日冕微波辐射甚长周期脉动的观测证据

利用国家天文台微波(1.0-2.0 GHz和2.6-3.8GHz)射电频谱仪于1998年9月23日观测到了一个稀少事件,它是一个伴生多重周期脉动、Ⅲ型爆发和类I型噪暴的复杂射电Ⅳ型爆发,着重介绍该爆发所具有的多重长周期(约7.3、4.9、3.7、1.2和0.4分钟)脉动成分。这个长周期脉动可能是归因于在封闭环中的驻波模式,由于光球层速度场驱动的MHD的Alfven驻波横穿磁场,导致了对射电辐射的调制。此外,由于这些脉动存在向下的运动,也不排除在一个封闭环或开放场结构中传播的扰动引起振荡的可能性。因为Alfven波的共振与光球层5分钟振荡模式相联系,所以甚长周期的脉动可能来自光球层驱动源的假设,可以说明日冕磁环和光球层之间存在一个互相耦合的可能性。     

日冕磁场和重联的射电信号

总结了近期用射电频谱仪（高时间和高频谱分辨）和野边山射电日像仪（高空间分辨）以及国内外其它空间和地面设备分析日冕磁场和重联的系列工作。主要结论可归纳为：1）在Dulk等人（1982）的近似下自恰计算射电爆发源区磁场的平行和垂直分量，并首次得到该磁场在日面的两雏分布。2）为了考虑非热电子低能截止的影响，必须采用更严格的回旋同步辐射理论来计算。结果表明：低能截止和日冕磁场对计算有明显的影响，而其它参数（包括背景温度、密度、高能截止和辐射方向）的影响均可忽略。因此，对低能截止和日冕磁场必须联立求解。3）射电爆发中的精细结构可能反映了射电爆发源比较靠近粒子加速（磁场重联）的区域，利用高时间和高频率分辨的频谱仪和高空间分辨的日像仪联合分析，可以确定精细结构的源区位置，从而确定粒子加速（磁场重联）的准确时间和地点。     

日冕电子加速的诊断—多频射电高时间分辨率观测结果

一太阳耀斑的约含数千个微耀斑，每个微耀斑以热的，低频波和加速粒子的形成释放能量。耀斑期间大部分能量的释放是通过电子加速转移的 结果，然而电子加速是在耀斑前相开始，并在整个耀斑持续期间继续保持。本文介绍几个典型事件，包括射电尖峰脉冲辐射，类尖峰辐射和短时标漂移结构。     

微波爆发区的日冕磁场研究

回顾了日冕磁的研究历史，介绍了我们首镒提出的日冕磁场的微波诊断方法及其应用的带来的启迪，提出进一步开展日冕磁场及其相关研究的建议。     

射电运动IV型爆发和日冕物质抛射

射电Ⅳ型运动爆发同日冕物质抛射（ＣＭＥｓ）关系极为密切。本文基于对Ⅳ型运动爆发的研究以及ＣＭＥｓ开放场的物理条件,探讨了ＣＭＥｓ形成及抛射的物理条件。由于磁通量突然喷发,能量大量释放,在ＣＭＥ闭合场中的等离子体被加速,导致高能质子和高能电子被大磁环捕获。随着磁环内的热压Ｐ和磁压Ｐｍ的升高,当β〉βＴ时磁环将炸裂,从而产生ＣＭＥｓ。抛射出的未离化的等离子体团将产生等离子体基波与谐波辐射。随着等离子体     

由对偶的Ⅲ型射电爆发观测探讨日冕双向电子束的起源问题

介绍云南和北京天文台射电频谱仪观测到的3个对偶的米波－－微波Ⅲ型爆发，估计了双向电子束起源的频率和高度，3个事件分别揭示了在正向和反向漂移爆发之间的分界频率（约为250，1300和2900MHz),它们指出了一个致密的电子加速源，在这个源中产生了向上和向下两个方向注入的电子束，从这些事例可以表明不同事件的双向电子束的分界频率有一个相当大的范围（250－2900MHz)，而它们的起源范围却是在一个很小的（大约4－100MHz)和不同的频段范围内。最后讨论了日冕磁结构的拓扑范围、电子加速源构造的空间尺度、电子束运动速度和对偶Ⅲ型爆发的产生机制。     

太阳分米波射电快速精细结构的观测分析

通过分析云南天文台（YNO）0.7～1.5GHz太阳射电频谱仪2000年9月至2001年9月取得的158个射电爆发、发现其中约有65%存在4类不同类型的快速精细结构（FFS）；毫秒类峰辐射、Ⅲ型爆发、准周期脉动，慢漂移结构。给出了其中6个典型精细结构的介绍和相关的初步解释。     

