杭州湾及其邻近海域沉积物中Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg的地球化学研究

本文通过对杭州湾及其邻近海域29个站位的表层沉积物化学、粘土矿物及碎屑矿物资料的分析,详细研究了开放型海湾沉积物中Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg元素地球化学特征。研究表明,1)与同类型海湾相比,杭州湾显示高Fe、Mn、Mg低Ca的特点。表明物质来源丰富,而生物作用较弱;2)Fe、Mn主要来自长江和钱塘江径流搬运,受粘土控制。Mg主要来自粘土对海水中Mg~(2+)的吸附,同时受上覆水盐度的影响;3)北区元素间关系明显的比南区强烈,表明南区物质来源较北区复杂;4)主断面沉积物中Mg/Ca由河口向海洋增加,并与有机碳呈明显的正相关,显示杭州湾及邻近陆架区可能发生着原始碳酸盐(钙)白云岩化的反应。     

太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学特征

本文对太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学作了较为详细的研究。因子分析提供的信息表明,元素的分布主要受三个因子控制:（1）粘土及Fe、Mn氧化物水化物胶体的吸附作用;（2）生物化学作用过程有关的自生沉积作用;（3）海底页岩风化及附近海区的火山喷发作用。元素的来源:（1）Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cr、Mg、Al、Ti、K共生,主要来自粘土吸附;（2）C_有机、N、Sr、Na及Si、Ca、Sr主要来自生物化学过程沉积;（3）Pb主要来源于岩石碎屑（火山喷发碎屑）。     

贵州威宁窑上组沉积物物源特征及沉积控制因素分析

根据威宁草海第四纪窑上组沉积物主量元素和REE特征,探讨沉积物物源特征、气候演变情况、沉积物堆积控制因素。结果表明:Al、Mg、Ca、K、Na和Ti的含量变化在剖面上一致,它们的相关系数很高(0.522~0.985)。Fe含量和Mn含量呈正相关形式,与Al、Mg、Ca、K、Na和Ti呈负相关。Fe2O3含量在土黄色粘土的铁质层很高(42.86%~50.57%)。样品中REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式与贵州土壤、贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳配分模式很相似,与峨眉山玄武岩配分模式不一致,但其含量略低于贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳的含量;沉积物主要来源于碳酸盐岩,且碳酸盐岩强烈风化成土作用使REE超常富集,在剖面上呈现高ΣREE(平均219.38μg/g)。通过Mg/Ca、MgO/Al2O3、(CaO+K2O+Na2O)/Al2O3、(Fe2O3+Al2O3)/(MgO+CaO)、(K+Na+Ca+Mg)/(Fe+Mn)、(Al+Fe+Mn)/(K+Ca+Mg)和(MgO+Na2O+CaO)/Al2O3等气候指标研究,表明在草海窑上期为湖泊沉积时期,气候经历了由温暖湿润向冷干的转变。同时,认为物源性质、构造运动、气候等共同控制该区沉积物形成。     

渤海东部与黄海北部表层沉积物的元素地球化学记录

为研究渤海东部及黄海北部海域沉积物常量元素组成特征及与物源的关系,分析了该海域138个站位沉积物样品的常量元素含量。渤海东部及黄海北部海域沉积物常量元素Al2O3、Mg O、Na2O和TFe2O3分布基本相似;Si O2分布与Al2O3、Mg O、Na2O和TFe2O3分布相反;Al2O3、Mg O、TFe2O3、Ti O2和Na2O等元素与细粒沉积物呈正相关,Si O2与粗粒沉积物呈正相关,Ca O、Ca CO3、Mn O和K2O分布与沉积物粒度无明显正或负的相关性;北黄海东部K2O分布反映了鸭绿江物质的影响。R-型聚类分析得出3种组合类型,以Mg O、Ca O和K2O及Mn O为代表,分别对应反映陆源细粒物质输入、指示黄河和鸭绿江物质的影响和海洋自生作用。依据Q-型聚类分析特征,将调查海域沉积物划分为4个不同的地球化学分区,同时综合分析得出了Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区的沉积物运移的路径趋势。K2O/Ca O揭示黄河物质影响自南至北和自西向东呈逐渐减弱的趋势,其中研究区西南部和北黄海中西部受黄河物质影响较强,北黄海东部沉积物更多受鸭绿江物质影响。     

