应用OpenSees计算双钢管高强砼柱的水平力—位移滞回曲线

应用OpenSees计算外方内圆复合钢管高强混凝土柱（简称双钢管高强混凝土柱）的水平力—位移滞回曲线。分析了双钢管高强混凝土柱的单元和截面纤维划分。钢管材料采用双线性模型Steel02,混凝土模型采用Concrete02,圆钢管内和钢管之间的混凝土采用Susantha模型,考虑钢管对混凝土的约束作用,计算得到的水平力—位移滞回曲线与试验结果符合较好。在此基础上,应用OpenSees对双钢管高强混凝土柱进行参数影响分析,讨论了轴压比、方钢管壁厚（宽厚比）、径宽比、径厚比对双钢管高强混凝土柱抗震性能的影响。结果表明：增大轴压比,延性降低;增大方钢管壁厚（减小宽厚比）,水平承载力增大;增大圆钢管直径和壁厚,有助于提高双钢管高强混凝土柱的竖向和水平承载力能力,增大耗能能力。     

PVA-ECC加固桥墩抗震性能试验与数值研究

为了全面研究工程水泥基复合材料（ECC）加固桥墩的抗震性能,对采用聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料（PVA-ECC）加固的桥墩进行了拟静力试验。并基于有限元分析软件OpenSees建立了数值模型,通过对比数值模拟结果与试验结果,验证有限元分析的有效性,在此基础上对PVA-ECC加固桥墩进行数值参数分析,探讨轴压比、新旧材料厚径比及体积配箍率变化对桥墩抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:数值模拟的滞回曲线与骨架曲线和试验基本吻合;与普通混凝土桥墩相比,新旧材料厚径比为0.10时,即可获得优异的延性性能,ECC加固的桥墩变形性能显著提升,极限位移提高,滞回曲线更加饱满,抗震性能更加优异。对于高轴压比情况,为了确保ECC加固桥墩的延性性能,应根据实际情况增加新旧材料厚径比;ECC材料可部分替代箍筋作用,适用于箍筋配置不足的桥墩加固,PVA-ECC具有较好的工程抗震加固的作用。     

Q690高强钢T-stub节点力学性能有限元分析

基于Q690高强钢焊接T型节点拉伸试验结果,通过ABAQUS程序对节点进行了有限元分析,获取了节点荷载-位移曲线、初始刚度以及塑性承载力,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:在弹性阶段,计算曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,而屈服阶段计算曲线与试验曲线存在一定差异,但其塑性承载力与试验值吻合良好,表明采用简化方法模拟T型节点拉伸性能的有效性。在此基础上,分析了翼缘板尺寸效应、螺栓直径和强度等级等主要因素对节点螺栓力的影响规律,发现螺栓直径和翼缘板厚对螺栓力影响较大,螺栓力极值约为相应螺栓预拉力的1.62倍左右。提高螺栓强度等级对螺栓力极值影响程度甚微,增幅不足5%。当螺栓边距小于螺栓中心线到腹板边的距离时,螺栓边距变化对螺栓力增幅影响程度较大;当螺栓边距大于螺栓中心线到腹板边的距离时,螺栓力增幅基本保持不变。     

可伸缩大变形波纹接头力学特性数值分析

强震作用下埋地管道往往在接头部位会发生拉断、压碎及弯折等严重破坏。开发了一种采用软钢制作的可伸缩大变形波纹接头,在轴向拉伸、轴向往复及弯曲荷载作用下,采用分层壳单元建立了接头的精细化数值分析模型,研究了接头通径、壁厚、直线段长、波纹半径等对接头承载能力、变形性能和耗能能力的影响规律及其关系曲线,并建立了往复荷载作用下接头的疲劳寿命曲线。结果表明所开发的可伸缩大变形波纹接头具有良好的抗震性。     