日冕物质抛射的低频射电特征

日冕物质抛射(ChIEs)经常被观测到和其他日面活动相伴生，太阳耀斑、日珥爆发、盔状冕流等许多太阳现象，都与它有直接或间接的关系。射电观测是研究CMEs的一种重要的补充工具。多频率的射电成像观测能很好地研究CMEs的初始阶段，而且可以得到关于CMEs触发机制特征的更多信息。概括了CMEs与低频射电的关系，介绍了低频射电的观测仪器，分析了CMEs低频射电所表现出来的特征，考虑了CMEs的初发机制，总结了尚待解决的问题，表明了CMEs研究是基于多类数据和全电磁辐射波段的。     

1998年9月23 日复杂太阳爆发射电联合观测的初步分析

利用北京天文台1998.09.23日1-2GHz和2.6-3.8GHz频谱仪观测到的一个Ⅲ-Ⅳ型复杂大爆发，结合俄罗斯SSRT和德国分米-米波动态频谱仪的观测资料，进行了初步的比对分析，拓展了关于日冕电子加速和日冕磁结构方面的一些研究内容，简单地注释了一些可研究的现象和运动Ⅳ型爆发及多重脉动的辐射机制。     

Are Homologous Radio Bursts Driven by Solar Post-Flare Loops？

Three particularly complex radio bursts (2001 October 19, 2001 April 10 and 2003 October 26) obtained with the spectrometers (0.65-7.6GHz) at the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC, Beijing and Yunnan) and other in- struments (NoRH, TRACE and SXT) are presented. They each have two groups of peaks occurring in different frequency ranges (broad-band microwave and narrow-band decimeter wavelengths). We stress that the second group of burst peaks that occurred in the late phase of the flares and associated with post-flare loops may be homologous radio bursts. We think that they are driven by the post-flare loops. In contrast to the time profiles of the radio bursts and the images of coronal magnetic polarities, we are able to find that the three events are caused by the active regions including main single-bipole magnetic structures, which are associated with multipole magnetic structures during the flare evolutions. In particular, we point out that the later decimetric radio bursts are possibly the radio counterparts of the homologous flares (called "homologous radio bursts" by us), which are also driven by the single-bipole mag- netic structures. By examining the evolutions of the magnetic polarities of sources (17GHz), we could presume that the drivers of the homologous radio bursts are new and/or recurring appearances/disappearances of the magnetic polarities of radio sources, and that the triggers are the magnetic reconnections of single-bipole configurations.     

太阳射电爆发现象中的电子回旋脉泽辐射

太阳射电爆发(Solar Radio Burst, SRB)是太阳高能电子与背景等离子体相互作用产生的感应辐射现象,其多样的动力学谱类型及其复杂的精细结构反映了辐射源区磁等离子体结构状态丰富的物理信息,而相关辐射机制则是解读相关物理信息的关键工具.长期以来,在SRB辐射机制的研究中一直存在着争议不决的两种主要机制,即等离子体辐射机制和电子回旋脉泽(Electron Cyclotron Maser, ECM)辐射机制.近年来,针对传统的ECM辐射机制应用到SRB现象时遇到的一些主要困难,发展了由幂律谱电子低能截止驱动和包含快电子束自生阿尔文波效应的新型ECM驱动模型,并成功应用于解释各类不同SRB动力学谱的形成机制.基于这些新型的ECM辐射模型,系统地总结了ECM辐射机制在各种不同类型SRB现象中的应用,并对它们不同动力学谱结构的形成给出了一致统一的物理解释.     

Statistical Analysis of Decimetric Radio Bursts,Flares, and Coronal Mass Ejections

A statistical analysis of decimetric radio bursts (RBs), X-ray flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is carried out. We consider all radio bursts recorded by the Cracow Solar Radio Telescope from the beginning of 1996 until the end of 2004. It is found that the decimetric radio bursts are associated and strongly correlated with X-ray flares. Correlation coefficients between RBs durations and the maximal fluxes of the radio bursts and flares are found to be 0.60 and 0.87, respectively. We also demonstrated that a significant population of the decimetric radio bursts are associated with CMEs. The correlation coefficient between the maximal radio flux density multiplied by the duration of the RBs versus velocity multiplied by width of CMEs is found to be 0.55.     

一个复杂太阳射电爆发及其微波源和远紫外冕环特征的初步研究

利用太阳射电宽带频谱仪(0．7-7．6GHz)于2001年10月19日观测到的复杂太阳射电大爆发，呈现出许多有趣的特征，结合NoRH(Nobeyama Radio Heliograph)的高空间分辨率射电成像观测及TRACE(Transition Region and Coronal Explorer)在远紫外(EUV)波段的高空间分辨率成像观测资料，分析了该爆发的射电频谱特征和微波射电源的演化以及它们与复杂的EUV日冕环系统的关系，该爆发是一个双带大耀斑的射电表征．前一部分以宽带(从厘米到米波)爆发为主，机制是回旋同步辐射，所对应的是环足源的辐射；后一部分以窄带(分米到米波)分米波爆发为主，机制是等离子体辐射和回旋共振辐射的联合，对应的是环顶源的辐射。     