北太平洋锰结核伴生沉积物中某些金属元素的地球化学行为探讨

通过对海洋沉积物及其粘土组分的研究发现,金属元素Fe、Mn、B、Ba、Cu、V、Y等的含量与锰结核的丰度成正相关,也与粘土组分、有机物含量呈正相关,表明粘土组分是某些金属元素及有机物富集的载体;同时发现Mn、Fe、受火山、热液及碎屑的影响,致使这种相关性不及其他元素明显。     

北太平洋锰结核伴生沉积物中某些金属元素的地球化学行为探讨

通过对海洋沉积物及其粘土组分的研究发现,金属元素Fe、Mn、B、Ba、Cu、V、Y等的含量与锰结核的丰度成正相关,也与粘土组分、有机物含量呈正相关,表明粘土组分是某些金属元素及有机物富集的载体;同时发现Mn、Fe、受火山、热液及碎屑的影响,致使这种相关性不及其他元素明显。     

南沙海域西南海区表层沉积物地球化学特征

对南沙海域西南海区101个站位表层沉积物中的元素含量及分布特征分析表明：①元素含量的分布规律是Al、Fe、Mg、Ti、P、K、Na及Cu、Co、Ni、Pb、Zn、Ba、Zr含量从陆架到陆坡直到深海明显递增；Ca、Sr含量由陆架到陆坡递增，由陆坡向深海锐减；Si含量在陆坡低，在陆架和深海高。②沉积物中元素的分布和含量变化与沉积物类型有密切关系。粗粒沉积物中Si、Sr含量较高，细粒沉积物则相对富集Al、Fe、Mg、Ti、P、K、Na及Cu、Co、Ni、Pb、Zn、Ba、Zr等元素，并且随沉积物变细，其含量亦增加，在粘土中含量最高。③SiO2与其余常量组分均呈负相关，且随水深的增加，含量逐渐减少。Al、Fe与大多数常、微量元素(Si、Ca、Sr除外)呈正相关，Ca、Sr与大多数元素呈负相关，而它们本身呈强正相关。Co、Ni、Zn、Ba、Zr与Cu呈正相关，表现为亲铜性。④本区元素的分布主要受沉积物类型、物质来源、水深和生物生产力的影响。     

西南印度洋中脊48.6°~51.7°E沉积物地球化学特征

为了深入了解西南印度洋中脊调查区表层沉积物的物质来源和沉积环境,对大洋第30航次在该区域获取的21个表层沉积物样品进行了物相鉴定和主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素含量测试,分析结果显示,样品可分为Si质沉积物和Ca质沉积物两类,其中Si质沉积物富含Si、Mg、Fe、Al,稀土元素含量特征、轻重稀土元素分馏特征,以及稀土元素的北美页岩归一化曲线均表明沉积物保留了N-MORB的特征,主要为基性岩、超基性岩的风化产物;而Ca质沉积物富Ca、LOI、Sr,稀土元素以及微量元素之间的分配均指示沉积物物源为生源主导;所有站位均显示了两类沉积物不同程度的混杂,表明物质来源具有一定的多样性,调查区总体为稳定的偏氧化环境。     

太平洋西部深海沉积物中Fe、Mn、Mg地球化学

本文详细描述了取自太平洋西部7个岩心沉积物中Fe、Mn，Me的分布、来源及地球化学特征。由于Fe、Mn、Mg的含量与火山碎屑矿物和沉积物类型有关，这对太平洋西部的沉积环境起着标志作用。     

福建沿海经济带生态地球化学调查与评价

介绍了福建省沿海经济带生态地球化学调查的主要成果。总体上该区地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类土壤占全区总面积的98.44%,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤占全区总面积的1.56%,主要分布在中心城市内,主要污染元素为Hg、Cd、Cu;质量好、适合海水养殖的第一类沉积物样品占92.36%,质量较差的第二类沉积物样品占6.84%;地表水和浅层地下水样中大部分元素处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样Mn、Fe超标。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有:①山地土壤pH值低,Ca、Mg缺乏;②岛屿、半岛及台地土地贫瘠;③河口平原土壤、海湾沉积物重金属元素含量高。较高的自然背景含量、强酸性的表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,造成部分农产品有害元素含量超标。     