土的动剪切模量非线性特性对地震动的影响研究

通过一维等效线性化方法研究土的动剪切模量非线性特性对土层地震反应的影响,主要分析动剪切模量比与剪应变关系曲线以及最大动剪切模量对反应谱特征周期和地表加速度峰值的影响。结果表明,对于小震和中震,土的动剪切模量比和最大动剪切模量对反应谱特征周期略有影响,对地表加速度峰值影响并不明显;但对于大震,对反应谱特征周期和地表加速度峰值影响较大,随着动剪切模量比和最大动剪切模量的增大,反应谱特征周期减小,地表加速度峰值增大,土层越厚其影响越大。二者对比结果表明,强震下土的动剪切模量比与剪应变关系曲线对地震动的影响程度要比最大动剪切模量对地震动的影响大得多,说明强震下土的动剪切模量比与剪应变关系曲线对土层地震反应会产生更显著影响。     

CSAMT法对低阻薄层结构分辨能力的探讨

用一维有限元法实现可控源音频大地电磁(CSAMT)法的数值模拟技术,分别计算了TM 和TE两种模式下,电性层厚固定、中间低阻薄层电阻率发生变化时的频率-电阻率曲线;以及电性参数确定、但中间低阻薄层结构的厚度发生变化的一系列频率-电阻率曲线;当顶层厚度发生变化时,获得一系列的频率,电阻率曲线。分析了各曲线的特征,归纳了CSAMT法对薄层结构的分辨能力,为正确认识薄层结构的CSAMT频率电阻率响应提供很好的帮助。     

含激电效应的航空瞬变电磁数据横向约束反演

受激电效应影响,航空瞬变电磁响应曲线经常出现异常快速衰减和符号反转现象,使用Cole-Cole模型的等效电阻率代替原模型实电阻率能很好的解释该现象,但由于激电多个参数的引入,使得反演多解性问题更加严重.本文基于Cole-Cole模型实现了航空瞬变电磁一维正演,采用横向约束反演同时计算激电参数及层厚,增加约束条件改善多解...     

武侯祠桂荷楼穿斗木构架透榫节点抗震性能研究

以武侯祠桂荷楼穿斗节点为原型,模拟了等厚单向透榫节点在拟静力荷载作用下的应力应变特征和抗震性能,探讨了榫高、榫厚和柱径三种因素对节点力学性能的影响.研究表明:等厚单向透榫耗能性能好,但节点受力复杂,榫头根部应力集中,小榫头根部易发生撕裂和折断现象;榫高、柱径对节点等效黏滞阻尼系数、节点刚度和承载力有显著影响,而榫厚影响...     

过套管地层电阻率曲线环境影响校正方法研究

过套管电阻率测井是在金属套管井中测量地层电阻率的一种电法测井技术,其测量结果受套管、层厚/围岩、水泥环等井眼环境因素的影响,所以在进行过套管电阻率测井资料解释时必须进行测井环境影响因素校正.本文在论述过套管电阻率测井原理的基础上,针对大庆油田引进的俄罗斯过套管电阻率测井仪器ECOS,分别考察了层厚/围岩、水泥环对测量结果的响应规律,利用正演模拟方法研制完成了层厚/围岩影响校正图版以及水泥环影响校正图版.在计算机上实现了层厚/围岩、水泥环影响校正的算法,并利用模型算例和测井实例验证了本文方法的合理性.该方法能够减少水泥环的影响,提高层厚小于1.0 m薄层电阻率的测量精度,为过套管电阻率测井资料正确解释提供了保障.     

