耗能段腹板高厚比对Y型偏心支撑钢框架滞回性能影响的试验研究

Y型偏心支撑钢框架是偏心支撑结构中抗震耗能的结构形式之一,为了研究Y型偏心支撑钢框架中耗能梁段腹板高厚比对结构滞回性能的影响,进行了2榀1/3缩尺Y型偏心支撑钢框架的低周反复荷载试验.本文主要介绍了试验过程,分析了Y型偏心支撑钢框架在循环荷载作用下的破坏机理、滞回性能、延性、刚度退化规律以及耗能能力.试验结果表明:Y型偏心支撑钢框架延性好、耗能能力强,耗能梁段腹板高厚比的改变对Y型偏心支撑钢框架强度、刚度以及耗能能力具有较大的影响.耗能梁段腹板高厚比设计得合理,Y型偏心支撑钢框架侧向刚度较大,可以满足在小震或中震作用下的结构变形要求,在大震作用下提供良好的变形能力和耗散地震能量的功能.     

带可替换腹板连接型耗能梁段的恢复力模型研究

带可替换耗能梁段的偏心支撑钢框架具有震后修复方便、经济等优点,但目前国内外学者对该类型的研究很少。为此,设计16组与偏心支撑钢框架采用螺栓连接的腹板连接型耗能梁段,并对16组试件进行数值模拟分析,讨论截面尺寸、耗能长度、加劲肋间距、加劲肋布置以及综合参数等变化参数对腹板连接型耗能梁段在低周往复荷载作用下的滞回性能、骨架曲线的影响,建立腹板连接型耗能梁段简化的恢复力模型。结果表明,影响腹板连接型耗能梁段耗能的主要参数是截面尺寸,建立的恢复力模型与模拟的骨架曲线对比吻合较好,可以为此类耗能梁段弹塑性分析作为参考。     

可更换剪切钢板阻尼器偏心支撑框架分析

针对偏心支撑框架体系耗能梁段震后修复难度大、经济性差的问题,提出了采用剪切钢板阻尼器作为可更换耗能梁段的偏心支撑结构体系。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对国外已完成的可更换耗能梁段偏心支撑试验进行结构分析,验证了有限元建模的正确性,分别对不同腹板宽厚比、腹板钢材屈服强度、腹板加劲肋设置情况下的剪切钢板阻尼器K型、D型偏心支撑钢框架进行结构分析,研究了耗能梁段的变形机制、滞回耗能能力以及局部失稳、局部破坏形态。分析结果表明:剪切钢板阻尼器作为耗能梁段是可行的,阻尼器首先发生屈服,起到了主要耗能作用,在实际工程应用中建议剪切钢板阻尼器腹板宽厚比宜小于30,腹板钢材宜采用软钢及低屈服点钢,采用加劲肋来保证阻尼器不发生平面外屈曲。     

不同支撑形式高强钢组合偏心支撑抗震性能研究

耗能梁段作为偏心支撑结构的耗能元件,在大震作用下通过弹塑性变形吸收地震能量,保护主体结构处于弹性受力状态。现行规范基于强度的设计理论,为了保证耗能梁段进入塑性或破坏,梁柱构件需要进行放大内力设计,导致截面过大,而且基于强度的设计方法很难保证结构的整体破坏状态。目前,抗震设计越来越重视基于性能的设计思想,该方法能够评估结构的弹塑性反应。对于高强钢组合偏心支撑,其中耗能梁段和支撑采用Q345钢,框架梁柱采用Q460或者Q690高强度钢材,高强钢不仅带来良好的经济效益,而且能够推广高强钢在抗震设防区的应用。利用基于性能设计方法设计了4种不同形式的高强钢组合偏心支撑钢框架,包括K形、Y形、V形和D形,考虑4层、8层、12层和16层的影响。通过Pushover分析和非线性时程分析评估该结构的抗震性能,研究结果表明:4种形式的高强钢组合偏心支撑钢框架具有类似的抗震性能,在罕遇地震作用下,几乎所有耗能梁段均参与耗能,而且层间侧移与耗能梁段转角沿高度分布较为均匀。其中:D形偏心支撑具有最大的抗侧刚度,但延性较差,而Y形偏心支撑的抗侧刚度最弱,但延性最佳。     

