研究地震情况下生命线系统相互作用的综合方法

分析了生命线系统相互作用的机理，给出了系统相互作用的分类方法和分类结果，并对各类生命线系统相互作用的研究方法进行了系统的总结和分析．对于功能型系统相互作用，提出了一种综合性的研究方法．另外，还给出了一个基于WebGIS的多生命线系统震后恢复辅助决策方法．同时，对生命线系统相互作用的研究难点和应用前景进行了探讨．      

Reliability upgrading of lifeline networks for post-earthquake serviceability

Efficient procedures for reliability upgrading of existing lifeline networks for post-earthquake serviceability are presented. A simple method is developed to determine critical components of the network whose strengthening improves the network reliability for specified serviceability criteria. Measures of effectiveness of strengthening each component are also introduced. Based on critical components and measures of effectiveness, step-by-step upgrading procedures are proposed. Both connectivity and minimum-flow serviceability criteria may be specified. Two upgrading objectives considered are achieving a specified target reliability and reducing the total costs of upgrading plus expected losses due to failure of the lifeline. A hypothetical application to a water-distribution system in the San Francisco Bay Area illustrates the proposed method.     

A recursive decomposition algorithm for network seismic reliability evaluation

A new probabilistic analytical approach to evaluate seismic system reliability of large lifeline systems is presented in this paper. The algorithm takes the shortest path from the source to the terminal of a node weight or edge weight network as decomposition policy, using the Boolean laws of set operation and probabilistic operation principal, a recursive decomposition process then could be constructed. For a general weight network, the modified Torrieri method (NTR/T method) is introduced to combine with the suggested algorithm. Therefore, the recursive decomposition algorithm may be applied to evaluate the seismic reliability of general lifeline systems. A series of case studies, including a practical district electric power network system and a large urban water supply system, show that the suggested algorithm supplies a useful probabilistic analysis means for the seismic reliability evaluation of large lifeline systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生命线工程系统中运行设施元件可靠性的分析研究

本文研究了生命线工程系统中运行设施的元件破坏状态和可靠性分析方法，给出元件的破坏状态分级标准、判断准则和元件可靠度的计算方法，这对建立一个实用的生命线工程抗震能力分析的专家系统是十分有意义的。     

供电网络系统的可靠性分析

研究了生命线工程系统中供电网络系统的可靠性分析方法。在元件可靠性分析的基础上,进行供电网络系统工程地震可靠性分析,提出了供电网络系统功能失效分级及失效等级的判定方法,并建立了功能失效系数的概念,给出了供电网络系统功能失效系数的计算方法,从而实现了供电网络系统功能失效分析的定量化。     

埋地生命线管道系统智能监测的初步研究

智能材料在土木工程和防灾减灾工程中的应用是未来土木工程和减灾科学领域发展的重要方向，本文对光纤传感技术在埋地生命线管道系统抗震防灾方面的作用作了初步的研究。对光纤传感器应用于埋地生命线系统中存在的主要问题作了分析，提出了实施埋地生命线系统智能监测的方案。     

An improved cut-based recursive decomposition algorithm for reliability analysis of networks

In this paper,an improved cut-based recursive decomposition algorithm is proposed for lifeline networks.First,a complementary structural function is established and three theorems are presented as a pr...     

基于脆性理论的灾害作用下生命线系统耦联分析

一个城市或地区的承灾能力主要看其基础设施的承灾能力,其中最重要的一个部分就是生命线系统的承灾能力。在分析评价生命线系统承灾能力时,不仅要考察复杂性、均衡性和可靠性这些网络特征,还要考虑各子系统间的关联性。这种关联对生命线系统整体的承灾能力有削弱作用。根据复杂系统脆性理论的思想和脆性联系熵的方法,提出了用系统综合脆性联系熵来反映和评价生命线系统整体的关联特性,并通过判断各子系统间的相互影响关系,量化了生命线系统整体的易损性。经耦联关系分析和计算,灾害破坏下,从生命线系统相互作用来看,电力系统受其他子系统的影响最大;而由于供水系统的关键性和其影响方式的不确定性,灾后首先要恢复的是供水系统的工作或供给。证明了该方法为优化系统组织管理、控制灾后的修复工作和协调子系统间的关系提供了依据。     

震害预测中生命线工程网络的图形简化

震害预测中生命线工程系统网络的图形简化最重要的是选择有工程意义的预测对象。由于生命线工程系统网络图的简化规则和形成图方法不同，简化的图形可以归为两类：一类是“物理图”；一类是“线形图”。     

