微囊藻水华的资源化利用:吸附重金属离子Cu2+、Cd2+和Ni2+的实验研究

为将捞取的微囊藻水华资源化,用作重金属生物吸附剂,本文研究了在不同金属离子浓度和不同pH条件下微囊藻水华对重金属Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附效果.研究结果显示,重金属离子浓度分别为20.00、60.00、100.00和140.00μg/ml时,150 mg干重微囊藻水华对Cu²⁺的去除率分别为67.79%、37.47%、35.93%和34.70%,对Cd²⁺的去除率分别为73.31%、65.87%、60.09%和42.37%,对Ni²⁺的去除率分别为47.89%、31.87%、28.46%和21.61%.在较低的重金属浓度(20.00μg/ml)下,微囊藻对3种重金属的去除率最高.但从单位微囊藻生物量吸附重金属量来看,金属离子初始浓度越高,吸附重金属的总量越高;在相同金属浓度下,微囊藻水华对3种金属的吸附效率:Cd²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺.微囊藻吸附Cu²⁺的最适pH为5.0,Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺均为6.0,20.00μg/ml浓度时去除率分别达到了71.90%、85.67%和55.43%.微囊藻裂解释放的可溶性物质对重金属吸附影响不大.研究结果显示微囊藻水华可作为重金属吸附剂有效地运用于重金属污水处理.     

He4光泵梯度磁强计

一、概述 He~4光泵梯度磁强计是一种精密测量地球磁场总强度的水平梯度和垂直梯度的仪器。它由两套相同的光泵系统组成,并测其差频。 本仪器是用亚稳态He~4(正氦)2~3S_1能级的塞曼子能级间的共振跃迁即“光泵”来实现的。He~4塞曼子能级间的宽度正比于地磁场强度。对于He~42~3S_1态mj=+1能级到mj=0能级间有     

The discovery of TiO2-Ⅱ,the α-PbO2-structured high-pressure polymorph of rutile,in the Suizhou L6 chondrite

We report the discovery of TiO₂-Ⅱ in the unmelted rock of the shocked Suizhou L6 chondrite.Natural TiO₂-Ⅱ was previously found in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic and mantle-derived rocks,terrestrial impact structures,and tektite.Our microscopic,Raman spectroscopic,electron microprobe and transmission electron microscopic investigations have revealed:(1) All observed TiO₂-Ⅱ grains are related with ilmenite and pyrophanite;(2) TiO₂-Ⅱ occurs as needle-and ...     

Cd2+和Cr6+对慈姑（Sagittaria sagittifolia L.）的毒害效应

以水生经济植物慈姑（Sagittaria sagiuifolia L．）为实验材料,通过模拟水体Cd^2＋和Cr^6＋污染环境,研究了两种单一离子处理对慈姑的毒害影响．结果表明：随着水体Cd^2＋、Cr^6＋浓度增大,慈姑叶绿素含量与根细胞质膜透性先升高后降低;Cd^2＋浓度增大,根和叶的POD活性,叶的SOD活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量及根的超氧阴离子（O2^-）产生速率均是先升后降;根和叶的CAT活性、根的SOD活性、MDA含量和叶的O2^＋产生速率则逐渐升高;而Cr^6＋处理时,MDA含量、根的SOD、CAT、POD活性均随浓度增大而升高,O2^-产生速率和叶的SOD、CAT、POD活性则升高后降低;Cd^2＋和Cr^6＋污染都对慈姑产生毒害,其毒害的效应既有相似性又有差异,同浓度条件下根的受害程度比叶严重．     

Variation of the Load/Unload Response Ratio Before the Main Shocks of the Reservoir-Induced Earthquakes

In this paper, the theory of the load/unload response ratio is applied to the prediction of the reservoir-induced earthquakes, and variation of the load/unload response ratio Y preceding the occurrence of main shocks of the reservoir-induced earthquakes in Xinfengjiang, Foziling, Danjiangkou, and Shenwo. The results show that the load/unload response ratio Y rises evidently prior to the main shocks.     