高强钢组合偏心支撑框架抗震性能研究

高强钢组合K型偏心支撑框架耗能梁段和支撑采用Q345钢,其余构件采用Q460钢,不仅能有效减小构件截面、节约钢材、降低造价,而且有助于推广高强钢的应用。为了比较高强钢组合K型偏心支撑框架与Q345钢K型偏心支撑框架的抗震性能,在试验研究的基础上,设计两组共8个不同层数的高强钢组合K型偏心支撑框架与Q345钢K型偏心支撑框架,并分别对其进行非线性静力推覆分析和动力时程分析,对比分析两种结构形式的承载力、刚度、延性以及地震作用下层间变形能力和耗能梁段。结果表明:在满足抗震性能要求的前提下,相同设计条件下高强钢组合K型偏心支撑框架变形略差于Q345钢K型偏心支撑框架,但是其构件截面较小,可以节省钢材,降低工程造价,具有较高的经济效益。     

高强钢组合D型偏心支撑框架抗震性能分析

高强钢组合偏心支撑结构是梁柱采用高强钢材,耗能梁段采用普通钢材的新型结构体系。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了9个不同层数与钢材强度组合D型偏心支撑框架有限元模型,进行了滞回性能分析。通过与普通钢D型偏心支撑框架结构对比,表明虽然高强钢组合D型偏心支撑的滞回性能略差,但随着结构层数的增加,其延性、耗能能力与普通钢偏心支撑结构的差距逐渐减小,且具有结构承载力高和刚度退化慢的优点,适用于高层结构。同时,由于高强钢构件截面较小,可以大大减少结构用钢量,因此有较高的经济效益。综合各因素考虑,建议在设计9层至14层D型偏心支撑结构时采用高强钢,钢材宜采用Q460。     

扩孔螺栓连接型消能梁段的力学模型及参数研究

当前国家对建筑结构的抗震性能和震后功能恢复能力提出了更高要求。基于短剪切型消能梁段的受剪屈服特性和剪切扩孔型螺栓连接的受剪滑移性能,提出一种新型扩孔螺栓连接型消能梁段,可有效增大消能梁段的延性和耗能能力并同时减小消能梁段的损伤,使带扩孔螺栓连接型消能梁段的新型Y形偏心支撑结构更好地适应当前要求。采用有限元方法详细分析扩孔螺栓连接型消能梁段的滞回性能、破坏模式和耗能机理,由此得到其骨架曲线和力学模型,并阐述其力学模型的影响参数,为相应偏心支撑结构的设计和分析提供理论依据。     

巨型框架-耗能支撑结构的减震性能分析

对巨型框架-耗能支撑结构新体系进行了罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析,研究该体系的减震性能和耗能支撑的不同布置方式对结构的减震效果。结果表明:如果耗能支撑布置位置得当,可以用较少的耗能支撑个数达到较好的减震效果;巨型框架-耗能支撑结构不但可以减少原巨型框架-支撑结构的层间侧移,还可以减少其底部剪力和顶层加速度反应的峰值。     

钢结构抗侧力体系抗震性能对比

常见的钢结构抗侧力体系包括抗弯钢框架、偏心支撑钢框架和钢板剪力墙结构,它们的耗能构件分别为框架梁、耗能梁段以及内填钢板。现行规范采用基于强度的设计方法,不能保证结构的整体破坏模式,无法对各抗侧力体系进行横向比较。采用近年来的性态设计方法,设计了3组10层抗弯框架、偏心支撑钢框架和钢板剪力墙模型,进行了静力弹塑性分析和动力弹塑性分析,对比了各抗侧力体系的承载能力、抗侧刚度、延性、层间侧移分布、破坏模式以及用钢量。对比结果表明:抗弯钢框架承载力和刚度最小,偏心支撑钢框架的延性最好,钢板剪力墙虽然承载力最高,但是延性却是最低。     

螺栓拼接连接可更换耗能梁段-钢框筒结构抗震性能评估

为了增强传统钢框筒结构(Steel framed-tubed structures, SFT)的抗震性能和震后功能可恢复能力,提出了螺栓拼接连接可更换耗能梁段-钢框筒结构(Steel framed-tubed structures with bolt-splice-connected repairable link beams, SFT-RLB)。首先给出了SFT-RLB结构构件的设计方法;然后基于OpenSEES平台提出了整体结构的弹塑性数值模型建模方法,通过子结构试验结果验证了有限元模型的准确性;继而设计了SFT和SFT-RLB结构算例,对比了2种结构的弹性和弹塑性性能;最后采用IDA方法对结构算例的抗地震倒塌能力进行评估。分析结果表明,SFT-RLB结构主要通过耗能梁段发展塑性耗散地震能量代替裙梁端部形成塑性铰,其耗能能力和变形能力均明显优于SFT结构。大震作用下,裙梁中设置的耗能梁段充分进入塑性耗散地震能量,可以有效地减小结构的基底剪力和层间侧移角,从而降低结构的地震作用,减轻主体构件的损伤程度。SFT-RLB的残余层间侧移角小于试验测得的可允许更换残余侧移角,证明结构具有震后...     