内蒙塞汗乌力吉地区地壳电性结构的边界元与有限元耦合模拟

本文利用边界元与有限元耦合方法和实测的纵向视电阻率曲线模拟了内蒙寒汗乌力吉地区的地壳电性结构。根据钻孔资料和综合地球物理勘探成果,构制了本模型的上部电性结构。在模拟过程中,它保持不变,仅通过反复调试模型的中下部结构,直至构制模型的计算曲线与实测的视电阻率曲线拟合为止。模拟结果表明:本区内在深10公里处有在一个电阻率值为4至10欧姆·米、厚2至4公里的低阻层。中部厚,向两侧变薄,它和浅部盆地构造在横向分布上有一定的对应关系。     

Hydrogeologic Framework of Fractured Sedimentary Rock,Newark Basin,New Jersey

The hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary bedrock at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), ¹ 1 For more information on the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program at the Naval Air Warfare Center visit the NAWC website at http://nj.usgs.gov/nawc/
Trenton, New Jersey, a trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated site in the Newark Basin, is developed using an understanding of the geologic history of the strata, gamma-ray logs, and rock cores. NAWC is the newest field research site established as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, and DoD Environmental Security Technology Certification Program to investigate contaminant remediation in fractured rock. Sedimentary bedrock at the NAWC research site comprises the Skunk Hollow, Byram, and Ewing Creek Members of the Lockatong Formation and Raven Rock Member of the Stockton Formation. Muds of the Lockatong Formation that were deposited in Van Houten cycles during the Triassic have lithified to form the bedrock that is typical of much of the Newark Basin. Four lithotypes formed from the sediments include black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone, dark-gray laminated mudstone, light-gray massive mudstone, and red massive mudstone. Diagenesis, tectonic compression, off-loading, and weathering have altered the rocks to give some strata greater hydraulic conductivity than other strata. Each stratum in the Lockatong Formation is 0.3 to 8 m thick, strikes N65°E, and dips 25° to 70°NW. The black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone tends to fracture easily, has a relatively high hydraulic conductivity and is associated with high natural gamma-ray count rates. The dark-gray laminated mudstone is less fractured and has a lower hydraulic conductivity than the black carbon-rich laminated mudstone. The light-gray and the red massive mudstones are highly indurated and tend to have the least fractures and a low hydraulic conductivity. The differences in gamma-ray count rates for different mudstones allow gamma-ray logs to be used to correlate and delineate the lithostratigraphy from multiple wells. Gamma-ray logs and rock cores were correlated to develop a 13-layer gamma-ray stratigraphy and 41-layer lithostratigraphy throughout the fractured sedimentary rock research site. Detailed hydrogeologic framework shows that black carbon-rich laminated mudstones are the most hydraulically conductive. Water-quality and aquifer-test data indicate that groundwater flow is greatest and TCE contamination is highest in the black, carbon- and clay-rich laminated mudstones. Large-scale groundwater flow at the NAWC research site can be modeled as highly anisotropic with the highest component of permeability occurring along bedding planes.     

Environmental corrections to gamma-ray log data: Strategies for geophysical logging with geological and technical drilling

Correction concepts for the elimination of environmental influences on gamma-ray logs have been published in a number of articles and in guidelines by service companies. However, these widely-used processing rules for open- and cased-hole measurement conditions have been presented in different forms using different assumptions. For a detailed comparison, these concepts were reduced to simple analytical formula with the application of the same units and scaling to common, standardised conditions. For geological and technical drilling, environmental influences like borehole geometry, casing configuration and material, as well as mud density have turned out to represent the most important effects for a characterisation of environmental conditions. Typical case histories show that correction processing may lead to differing results, depending on the chosen presumptions. A thorough analysis of different types of influences and a careful choice of adequate correction procedures substantially improve the quality of gamma-ray log data. Further implications of these analytical correction rules permit also the quantitative interpretation of logs in dry cased-hole intervals and with the presence of tool joints or casing collars. The latter effect is widely underrated but is proven here to be a necessary step in precise gamma-ray log processing.     

随钻伽马测井快速正演算法及地质导向应用

在定向井及水平井钻井过程中,常采用地质导向技术;地质导向的关键在于实时确定地层界面和产状、实现地层模型的实时更新和井眼轨迹的及时调整,从而最大限度地提高油层的钻遇率.利用基于地层模型的测井响应正演曲线与随钻测井曲线进行对比是确定地层界面的有效方法;本文基于伽马射线在地层中的衰减规律,导出了不同地层模型中随钻伽马测井响应快速正演算法,克服了目前难以将蒙特卡罗算法用于实时随钻伽马测井正演的困难.应用实例表明该方法可以有效地辅助实时判定实际地层界面,更好地实现地质导向.     

