川西峨眉晚古生代和中生代河流沉积中的痕迹化石群落

川西峨眉地区晚古生代和中生代地层中可识别出三种不同河流沉积环境的痕迹化石群落:(1)Scoyenia-Rhizoliths痕迹群落,产于上二叠统沙湾组,代表一种炎热潮湿气候条件下的远源曲流河沉积环境;(2)Trichichnus特化痕迹群落,发育于下三叠统飞仙关组,属近海冲积平原上时常干旱且环境条件不稳定的河流沉积环境;(3)Scoyenia-Rusophycus痕迹群落,产自上白垩统夹关组,反映经常干旱和周期性泛滥的内陆河流沉积环境.     

豫西济源晚三叠世河流沉积类型及生物痕迹组构特征

根据岩性、沉积构造和痕迹化石的组成和产状特征,该文简要论述了豫西济源中生代盆地晚三叠世河流环境中五种沉积类型和痕迹组构特征,划分了五大发展阶段,并由此说明了该河流沉积环境的演化历史,同时还指出了温暖潮湿和干旱这两种气候条件下河流沉积环境中痕迹化石在组成上的差异。     

河南西峡盆地上白垩统河流及湖泊沉积中的遗迹组构

河南西峡盆地上白垩统马家村组沉积厚度巨大,达1 960 m,由辫状河沉积、曲流河沉积和湖泊沉积组成。在河流与湖泊沉积中,发育丰富的遗迹化石,共6种类型,分别为Skolithos linearis、Cylindricumichnosp、Palaeophycus tubularis“J”形潜穴、垂直分枝潜穴和垂直螺旋潜穴。从形态分析,大多数为居住迹,按照遗迹化石产出岩层的岩性、扰动特征和残留遗迹等总体特征,将所发现的遗迹化石层划分为两类遗迹组构,即软底组构和僵底组构。前者主要发育在纹层状极细砂岩和粉砂岩中,潜穴密度大,属种单一,包括Skolithos组构和Palaeophycus组构;后者主要发育在厚层泥岩中,潜穴密度较大,类型稍多,包括由Cylindricum ichnosp、垂直分枝潜穴J形潜穴和垂直螺旋潜穴所组成的遗迹组构。与报道过的其他地区陆相遗迹化石的对比表明,随着时间的推移,河流沉积中的组构特征在白垩纪有明显变化,而浅湖沉积中的遗迹组构表明造迹生物的扰动能力显著加强。     

四川盆地北部晚二叠世-早三叠世碳酸盐岩斜坡相带沉积特征

四川盆地东北部宣汉县樊哙以东地区晚二叠世-早三叠世飞仙关期碳酸盐岩台地相-海槽相剖面均出露地表。分隔台地相和海槽相的碳酸盐岩斜坡相的鸡唱剖面距台地边缘相剖面不足１ｋｍ。根据地面露头碳酸盐岩斜坡相带的特征,可在四川盆地北部环开江-梁平海槽的地震反射剖面上有效地识别出碳酸盐岩斜坡相,并划分出浅水、深水碳酸盐沉积区。斜坡相具有明显的倾斜反射,海槽相区大隆组及飞仙关组底部泥岩的强振幅反射在斜坡下部向台地上超并消失。深水相区上二叠统地震波双程反射时间都小于１００ｍｓ且明显短于飞仙关组,而台地相区上二叠统双程反射时间多大于１５０ｍｓ,且与上覆飞仙关组地震波反射时间相近或略长。碳酸盐岩斜坡相倾斜反射的特征表明环海槽的碳酸盐岩斜坡开始发育于晚二叠世中期,并随海侵向碳酸盐岩台地方向迁移,在晚二叠世末期海侵达到顶峰时形成最陡峭的斜坡。飞仙关期斜坡随海平面缓慢下降而逐渐向海槽方向迁移并变缓。晚二叠世末期海槽南端梁平地区斜坡坡度在３°左右,向北东、北西方向变陡,宣汉地区约２０°,苍溪、仪陇地区最高达４０°以上,海槽呈向北逐渐加深的箕形。根据晚二叠世末期斜坡倾斜反射高度计算,开江-梁平海槽的水深在３５０～４５０ｍ左右。苍溪、仪陇及梁平地区飞仙关组斜坡进积明显,宣汉地区的斜坡以加积为主。目前钻遇的最厚鲕滩储集层位于宣汉加积斜坡附近的台地边缘,单井的鲕粒白云岩储集层厚度超过３００ｍ。     