特征元素比值在沉积物物源分析中的应用——以东营凹陷王58井区沙四上亚段研究为例

利用Ni/Co、V/Co、Mg/Mn、Mn/Sr、Ba/Mn、Fe/K、Mg/Ca、Ba/Sr、Mg/Al、Al/Na十个特征元素比值,通过分布模式、物源指数、Q型聚类等方法,对东营凹陷王58井区沙四上亚段砂体物源进行了研究。沙四上亚段沉积时期,王58井区存在南北两大物源体系,王58井及其以北地区沉积物主要来自北部物源体系,王斜583和王126井及其以南地区主要为南部物源体系,中部牛114—斜1井一带具有南北混源特点。研究表明利用特征元素比值判别沉积物物源方向,能够有效地避免水动力及成岩作用的影响,更加准确地判断沉积物的物源方向。     

东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段沉积环境的地球化学特征

东营凹陷是一个北断南超的不对称箕状断陷湖盆,湖盆中的常量元素和微量元素含量及有关元素比值呈现出明显的旋回变化特征。而其中元素的分配及比值的变化、组合都在一定程度上指示着古沉积环境的演化历程。通过分析Fe,Mn,Ca,Sr等元素含量和Fe／Mn,Sr／Ba,Sr／Ca,Mg／Ca等元素比值以及碳氧同位素的变化特征。对东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段沉积时期的沉积环境进行了系统的研究。结果反映了沙四段沉积时期的古气候、古盐度、古湖水面和古生产力基本上都显示出了旋回变化的特征。     

Spatial geochemical variation of major and trace elements in the marine sediments of Mumbai Harbor Bay

The resulting concentration data sets of major (Na, K, Mg, Ca and Fe) and trace elements (Cu, Ni, Co and Mn) in bed and suspended sediments were used to evaluate the enrichment factor for anthropogenic influences and principal component analysis for identifying the origin of source contributions in the studied area. Normalization of metals to Fe indicated that high enrichment factors in the bed sediment were in the order of Co > Cu > Na > Ca > Ni except Mg, K and Mn while for suspended sediments, only Co has a high enrichment factor. High enrichment of Co and Cu reflected the contamination of sediments from anthropogenic sources. The high influence of Na and Ca in sediments may be caused for seawater salinization factor. A significant positive correlation among enrichment factors of various elements of interest suggests a common origin/identical behavior during transport in the sediment system.     

Heavy metal distribution in surface sediments of the Tirumalairajan river estuary and the surrounding coastal area, east coast of India

Surface sediments collected at the Tirumalairajan river estuary and their surrounding coastal areas were analyzed for the bulk metal concentration. The sediments were collected from post- and premonsoon seasons. Dominances of heavy metals are in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu in both seasons from estuary and coastal area. The results reveal that Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Zn demonstrated an increased pattern from the estuary when compared to the coastal area. The heavy metal pattern of the sediments of the Tirumalairajan river estuary and its surrounding coastal area offered strong evidence that the coastal area was a major source of heavy metals to the estuarine region. For various metals, the contamination factor and geoaccumulation index (I _geo) have been calculated to assess the degree of pollution in sediments. The contamination factor and geoaccumulation index show that Zn, Pb, and Cu unpolluted to moderately pollute the sediments in estuarine part. This study shows the major sources of metal contamination in catchment and anthropogenic ones, such as agriculture runoff, discharge of industrial wastewater, and municipal sewage through the estuary and adjoining coastal area.     

Geochemistry of metals in sediments from the mainstem of the Yellow River, China

Sediment samples at 10 locations in the mainstem of the Yellow River were taken in 1994. Five forms (exchangeable, carbonate, organic, Fe/Mn oxide and residual) of metals were extracted by the Tessier method. The total contents and contents of the five forms of 16 metal elements (Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Al) were determined by ICP-AES. In sediments of the Yellow River, except for Na, mobile elements (such as K, Ca) do not show a negative correlation with the immobile elements. Alkaline metals (Li, Na, and K), Ti, and Al exist mainly in the residual form. The exchangeable forms of alkaline-earth elements (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are the highest, and their residual forms go up with the increase of the period in the periodic table of elements. Half of Mn exists in the residual form, and its non-residual forms exist mainly in carbonate and oxide forms. Except Mn, the iron group elements (Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cr) mainly exist in the residual and oxide forms. High carbonate content of Ca does not cause high contents of other elements in carbonate form, showing that chemical weathering is not strong in the area.     