Modeling unsaturated flow in a layered formation under quasi-steady state conditions using geophysical data constraints

The identification of vadose zone flow parameters and solute travel time from the surface to the water table are key issues for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability. In this paper we use the results of time-lapse monitoring of the vadose zone in a UK consolidated sandstone aquifer using cross-hole zero-offset radar to assess and calibrate models of water flow in the vadose zone. The site under investigation is characterized by a layered structure, with permeable medium sandstone intercalated by finer, less permeable, laminated sandstone. Information on this structure is available from borehole geophysical (gamma-ray) logs. Monthly cross-hole radar monitoring was performed from August 1999 to February 2001, and shows small changes of moisture content over time and fairly large spatial variability with depth. One-dimensional Richards’ equation modeling of the infiltration process was performed under spatially heterogeneous, steady state conditions. Both layer structure and Richards’ equation parameters were simulated using a nested Monte Carlo approach, constrained via geostatistical analysis on the gamma-ray logs and on a priori information regarding the possible range of hydraulic parameters. The results of the Monte Carlo analysis show that, in order to match the radar-derived moisture content profiles, it is necessary to take into account the vertical scale of measurements, with an averaging window size of the order of the antenna length and the Fresnel zone width. Flow parameters cannot be uniquely identified, showing that the system is over parameterized with respect to the information content of the (nearly stationary) radar profiles. Estimates of travel time of water across the vadose zone are derived from the simulation results.     

一种新的伽玛能谱测井定量解释方法研究

本文分析了目前常用的γ能谱测井平均含量法、传统剥谱法对不饱和混合矿层（铀、钍、钾元素的含量在矿层中分布不均匀）的定量解释存在的原理缺陷;提出了利用γ能谱测井分离铀、钍、钾元素的定量解释新方法—逐点剥谱的单元层定量解释法,简单讨论了该解释方法涉及的形态系数、换算系数和单元层饱和度的确定,以及反形态系数的计算问题.     

Effect of coupling noise on the interpretation of results of electromagnetic horizontal sounding and modeling

The time variation of a source of alternating current produces an electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting and receiving systems in induced electrical polarization and resistivity surveys that employ horizontal electrical sounding. The coupling alters, sometimes significantly, the resistivity and chargeability values and, consequently, compromises the interpretation of the data. This work develops the analysis of this coupling on the time domain for both a homogeneous Earth and an Earth constituted of several homogeneous horizontal layers. Based on the results, it evaluates the theoretical variation of the voltage and compares it to observed data of an induced electrical polarization and resistivity survey with horizontal electrical sounding. The comparative study of the voltage decay curves assesses the contribution of the electromagnetic coupling to the values of the chargeability and apparent resistivity as a function of the bipole length and the period of the source current. Besides that, the respective pseudosections have delineated the horizontal and vertical variations of those two electrical properties, providing the interpretation of the geoelectrical section. This research is important for the oil industry because it may furnish information that help to: (i) define the structure of the sedimentary strata; (ii) estimate the clay content of the sandstones; and (iii) detect the possible presence of metallic sulphide halos at fractured zones of the sediments above the oil reservoir. It may be adapted to analysis of EM coupling in both resistive and induced electric well logs.     

