoreaction is accelerated by the irradiation of catalyst, has shown efficient degradation of recalcitrant in water system. Usage of nanoparticles as homogenous photocatalyst has become prevalent due to their improved properties such as large surface-to-volume ratio, controlled uniform particle size and its composition which enhances the degradation rate. The recombination of holes and electron pair which is considered to be the limitation in homogenous system can be overcome by nanocomposites or heterogeneous photocatalysts. This system decreases the rate of recombination, leading to effective degradation of individual pollutants because of their enhanced physicochemical and structural properties. In recent years, heterogeneous nanophotocatalytic processes employing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) composites have gained immense research interest as an effective wastewater treatment method because of its efficacy in decomposing and mineralizing the hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants utilizing the UV and visible photons. This paper reviews about the process, synthesis and parameters influencing photocatalytic reaction and their kinetics with much emphasize on types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites and its application in wastewater treatment.     

废弃放射源贮存池的综合地球物理勘查

采用综合地球物理勘查技术,包括高精度磁测、高密度电法和地质雷达(GPR)对某处遗留于地下的铅封放射源进行了系统探查,对所获得的各类异常数据进行了分析处理,并指出了放射源所在的具体空间位置.开挖验证结果与解释结果完全吻合,显示了地球物理勘查技术在环境调查中具有快速、准确和非破坏性的优势.     

泄漏情景下碳封存项目的环境影响监测技术方法

CO2环境影响监测技术作为碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)体系的重要组成部分,贯穿整个储存过程,决定着CCUS工程的成败,对CCUS工程的有效性、持续性、安全性及碳减排效果的评估发挥着举足轻重的作用.为确保碳封存项目安全可靠运行,需要对环境影响...     

Geochemical principles and methods of assessment of surface water environmental impact on sensitive zones

This paper describes how to carry out environmental impact assessment in an environmentally sensitive zone.The principles,the train of thought and methods are proposed in this paper,We have made the water environmental impact assessment on the engineering project of technical reforms in Guiyang Battery Mill.The hasis for engineering construction and environmental protection in this mill has been laid dawn.