Observational Evidence for Solar Radio Microflares with Unusual Characteristics

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Resonant Transition Radiation and Solar Radio Bursts

This paper presents general relations for the intensity of the resonant transition radiation (RTR) and their detailed analysis. This analysis shows that the spectrum amplitude of the x-mode at some frequencies for high-energy electrons can grow with the magnetic field increase in some interval from zero value; it can even dominate over that for the o-mode. With further magnetic field increase, the intensity of the RTR x-mode decreases in comparison with the intensity of the o-mode and this decrease is higher for higher velocities of energetic electrons. The polarization of the RTR depends on the velocity of energetic electrons, too. For velocities lower than some velocity limit v<v _i the RTR emission is unpolarized in a broad interval of magnetic field intensities in the radio source. For reasonable values of indices of the power-law distribution functions of energetic electrons, the RTR is broadband in frequencies (df/f≈0.2−0.4). Furthermore, we show various dependencies of the RTR and its spectral characteristics. Assuming the same radio flux of the transition radiation and the gyro-synchrotron one at the Razin frequency, we estimate the limit magnetic field in the radio source of the transition radiation. Then, we analyze possible sources of small-scale inhomogeneities (thermal density fluctuations, Langmuir and ion-sound waves), which are necessary for the transition radiation. Although the small-scale inhomogeneities connected with the Langmuir waves lead to the plasma radiation, which is essentially stronger than RTR, the inhomogeneities of the ion-sound waves are suitable for the RTR without any other radiation. We present the relations describing the RTR for anisotropic distribution functions of fast electrons. We consider the distribution functions of fast electrons in the form of the Legendre polynomials which depend on the pitch-angle. We analyze the influence of the degree of the anisotropy (an increase of the number of terms in the Legendre polynomial) on spectral characteristics of the RTR. A comparison with previous studies is made. As an example of the use of the derived formulas for the RTR, the 24 December 1991 event is studied. It is shown that the observed decimetric burst can be generated by the RTR in the plasma with the density inhomogeneities at the level 〈ΔN ²〉/N ²=2.5⋅10⁻⁵.     

2个二次触发型太阳耀斑的射电时间轮廓及其日冕磁结构

利用国家天文台(北京和昆明)的射电频谱仪(频段为0.65~7.6 GHz)和相关的NoRH/17GHz射电以及TRACE/171 EUV和Yohkoh/SXT的观测资料,分析了2001/04/10和10/19的2个共生精细时间结构的稀有事件,这2个事件的射电爆发时间轮廓和观测特征相似,通过这2个事件的微波(17GHz)偏振观测资料的比较,发现这2个射电爆发均由包含多重(4极)磁结构的复杂活动区引起,特别指出这2个耀斑最后都导致了耀斑后相的分米波射电爆发(第二次触发耀斑),这可能是后环引起的射电爆发。它们都分别对应于双极磁位形,表明这两次触发耀斑是由相似的耀斑模型产生。2个分米波爆发可能是相似(homologous)耀斑的射电表现,可以推测这两次耀斑的驱动器可能皆是磁流浮现或对消(因为源区有新的单或双极出现或消失),而它们的触发器皆是由双极反向Y型位形(具有一个双极拱的单磁流系统)的磁重联,耀斑后环的演化是导致耀斑后相分米波射电爆发的必要条件。我们认为,这双带耀斑对应的宽带射电爆发辐射机制是回旋同步加速辐射过程,而耀斑后相的窄带分米波爆发的辐射机制是等离子体辐射过程。     

Observational Characteristics of Radio Emission Related to Multi-polar Magnetic Configuration

We present a, large complex radio burst and its associated fast tune structures observed on 2001 April 10 in the frequency range of 0.65-7.6 GHz. The NoRH radio image observation shows very complex radio source structures which include preexisting, newly emerging, submerging/cancelling polarities and a bipolar, a tripolar (a 'bipolar + remote unipolar'), and a quadrupolar structure. This suggests that the radio burst is generated from a very complicated loop structure. According to the spectral and image observations, we assume that the beginning of this flare was caused by a single bipolar loop configuration with a 'Y-type' re-connection structure. A composite of radio continuum and fast time structures is contained in this flare. The various fast radio emission phenomena include normal and reverse drifting type III bursts, and slowly drifting and no-drift structures. The tripolar configurations may form a double-loop with a 'three-legged' structure, which is an important source of the various types of fast time structures. The two-loop reconnection model can lead simultaneously to electron acceleration and corona heating. We have also analyzed the behaviors of coronal magnetic polarities and the emission processes of different types radio emission qualitatively. Interactions of a bipolar or multi-polar loop are consistent with our observational results. Our observations favor the magnetic reconnection configurations of the 'inverted Y-type' (bipolar) and the 'three-legged' structures (tripolar or quadrupolar).