Multi‐scale system reliability analysis of lifeline networks under earthquake hazards

Recent earthquake events evidenced that damage of structural components in a lifeline network may cause prolonged disruption of lifeline services, which eventually results in significant socio‐economic losses in the affected area. Despite recent advances in network reliability analysis, the complexity of the problem and various uncertainties still make it a challenging task to evaluate the post‐hazard performance and connectivity of lifeline networks efficiently and accurately. In order to overcome such challenges and take advantage of merits of multi‐scale analysis, this paper develops a multi‐scale system reliability analysis method by integrating a network decomposition approach with the matrix‐based system reliability (MSR) method. In addition to facilitating system reliability analysis of large‐size networks, the multi‐scale approach enables optimizing the level of computational effort on subsystems; identifying the relative importance of components and subsystems at multiple scales; and providing a collaborative risk management framework. The MSR method is uniformly applied for system reliability analyses at both the lower‐scale (for link failure) and the higher‐scale (for system connectivity) to obtain the probability of general system events, various conditional probabilities, component importance measures, statistical correlation between subsystem failures and parameter sensitivities. The proposed multi‐scale analysis method is demonstrated by its application to a gas distribution network in Shelby County of Tennessee. A parametric study is performed to determine the number of segments during the lower‐scale MSR analysis of each pipeline based on the strength of the spatial correlation of seismic intensity. It is shown that the spatial correlation should be considered at both scales for accurate reliability evaluation. The proposed multi‐scale analysis approach provides an effective framework of risk assessment and decision support for lifeline networks under earthquake hazards. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

耗能－隔震柔性底层钢管混凝土结构的振动台实验和损伤分析

本文采用人工神经元网络理论，对城市公路网络中的单元路段和桥梁的震害预测进行了探讨。在前人研究的基础上，提出了解决这一非确定性问题的一个有效的方法，对于深入研究生命线工程系统震害的规律具有普遍的意义，从而使我们有可能避免地震造成的破坏和最大限度地减小损失，为抗震减灾提供决策依据。     

Minimal cut-based recursive decomposition algorithm for seismic reliability evaluation of lifeline networks

In this paper, a new probabilistic analytical approach, the minimal cut-based recursive decomposition algorithm (MCRDA), is presented to evaluate the seismic reliability of large-scale lifeline systems. Based on the minimal cut searching algorithm, the approach calculates the disjoint minimal cuts one by one using the basic procedure of the recursive decomposition method. At the same time, the process obtains the disjoint minimal paths of the system. In order to improve the computation efficiency, probabilistic inequality is used to calculate a solution that satisfies the prescribed error bound. A series of case studies show that MCRDA converges rapidly when the edges of the systems have low reliabilities. Therefore, the approach can be used to evaluate large-scale lifeline systems subjected to strong seismic wave excitation.     

生命线工程网络抗震可靠性算法研究

现代城市的迅速发展对生命线工程系统依赖性逐渐增强。地震后生命线工程系统的性能直接决定了灾后生活和生产的恢复以及抢险工作的进行,因此对生命线工程系统进行地震作用下的可靠性分析具有十分重要的意义。本文中主要介绍2种求解大型网络抗震可靠度算法———最小路递推分解算法和最小割递推分解算法。在此基础上,利用这2种算法对沈阳市供气系统进行了分析。研究结果表明,合理选择使用这2种算法可以有效的进行不同地震烈度条件下的大型生命线工程系统的可靠性分析。     

基于改进的风险矩阵法的生命线网络地震脆弱性分析

生命线网络的脆弱性不单单只表示地震发生后对网络作用而产生的后果,还应该包括网络的连通情况。本文在重新确定生命线网络脆弱性定义的基础上,运用风险评估理论中的风险矩阵方法综合考虑生命线网络的连通性能和失效后果两个方面来评价生命线网络的脆弱性,并以一个供气管网为例说明改进的风险矩阵法评价生命线网络脆弱性的有效性和合理性,找出供气管网中脆弱性等级最高的节点,分析其脆弱性等级最高的原因,以便于重点保护,并降低网络的脆弱性。     

Decomposition algorithms for system reliability estimation with applications to interdependent lifeline networks