西北地区地震地下流体观测网综合评价

Observation network of ground fluid in northwestern China is comprehensively evaluated as three stages,that is,establishment,adjustment and development.The observation network of ground fluid has already tended to ripe and makes a certain effect in seismologic surveillance and earthquake prediction.But because it is restricted by some conditions,the network action is still limited.Efficacy of seismologic surveillance of the network is synthetically evaluated.The result shows that medium-short term anomalies are observed at sensitive sites in distant field and short-impending anomalies are observed at sensitive sites in close field.     

15km3天然气球罐设计研究及优化

天然气的广泛应用,促进存储容器向大型化发展。以已投产使用的10km³天然气球罐为设计基础,设计建造完全国产化的15km³天然气球罐,利用计算参数建立有限元模型,验证模型的可靠性。建立双层拉杆模型,施加地震荷载及风载,进行动力响应分析及应力分析。为讨论双层拉杆最优位置及直径,建立了5种上下拉杆比例不同的模型,另外每种比例模型设计3种不同拉杆直径。结果表明:在8度设防二类场地地震波的情况下,上层和下层拉杆比例为0.618∶1,直径为50mm的模型对于球罐优化方面优于其他模型,球罐各项参数均显著减小且应力无放大效应。     

湖泛水体沉积物-水界面Fe2+/ΣS2-迁移特征及其意义

湖泊水底Fe~(2+)和ΣS~(2-)浓度的快速增加是湖泛暴发最早发生于沉积物-水界面的主要前提,缺氧环境下水底扩散层附近Fe~(2+)和ΣS~(2-)的迁移是其在沉积物-水界面处稳定积累的重要原因.以蓝藻聚积水体沉积物-水界面为研究对象,应用湖泊过程模拟装置及间隙水被动采样等技术,重点研究了间隙水和底层上覆水中Fe~(2+)和ΣS~(2-)的垂向分布特征,并定量估算了二者的扩散通量及迁移方向.结果表明:湖泛样品水体沉积物-水界面处于典型的还原性环境,表层沉积物间隙水中Fe~(2+)和ΣS~(2-)浓度显著高于对照样品,二者在表层沉积物中积累趋势明显.湖泛水体沉积物-水界面处Fe~(2+)释放通量较高,表现出较强烈的自沉积物向上覆水方向的释放能力;而湖泛样品ΣS~(2-)在沉积物-水界面处释放通量为负,迁移方向为自上覆水向沉积物扩散.Fe~(2+)和ΣS~(2-)在湖泛水体沉积物-水界面处不同的迁移特征证明:缺氧/厌氧条件下,湖泊水体表层沉积物间隙水中高浓度Fe~(2+)向上覆水的扩散为湖泛致黑物质的形成提供了重要的物质基础;底层上覆水及界面水中SO~(2-)4在表层沉积物中被还原,为终端还原产物ΣS~(2-)为湖泛致黑物质的形成提供了另一重要物质来源.     

太阳活动高年上电离层中O+-H+离子过渡高度的特征

本文用日本电离层探测卫星ISS-b的资料,假设F₂层峰顶以上电离层中各类离子随高度呈扩散平衡分布,得到了太阳活动高年（1978年8月-1979年8月）确定顶外电离层电子密度剖面形状的一个重要参数,即O⁺-H⁺离子过渡高度h_T的一些变化特征.指出h_T的日变化特性主要受电离层中O⁺离子的产生与复合作用的控制.太阳活动高年在不同纬度和所有经度区域,平均说来日间h_T为大约1500-2500km变化,而夜间位于800-1400km,冬夜甚至接近中性氢、氧原子的化学平衡高度.过渡高度也表现出明显的纬度关系,在接近±20°的磁赤道地区,h_T基本上不随纬度变化;但在大于±30°磁纬区域h_T随纬度很快增加.义中还就h_T随时间和地磁（或地理）纬度变化的机制作了简要讨论.     