消能支撑-方钢管混凝土框架结构抗震性能的试验研究

本文设计了一榀消能支撑框架,方钢管混凝土通过不同频率、不同位移幅值下的水平低周反复荷载试验,验证了消能支撑框架优异的消能能力,提出了相关连接构造的设计建议,为中高层钢结构住宅提供了一种新的抗震设计思路。     

采用纤维模型的钢管混凝土框架-中心支撑结构抗连续倒塌非线性分析

为研究不同形式的中心支撑对钢管混凝土结构抗连续倒塌性能的影响,基于纤维梁模型建立5种钢管混凝土框架-中心支撑结构数值模型,在合理选取钢材和混凝土材料本构模型的基础上,计算不同失效工况下结构的抗连续倒塌非线性动力响应,通过非线性静力加载获得结构的整体刚度和极限承载力。研究结果表明：设置中心支撑均可以提高结构的整体刚度和抗倒塌承载能力,其中对边柱失效工况的提升效果好于中柱失效工况;设置中心支撑提供了新的荷载传递路径,可以有效减小失效柱相邻构件的分配内力;X型支撑在不同失效工况下都能显著提升框架刚度和承载能力,降低失效节点的竖向位移,反斜支撑框架表现出更好的延性和极限承载能力,研究结果可为建筑结构抗连续倒塌设计提供参考。     

Seismic performance of chevron-configured special concentrically braced frames with yielding beams

Current seismic design requirements for special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) in chevron configurations require that the beams supporting the braces be designed to resist the demands resulting from the simultaneous yielding of the tension brace and degraded, post-buckling strength of the compression brace. Recent research, including large-scale experiments and detailed finite-element analyses, has demonstrated that limited beam yielding is not detrimental to chevron braced frame behavior and actually increases the story drift at which the braces fracture. These findings have resulted in new expressions for computing beam demands in chevron SCBFs that reduce the demand in the tension brace to be equal to the expected compressive capacity at buckling of the compression brace. In turn, the resultant force on the beam is reduced as is the required size of the beam. Further study was undertaken to investigate the seismic performance of buildings with SCBFs, including chevron SCBFs with and without yielding beams and X-braced frames. Prototype three- and nine-story braced frames were designed using all three framing systems, that is, chevron, chevron with yielding beams, and X SCBFs, resulting in six building frames. The nonlinear dynamic response was studied for ground motions simulating two different seismic hazard levels. The results were used to characterize the seismic performance in terms of the probability of salient damage states including brace fracture, beam vertical deformation, and collapse. The results demonstrate that the seismic performance of chevron SCBFs with limited beam yielding performs as well as or better than the conventionally designed chevron and X SCBFs.     

屈曲约束支撑钢框架结构影响因素的静力弹塑性分析

为检验抗侧刚度比和支撑布置方式等因素对具有不同总层数的屈曲约束支撑钢框架的抗震性能影响,借助SAP2000软件,探讨6层、12层、18层屈曲约束支撑钢框架结构在抗侧刚度比分别为1、2、3、4、5共五种工况及倒V型和单斜向两种支撑布置方式下的抗震性能。结果表明,屈曲约束支撑钢框架结构基底剪力-顶点位移曲线呈典型的双线性特征;随抗侧刚度比的增大,结构的层间位移角总体上呈降低趋势,基底剪力及支撑轴力增大,顶点水平位移变小,框架所分担的剪力降低;倒V型布置支撑较单斜向布置具有略大的基底剪力、谱加速度,较小的顶点位移、层位移、层间剪力和框架剪力分担率。分析表明,总体上来看,倒V型布置较单斜向布置时支撑框架结构具有略优的抗震性能;抗侧刚度比较支撑布置方式对支撑框架结构抗震性能的影响更为显著。     

Direct displacement-based seismic design of steel eccentrically braced frame structures