Reliability and risk assessment of lifeline systems call for efficient methods that integrate hazard and interdependencies. Such methods are computationally challenged when the probabilistic response of systems is tied to multiple events, as performance quantification requires a large catalog of ground motions. Available methods to address this issue use catalog reductions and importance sampling. However, besides comparisons against baseline Monte Carlo trials in select cases, there is no guarantee that such methods will perform or scale well in practice. This paper proposes a new efficient method for reliability assessment of interdependent lifeline systems, termed RAILS, that considers systemic performance and is particularly effective when dealing with large catalogs of events. RAILS uses the state‐space partition method to estimate systemic reliability with theoretical bounds and, for the first time, supports cyclic interdependencies among lifeline systems. Recycling computations across an entire seismic catalog with RAILS considerably reduces the number of system performance evaluations in seismic performance studies. Also, when performance estimate bounds are not tight, we adopt an importance and stratified sampling method that in our computational experiments is various orders of magnitude more efficient than crude Monte Carlo. We assess the efficiency of RAILS using synthetic networks and illustrate its application to quantify the seismic risk of realistic yet streamlined systems hypothetically located in the San Francisco Bay Region.     

城市地震灾害综合易损性分析方法探讨

从建筑结构、生命线系统、经济系统、人群4个方面分析了城市的易损性,并分别讨论了各个因素的易损性分析方法,同时介绍了ULEDRI综合指数法,最后以杭州市为例初步评价了杭州市中心6区的相对易损程度。     

一种生命线工程地震直接经济损失预测的改进算法——以水池和供水管网为例

生命线工程对区域内的经济和社会功能维系起到重要作用,一旦遭到地震破坏,将带来巨大的经济损失和诸多次生的负面影响。因此,生命线工程的地震损失评估工作是十分重要的。针对传统的生命线工程地震直接经济损失预测的计算方法时常会带来的缺乏区分度的问题,利用线性插值法,提出了一种改进公式。并以水池和供水管网为例,进行了计算和比对。证明了改进方法具有以下优点:能够克服传统方法缺乏区分度的问题,对某一地震破坏等级对应的震害指数的变化导致预测结果展现出足够的区分度;足够简便,不会带来过多的运算量上升;没有引入新的概念,能够较好地融入现有震害评估体系。     

基于网络的山东地震灾情收集分析处理系统

本系统借助网络资源,把人们对地震的感觉、看到建筑物震害程度、以及地表破坏和生命线破坏现象迅速地收集、处理和分析,这样可以快速验证和修正地震应急指挥系统基于地震应急数据库给出的地震影响和灾情评估结果,为地震的应急指挥决策提供更可靠的基础.并阐述了主要基于J2EE体系结构的灾情收集分析处理系统的基本构架,介绍了适用于该系统的关键技术,同时给出在ORACLE、Weblogic和WebGIS平台上的C/S及B/S实现的解决方案.     

跨断层隔震管道管端与土体相互作用分析

断层错动是造成埋地管道破坏的重要因素之一,因此,跨断层埋地管道在断层错动下的破坏机制、模型设计与参数分析和管道抗断层措施一直是生命线工程的前沿问题。对跨断层管道内力分析取得的成果较多,比较经典的是Newm ark-Hall方法、Kennedy方法和王汝梁方法,后来又出现基于壳模型的有限元分析方法。现有的管道抗断层措施具有其优点的同时亦有其不足。本文基于壳模型的有限元动力数值模拟,对一种管道跨断层隔震措施进一步研究,考虑管端与土体相互作用计算隔震管段的断层错动响应。计算结果表明拉应变容易在土中的管段传递,相比较而言,压应变不容易在土中的管段传递;最大拉应变降低比较多,最大压应变降低比较少。根据分析结果,对跨断层隔震管段边界条件的选取提出建议。     

地震地质灾害对广州市部分城区工程环境的影响分析

通过震害预测研究,探明地震地质灾害源,应用地理信息系统掌握地震地质灾害源空问分布情况,分析其对工程环境的影响范围和影响程度,有助于政府制定防震减灾规划和城市建设与改造。针对广州市部分城区的地震地质灾害源、建筑物、生命线工程、地震次生灾害源的分布情况,应用基于GIS平台的防震减灾信息管理与地震应急辅助决策系统,分析了该区内地震地质灾害破坏对建筑物、生命线工程和地震次生灾害源的影响。结果表明,城市中的建筑物、生命线工程和地震次生灾害源不同程度地受到地震地质灾害的影响。