Regional Metasomatism and the Geochemistry of the Dalradian Metasediments of Connemara, Western Ireland

Based on 225 analyses of quartzites, siliceous granoblastites,calc silicate rocks, calcite and dolomite marbles, including120 analyses of pelites and semipelites, sedimentary trendsof chemical variation are identified in staurolite and sillimanitegrade rocks. The correlation of original clay mineral contentwith Ti, Fe, K, Rb, Y, Nb, Ca, Ni, Ga, Zn and probably Ba andMn is shown. A similar clay mineral (whose composition is calculated)was added to all the sediments except the quartz-rich sandstones,now quartzites. This pattern appears to be general for mostsediments, based on crustal averages. The form of the originaladdition of Sr in the sediments might be identified as eithercarbonate or feldspar by a Ca vs. Sr plot. The southern pelites in a 2–4 km peripheral zone to theConnemara orthogneisses and migmatites have been metasomatized.The crude order of elemental enrichment from the elements increasedthe most to those increased the least relative to the same stratigraphicalhorizons in the north is: Mn, Ba, Th, Cu, Ca, Sr, Y, Pb, Zn,Pr, Ge, Nd, La, Mg, S, Ce, Rb, Sm, Ti, Na, K and Ga while Si,Al, Cr, Ni, Co, Fe and P are unchanged or removed. The sourceof the material added is postulated to be the water-rich residualfraction of the migmatitic quartz diorite gneiss, the transportbeing by movement of a water-rich fluid out of the migmatites,the fixation being mainly in biotite and new, more calcic, plagioclaseporphyroblasts, there being a positive correlation between elementenrichment and ionic radius.     

Geochemistry of Jizan shelf sediments, southern Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia

Surface sediments from the Jizan shelf, southern Red Sea, were analysed for grain size and mineralogical and elemental composition in order to establish their geochemical characteristics. Texturally, sediments are classified into sand and mud; the latter dominates the shelf. Grain size variability and mineralogical assemblages present in the sediments largely control the abundance and distribution of CaCO₃, organic carbon content (OC) and the major and trace elements. Sand sediments are composed of carbonate material of marine origin and contain high concentrations of Ca, Mg and Sr. Mud sediments are relatively rich in OC and are characterised by high concentrations of Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, V and Ba. Unlike the sand, Mg concentration in the mud sediments seems to be controlled by stronger contribution from non-carbonate material. Factor analysis is applied to identify the variables accounting for most of the variance in the mud sediment samples. Three factors are found to describe about 78% of the variance. The first factor which accounts for 41% of the total variance is the Fe and Mn oxides that reach the area through episodic flooding. The second and third factors are the mud (22%) and the mineralogy (15%) of the sediments, respectively.     

铁岭市东部山区野生经济植物榛子营养元素地球化学特征

对辽宁省铁岭市东部山区野生经济植物榛子样品中的常量营养元素P、K、Ca、Na、Mg、S,14种营养微量元素和稀土元素含量进行了分析.结果表明,本区的榛子样品其主量元素化学特征属K > P > Ca型,其中Na元素含量变异系数最大,为44.27.微量元素含量水平均在植物元素含量正常值变化范围内,由高到低,元素含量排列顺序为;Mn > Si > Fe > Zn > B > Cu > Ni > F > Cr > Mo > Co > Se > I > V.其中,V元素变异系数最大,为93.18.稀土元素总量∑REE（平均值）为29.66×10^-9,属低含量.元素相关性分析表明,元素K与Na、Mg,S与Mg、Ca,P与K、Na、Mg、Ca,Fe与Mn,Co与Mn,Cu与Zn之间,在0.01水平都表现出极显著的正相关,反映这些元素之间的吸收积累有很好的协同作用.