川西南美姑地区下三叠统飞仙关组地球化学特征及其对物源和构造环境的指示意义

针对川西南美姑地区飞仙关组碎屑岩进行岩石学和地球化学方面的研究,以探究其物质来源以及构造背景。川西南美姑地区飞仙关组为一套碎屑岩,三角洲相沉积。碎屑岩主量元素中w(TFe2O3)为3.46%~11.23%,w(MgO)为2%~7.98%,w(TiO2)为1.51%~2.62%。微量元素中亲铁镁矿物元素w(Cr)为66×10^-6~426×10^-6,w(Co)为18.8×10^-6~30.6×10^-6,w(Sc)为16.9×10^-6~23.7×10^-6。REE分布模式和Al2O3/TiO2比值与峨眉山高钛玄武岩较为相似,指示着飞仙关组的物质来源于晚二叠世的峨眉山高钛玄武岩。样品的成分异变指数(ICV)值为0.95~3.49,普遍大于1,暗示着飞仙关组的物质来源大部分未经历过风化-沉积成岩的过程,为第一次循环碎屑。飞仙关组碎屑岩CIA值为60.49~72.44,反映了飞仙关组时期该地区经历了温暖、湿润环境下中等程度的化学风化作用。同时碎屑岩中的TFe2O3+MgO,TiO2,Al2O3/SiO2地球化学指标最接近大洋岛弧特征值,Th-Co-Zr/10,La-Th-Sc,Th-Sc-Zr/10图解亦指示着飞仙关组的源岩形成于大陆岛弧-大洋岛弧的构造环境中。结合飞仙关组的岩石学和地球化学特征,初步认为晚二叠世时期在大洋岛弧的构造背景下峨眉山玄武岩喷发溢流而出,而后隆升,为飞仙关组的沉积提供了充足的物质来源。同时,随着飞仙关组的不断沉积,亦逐渐有其他物源混入。     

川东北达县-宣汉地区飞仙关组沉积相与储层分布

达县—宣汉地区下三叠统飞仙关组是受控于鄂西渝东海盆和广旺海盆之间的碳酸盐台地。通过地表露头、钻井和地震等资料的研究,认为飞仙关组主要发育开阔台地、碳酸盐台地暴露浅滩和局限台地3个沉积相单元。飞仙关早期,继承了晚二叠世沉积格局,西部为开阔台地,向东依次为台地暴露浅滩、局限台地和开阔台地。随着滩规模的逐渐扩大,浅滩逐渐向东迁移。飞仙关三期,全区经历短暂的海侵,至飞仙关四期演变为均一的局限台地相,属于典型的碳酸盐台地浅滩沉积模式。储层以发育大套溶孔白云岩为特征,岩石类型主要为鲕粒白云岩、残余鲕粒白云岩、糖粒状残…     

塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组痕迹化石与海进期沉积及海进体系域

在层序地层学研究中,海进（transgrssion）常被认为是快速形成的,序列简单,并以少量沉积为特征。对塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组痕迹化石及沉积特征研究表明,海进期沉积及海进体系域比人们想象的要复杂,由三类沉积组成:（1）与海进侵蚀有关,包括海进滞留沉积,发育固底控制Glossifungites痕迹相;（2）与海进初期的海面缓慢上升或总体海进过程中的静止期有关,包括前滨和临滨砂泥岩,发育Skolithos痕迹相和近端Gruziana痕迹相;（3）与海面快速上升有关,包括滨外泥岩,发育远端Gruziana痕迹相。     

一个大型的古河流-三角洲沉积体系——论苏皖中-上三叠统黄马青组沉积环境

通过对苏皖地区黄马青组的学特征及其积学研究,确认其为发育于前陆盆地内的大型海退河流－三角洲沉积体系。根据岩石成因类型划分了８个微相,并对其所反映的沉积环境进行了分析。整个层序自下而上可分为前三角洲,一角洲前缘及三角洲平原３个亚环境,并对亚环境内的微环境进行了讨论。     

南黄海盆地上二叠统—下三叠统基准面旋回特征及沉积充填模式

采用高分辨率层序地层学理论与基准面旋回识别技术,根据区域构造旋回变化和海平面变化特征,将上二叠统—下三叠统作为1个长期基准面旋回。基于南黄海盆地钻井资料,以岩电组合旋回性特征及特殊岩性(煤层、白云岩、砂岩)为依据,将长期基准面旋回划分为5个中期基准面旋回(MC1—MC5)。连井对比分析表明,上二叠统—下三叠统主要发育三角洲相、潮坪相、台地相和陆棚相,水体西北深、东南浅。依据基准面旋回变化和沉积环境变迁,上二叠统—下三叠统发育两种基准面旋回充填模式,即上二叠统龙潭组相对稳定的潮坪相和上二叠统大隆组—下三叠统青龙组快速海侵陆棚相至稳定的台地相,这些模式可为南黄海盆地中古生界油气地质评价提供基础依据。     