This paper details a direct displacement-based design procedure for steel eccentrically braced frame (EBF) structures and gauges its performance by examining the non-linear dynamic response of a series of case study EBF structures designed using the procedure. Analytical expressions are developed for the storey drift at yield and for the storey drift capacity of EBFs, recognising that in addition to link beam deformations, the brace and column axial deformations can provide important contributions to storey drift components. Case study design results indicate that the ductility capacity of EBF systems will tend to be relatively low, despite the large local ductility capacity offered by well detailed links. In addition, it is found that while the ductility capacity of EBF systems will tend to reduce with height, this is not necessarily negative for seismic performance since the displacement capacity for taller EBF systems will tend to be large. To gauge the performance of the proposed DBD methodology, analytical models of the case study design solutions are subject to non-linear time-history analyses with a set of spectrum-compatible accelerograms. The average displacements and drifts obtained from the NLTH analyses are shown to align well with design values, confirming that the new methodology could provide an effective tool for the seismic design of EBF systems.     

Seismic design and test of gusset connections for buckling‐restrained braced frames

The corner gusset plates in a steel braced frame can be subjected to forces not only from the brace but also from the effects of the frame actions. In this study, several finite element models are constructed to analyze the gusset‐to‐beam and gusset‐to‐column interface forces. It is found that the frame actions affect the gusset interface force distributions significantly. A simplified strut model to represent the gusset plate is adopted to evaluate the frame action forces. In addition, the generalized uniform force method is adopted as it provides more freedom for designers to configure the gusset plate shapes than using the uniform force method. In this paper, a performance‐based design method is proposed. The gusset interface force demands take into account the combined effect of the brace maximum axial force capacity and the peak beam shear possibly developed in the frame. The specimen design and key results of a series of full‐scale three‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) hybrid tests are discussed. The gusset interface cracks observed at inter‐story drift greater than 0.03 radians can be well predicted by using the proposed design method. The BRBF tests and analyses confirm that the proposed design method is reasonable. The effectiveness of varying the width of gusset edge stiffeners in reducing the gusset tip stress concentrations is also investigated. This paper concludes with recommendations for the seismic design of BRBF corner gusset plates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SMA-VED混合自复位支撑钢框架地震易损性与风险分析

本文提出了一种新型形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,SMA）-黏弹性阻尼器（ViscoelasticDamper,VED）自复位支撑,设计了普通预应力筋自复位支撑钢框架与SMA-VED自复位支撑钢框架。采用组合模型以及改进材料模型准确模拟了支撑的力学行为,详细讨论了考虑构件失效的模拟方法,通过试验确定了VED的失效应变范围,最后基于概率统计方法进行了易损性分析以及全周期风险分析。研究发现: SMA-VED自复位支撑可显著提升框架抗震性能;倒塌风险以及残余变形超越概率均显著低于普通预应力筋自复位支撑钢框架,下降比例最高超过50%。预应力筋断裂失效导致框架倒塌风险可提高5倍以上; SMA-VED自复位支撑失效会造成残余变形超越概率有所上升但幅度不大。总体来说,SMA-VED自复位支撑钢框架具备更好的地震鲁棒性。     

Seismic performance and new design procedure for chevron‐braced frames

The paper is concerned with the seismic design of steel‐braced frames in which the braces are configured in a chevron pattern. According to EuroCode 8 (EC8), the behaviour factor q, which allows for the trade‐off between the strength and ductility, is set at 2.5 for chevron‐braced frames, while 6.5 is assigned for most ductile steel moment‐resisting frames. Strength deterioration in post‐buckling regime varies with the brace's slenderness, but EC8 adopts a unique q value irrespective of the brace slenderness. The study focuses on reevaluation of the q value adequate for the seismic design of chevron‐braced frames. The present EC8 method for the calculation of brace strength supplies significantly different elastic stiffnesses and actual strengths for different values of brace slenderness. A new method to estimate the strength of a chevron brace pair is proposed, in which the yield strength (for the brace in tension) and the post‐buckling strength (for the brace in compression) are considered. The new method ensures an identical elastic stiffness and a similar strength regardless of the brace slenderness. The advantage of the proposed method over the conventional EC8 method is demonstrated for the capacity of the proposed method to control the maximum inter‐storey drift. The q values adequate for the chevron‐braced frames are examined in reference to the maximum inter‐storey drifts sustained by most ductile moment‐resisting frames. When the proposed method is employed for strength calculation, the q value of 3.5 is found to be reasonable. It is notable that the proposed method does not require larger cross‐sections for the braces compared to the cross‐sections required for the present EC8 method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.