Application of Load/Unload Response Ratio in the Study of Seismicity in the Region of Iran

The variation of Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) against time for earthquakes in Kerman Province, Iran, on February 22, 2005, M6.4 and in Lorestan Province, Iran, on March 31, 2006, M6.1, has been calculated and analysed in this paper. The tempo-spatial scanning of LURR in the region of Iran during January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2006 has been conducted, with 1 year as a time-window, 1 month as a time-step, and the comparison of the LURR anomalous regions in 2004 with the actual earthquakes with M≥5.0 in the next year (2005) is also given, which shows that 11 earthquakes with M≥5.0 occurred in LURR anomalous regions while 12 earthquakes with M≥5.0 in LURR regions in 2005. Furthermore, the seismicity in this region is studied by investigating the evolvement of the anomalous LURR regions.     

中国西北地区强震前地磁短期异常特征分析

Analysing characteristics of geomagnetic anomalies before M_S≥5 earthquakes in recent years in Gonghe basin and at middle east section of Qilian mountains and space-time distribution of the anomalies,geomagnetic short-term prediction indexes before strong earthquakes in northwestern China are studied.The results indicate that various degrees of anomalies of magnetic storm,geomagnetic low-value displacement and correlation coefficients of geomagnetic vertical component between stations appeared before strong earthquakes.Interval from beginning of geomagnetic low-value displacement anomalies to origin time is 10～40 days.Interval from magnetic storm to origin time is three days before and after the dates which are multiple of nine.Coming earthquakes are located at near line of demarcation of the low-value displacement anomalies,or in the anomalous area.If duration of the correlation coefficient anomalies is over 5 months,it is possible that M_S≥5 earthquake occurs in anomalous area.     

地売中多次反射波pPM、pPM2的初步研究

天然地震图上,在P、Pn波的干涉带之后的继至震相中,还有许多未知震相,研究这些波的性质对减少震相分析错误、认识地壳结构和测定震源深度都有着重要意义。     

Application of EDA technology and μClinux operating system in the earthquake precursor instruments

Using Altera's Quartus Ⅱ, Nios Ⅱ IDE and Sopc Builder development tools, the proton precession magnetometer principle host hardware platform is designed in a cyclone Ⅱ series FPGA chip (EP2C35). The proton precession magnetometer principle host core circuit's single-chip system-logic design is achieved by building and configuring the Nios Ⅱ soft-core processor, developing the IO interface and sensor control circuits, programming some hardware units' VHDL code, for example the equal precision cymometer and the DPLL. Through researching the embedded operating system configuration technology and building the NIOS Ⅱ soft-core processor's μClinux cross-compile environment, the μClinux system is transplanted to the NIOS Ⅱ environment. Another important task is writing the device drivers' and user programs' code. Through these work, the design realize the host function and achieve the expected target.

     

基于L1范数的全变分地震信号反褶积优化算法

基于借范数最优化的思想，提出一种基于L¹范数的全变分地震信号反褶积优化算法。该算法基于L¹范数全变分理论构建地震信号重建模型，同时将其转化为符合迭代与交替最小化的求解形式，通过交替方向乘子法设计地震信号的反褶积优化算法。该算法无需考虑反褶积使用的限制条件，可以在含噪声的情况下有效恢复地震信号，同时提高地震信号的分辨率和信噪比。使用该算法对合成信号和野外采集地震数据进行实验，结果表明：该算法提高了子波的主频，拓宽了有效频带，即使在信号受到较重噪声污染时，也可以获得较好的处理结果。     

火星O2(a1Δg)气辉高光谱分辨辐射传输特性研究

1.27μm波段的氧分子近红外气辉是火星大气最重要的气辉辐射之一,该气辉高光谱分辨辐射传输模型的建立对于研制火星探测载荷,反演火星大气的风场温度场与臭氧浓度,以及研究火星空间物理,有重要的科学价值与工程意义.在研究火星大气O₂(a¹Δ_g)气辉光化学反应模型的基础上,提出了O₂(a¹Δ_g)气辉体辐射率的计算方法,并建立了火星大气气辉辐射传输理论;通过与用于研究火星大气特征的光谱学探测仪(Spectroscopy Spectrograph for the Investigation of Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Mars, SPICAM)的实测数据进行对比,验证了所建立的火星O₂(a¹Δ_g)气辉高光谱分辨辐射传输模型的准确性;针对火星与地球大气的O₂(a¹Δ_g)气辉,在体辐射率、自...