中国中-新生代陆相沉积中的遗迹群落

中国中新生代陆相沉积地层中的遗迹化石已知七大生态类型近40种，按其形成的沉积环境可大致划分为三大遗迹群落，即（1）Scoyenia遗迹群落，代表冲积平原或三角洲平原至滨湖环境；（2）Macaronichnus-Planolites遗传群落，主要产生于浅湖环境及水下砂扇（扇三角洲、冲积扇）沉积环境；（3）Mermoides-Neonereites遗迹群落，属典型半深-深湖环境的产物。     

豫西济源中三叠世油房庄组曲流河岩相类型及沉积相分析

豫西济源中三叠世油房庄组下部发育曲流河沉积,以细砂、粉砂和粉砂质泥岩为主,局部含泥砾和粗砂岩。根据Miall的岩相分类法,油房庄组发育有17种岩相,主要有Sts、Sps、Sws、Fh、Fr、Fc、Ch和Cr等,可归纳为代表曲流河不同发展阶段的7种岩相组合类型。根据岩相类型和沉积构造特征,曲流河沉积识别出3个沉积亚相和8个沉积微相,其中河道亚相包括河道滞留沉积微相和边滩沉积微相;堤岸亚相包括天然堤沉积微相和决口扇沉积微相;洪泛平原亚相由近端洪泛平原沉积微相、远端洪泛平原沉积微相、永久性河漫湖泊微相和暂时性河漫湖泊微相组成。研究区河流曲率P为0.64,属于低弯度曲流河沉积。     

新疆北部晚古生代铜矿床主要类型和地质特征

铜矿床广泛地分布于新疆北部,已构成我国重要的铜及多金属矿床产地和后备基地。根据容矿岩石和矿床成因特征,新疆北部的铜矿床可以划分为以下几种类型:①斑岩Cu-Mo-(Au)型;②岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物型;③VMSCu-Pb-Zn型;④夕卡岩Cu-Mo-Au-Ag型。这些矿床的形成与西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔和塔里木板块汇聚碰撞和碰撞后的弛张作用密切相关。早泥盆世(~400)斋桑洋盆沿着阿尔泰—富蕴一带向北俯冲,由于板片后退和拆沉作用,在阿尔泰南缘形成弧后盆地并伴有大量的火山喷发和成矿流体活动,导致阿舍勒和可可塔勒等VMS铜铅锌型矿床的形成;而在西天山的博罗霍努一带,此次构造事件导致喇嘛苏铜矿床的形成。晚泥盆世—早石炭世,由于北天山洋盆向北俯冲,形成大南湖—头苏泉岛弧,并伴有高侵位的花岗岩体分布和铜-钼-金-银矿体的形成。在晚石炭世—早二叠世,新疆北部进入后碰撞构造演化阶段,大量镁铁—超镁铁质和碱性花岗岩岩浆侵位,形成大量的岩浆铜镍硫化物(喀拉通克、黄山和黄山东)和夕卡岩型矿床(索尔库都克、维权)。     

Types and Distribution of Endogenic Gold Deposits in Western Sichuan,China

Endogenic gold deposits and prospects are widely distributed in western Sichuan, People's Republic of China. To the present time, 43 individual gold deposits and 2 associated gold deposits have been discovered, explored, and mined. All of these deposits belong to one of nine principal types, according to their host-rock series: (I) Archean high-grade metamorphic rock series–hosted; Phanerozoic intermediate-acid intrusive rock-hosted; (HI) ophiolitic melange rock series–hosted; (IV) carbonate rock series–hosted; (V) slightly metamorphic rock series–hosted; (VI) moderately metamorphic rock series–hosted; (VII) subvolcanic rock series–hosted; (VIII) slightly metamorphosed fine-grained clastic-subvolcanic rock series–hosted; and (IX) volcanic rock series–hosted. The tectonic setting, geological features, and temporal and spatial distribution of these different types of gold deposits and occurrences indicate that, to a great extent, gold mineralization reflects the evolution of tectonic environments in the western part of Sichuan Province throughout geological time.     

Paleomagnetism of Late Paleozoic,Mesozoic, and Cenozoic rocks in Mongolia

Rock complexes in Mongolia experienced two remagnetization events. Almost all secondary remanence components of normal polarity were acquired apparently in the Cenozoic, after major deformation events, and those of reverse polarity were associated with intrusion of bimodal magmas during the Late Carboniferous–Permian reverse superchron. Active continental-margin sequences in some areas of Mongolia were folded prior to the Late Carboniferous–Permian magnetic event. The primary origin of magnetization in Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks has been inferred to different degrees of reliability. According to paleolatitudes derived from most reliable paleomagnetic data, the analyzed rocks were located far north of the North China block throughout the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic. Mongolia, as well as Siberia, moved from the south to the north in the Paleozoic, back from the north to the south between the latest Triassic and the latest Jurassic, and remained almost within the same latitudes in Cretaceous and Cenozoic time. These paleolatitudes show no statistical difference from those for the Siberian craton at least since the latest Permian (275–250 Ma). Older Mongolian complexes (with ages of 290, 316, and 330 Ma) likewise may have formed within the Siberian continent, which makes their paleomagnetic determinations applicable to calculate the polar wander path for Siberia. The paleolatitudes of Early Carboniferous sediments in Mongolia differ significantly from those of Siberia, either because of overprints from the reverse superchron or because they were deposited away from the Siberian margin.     

Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic deformations in the southwestern Primorye region

Two types of tectonic deformations indicating different geodynamic settings are defined in the southwestern Primorye region. Near-latitudinal compression forces were responsible for the oldest, Late Paleozoic deformations. The Permian stratified complexes host a near-meridional system of folds and zones of dynamothermal metamorphism, cleavage, and foliation oriented orthogonally relative to the compression. Late Proterozoic (?) mafic-ultramafic rocks are characterized by similar deformations. In the Late Permian, the deformations were accompanied by granitoid magmatism controlled by fold and cleavage structures. The younger, Mesozoic deformations produced by near-meridional compression are represented by NE-trending sinistral strike-slip faults and their structural parageneses: an ENE-trending system of folds and downdip-thrusts both superimposed on Paleozoic protostructures and manifested in Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences. It is inferred that, at the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary, near-latitudinal compression was replaced by near-meridional compression, probably, in response to the corresponding change in direction of the lateral displacement of the interacting Asian continent and (or) Pacific Plate.     

拉萨地块西段尼雄地区晚古生代地震事件及其地质意义

拉萨地块晚古生代处于伸展还是挤压背景一直以来存在较大的争议.在拉萨地块西段尼雄地区晚古生代地层中新发现了震积岩.拉嘎组一段震积岩单元位于含砾细砂岩冰水沉积中,可见震裂岩、震褶岩及塑性角砾岩等典型震积岩岩石类型,另见各种与震积岩相关的构造和沉积标志;拉嘎组二段震积岩单元位于潮坪沉积中,见液化卷曲变形及球-枕构造等;下拉组震积岩单元位于下段灰岩中,可见典型的粉（泥）晶灰岩脉和自碎屑角砾岩.下拉组和拉嘎组二段震积岩与燧石结核灰岩紧密共生,由此推测拉萨地块中部分晚古生代燧石结核灰岩可能与地震作用密切相关.结合区域资料,认为拉萨地块西段晚古生代地震事件与冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂陷盆地的发育有关,并为拉萨地块晚古生代演化新增了古地震活动资料.      

Geochronology and Petrogenesis of the Late Paleozoic Yulinhe Granodiorite in the Dunhuang Block,Western China

The Dunhuang Block is located in the conjunction area of the Tarim Craton,Central Asian Orogenic Belt.North China Craton.and Tethyan tectonic domain,and is traditionally regarded as a Precambrian crystalline basement block.However,recent research concluded that the Dunhuang Block represents a Paleozoic orogenic belt.The granitoids that outcrop in the Dunhuang Block recorded tectonic-thermal events in both the Early and Late Paleozoic,which are crucial to understand the tectonic evolutionary history of the Dunhuang Block.In this study,we carried out new petrographic,zircon U-Pb geochronological,and geochemical analyses on the Late Paleozoic Yunlinhe granodiorite,and evaluated its petrogenesis,especially in terms of genesis type and the residual rock.     

Geothermal Field and Tectono-Thermal Evolution since the Late Paleozoic of the Qaidam Basin, Western China

<正>The Qaidam basin is the largest intermountain basin inside Tibet,and is one of the three major petroliferous basins in western China.This study discussed the geothermal field and tectono-thermal evolution of the basin,in an effort to provide evidence for intracontinental or intraplate continental dynamics and basin dynamics,petroleum resources assessment,and to serve petroleum production.     

Association of Late Paleozoic Adakitic Rocks and Shoshonitic Volcanic Rocks in the Western Tianshan, China

The late Paleozoic adakitic rocks are closely associated with the shoshonitic volcanic rocks in the western Tianshan Mountains, China, both spatially and temporally. The magmatic rocks were formed during the period from the middle to the late Permian with isotopic ages of 248-268 Ma. The 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios of the rocks are low in a narrow variation range (-0.7050). The 143Nd/144Nd initial ratios are high (-0.51240) with positive εND(t) values (+1.28-+4.92). In the εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i diagram they fall in the first quadrant. The association of the shoshonitic and adakitic rocks can be interpreted by a two-stage model: the shoshonitic volcanic rocks were formed through long-term fractional crystallization of underplated basaltic magma, while the following partial melting of the residual phases formed the adakitic rocks.