南黄海中部隆起中-古生代地层发育新认识——基于大陆架科学钻探CSDP-02井钻探成果

南黄海中部隆起海相地层埋藏浅,是南黄海盆地油气勘探的重点,但由于缺乏钻井资料约束,中部隆起中-古生界的地层属性一直存在争议.大陆架科学钻探CSDP-02井是南黄海中部隆起第一口钻井,也是南黄海盆地钻遇地层最深的一口全取心井.本文在分析大陆架科学钻探CSDP-02井的岩心、测井和相应多道地震资料基础上,明确了中部隆起中-古生界的地层属性：在新近系充填沉积之下,依次发育三叠系下统青龙组下段、二叠系上统大隆组、龙潭组,二叠系下统孤峰组、栖霞组,石炭系船山组、黄龙组、和州组和高骊山组,泥盆系五通群和志留系高家边组、奥陶系.结合地球物理测井曲线分析与区域地质认识,确定了地震反射界面T2、T8、T9、T10、T11的反射特征与对应的地质界面.中部隆起地层分布特征整体受南黄海构造运动的影响,早古生代地层平缓,断裂不发育,加里东运动造成志留系上统及中下泥盆统沉积缺失,石炭系-二叠系在中部隆起广泛发育,厚度大,二叠系最大沉积厚度约1900 m,中生界残留地层分布局限,主要保存下三叠系,地层厚度变化范围较大.     

Fuzzy inference system for identification of geological stratigraphy off Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

The analysis of well logging data plays key role in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Various well log parameters such as porosity, gamma ray, density, transit time and resistivity, help in classification of strata and estimation of the physical, electrical and acoustical properties of the subsurface lithology. Strong and conspicuous changes in some of the log parameters associated with any particular geological stratigraphy formation are function of its composition, physical properties that help in classification. However some substrata show moderate values in respective log parameters and make difficult to identify the kind of strata, if we go by the standard variability ranges of any log parameters and visual inspection. The complexity increases further with more number of sensors involved. An attempt is made to identify the kinds of stratigraphy from well logs over Prydz bay basin, East Antarctica using fuzzy inference system. A model is built based on few data sets of known stratigraphy and further the network model is used as test model to infer the lithology of a borehole from their geophysical logs, not used in simulation. Initially the fuzzy based algorithm is trained, validated and tested on well log data and finally identifies the formation lithology of a hydrocarbon reservoir system of study area. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated by the analysis of the results for actual lithologs and coring data of ODP Leg 188. The fuzzy results show that the training performance equals to 82.95% while the prediction ability is 87.69%. The fuzzy results are very encouraging and the model is able to decipher even thin layer seams and other strata from geophysical logs. The result provides the significant sand formation of depth range 316.0- 341.0 m, where core recovery is incomplete.     

水文地球化学方法前兆机制的实验研究

借助油田的注水实验,我们研究了地下水化学成分的地震前兆机制。实验以10个井同时注水,注水深度为800～1200米。我们选用50～300米深的含水层作为水化学成分观测井。注水井的水源与观测井的含水层无关。当向800米以下深度注水时,该层压力增大,以此模拟从下层来的压力对水化学成分的影响。观测表明:当注水压力传递到上层含水层时,地下水化学成分便发生变化。其变化幅度与观测井的构造部位及地球化学环境有关,与观测井和实验注水井的距离关系不大。     

柴达木盆地东部三湖地区四系米兰柯维奇旋回分析

自然伽马曲线包含丰富的地质信息,能够很好地反映由气候变化引起的地层旋回.本文采用频谱分析对柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系自然伽马测井曲线进行了系统分析.作为频谱分析方法之一的快速傅里叶变换能够将自然伽马曲线从时间（深度）域转换为频率域,然后分析每一个峰值频率的波长及其相互之间的比率关系,寻找那些波长比率与米兰柯维奇周期比率相同或相似的频率,从而捕获高频旋回信息.研究结果表明第四系地层中很好地保存了高频的米兰柯维奇旋回,这样的沉积旋回主要由地球轨道的周期性变化而导致的古气候变化引起的.偏心率周期引起的地层旋回厚度变化范围在92.00~115.00 m之间,黄赤交角引起的地层旋回厚度变化范围在24.55~63.43 m之间,岁差引起的地层旋回厚度变化范围在16.8~26.35 m之间.黄赤交角和岁差是影响该区米兰柯维奇旋回的主要因素,其中岁差的影响最大,而偏心率的影响最小.