山东芝罘湾附近海域浅地层结构特征

通过分析与研究烟台芝罘湾附近海域420 km浅地层剖面资料及6个钻孔岩心资料,划定了芝罘湾附近海底浅地层层序,并讨论了该研究区海洋地质灾害分布及影响.运用层序地层学和地震地层学的方法,结合钻孔信息对地层反射界面进行了划分,结果显示研究区海域浅地层可划分为5个海陆相交互地层单元,代表了本区浅地层自晚更新世以来经历的3次海...     

芝罘湾近期沉积物中重金属元素记录

通过测定沉积物柱状样中重金属含量,结合210Pb测年资料,高分辨率地研究了芝罘湾近年来的重金属污染历史。结果表明:芝罘湾海域以Cd,Pb,Zn等3种重金属元素的污染状况最为严重,且是多年富集趋势;Hg元素污染程度近年来有上升趋势;芝罘湾重金属污染分3个阶段:1997年以前为污染呈持续增高阶段,1998为截污下降阶段,1999年以来为快速增高阶段。城市陆源污染物排放、港口建设和船舶排污对芝罘湾的环境变化有巨大影响。芝罘湾海域水动力条件较弱,不利于污染物质扩散,更需重视强化保护湾内水质工作。     

烟台市芝罘湾软土地基工程地质特征及处理技术探讨

在对芝罘湾区域工程地质条件分析的基础上,研究了芝罘湾软土地基类型与工程地质特征,并探讨了软土地基的处理技术.     

山东芝罘湾表层沉积物重金属含量与环境质量评价

采取烟台芝罘湾海域110个海底表层沉积物样品,对其进行重金属(Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Ni)元素分析,研究其空间分布特征及污染情况。结果显示,烟台市芝罘湾海域重金属污染物基本集中在芝罘岛周边一带,而莱山及牟平以东海域重金属含量较低。重金属含量等值线大致平行于海岸。本文环境质量评价方法主要为综合污染指数法等。评价结果显示,研究区大部分海域环境质量较好,特别是莱山区及牟平区近海海域达到了清洁级别,芝罘岛周边海域污染级别为轻污染-污染,芝罘岛西部小范围海域达到重污染级别。此外,相关分析表明重金属分布受粒径大小的影响比较显著,个别重金属元素之间也具有一定的相关性。本研究首次对芝罘湾海域底质重金属环境质量进行客观评价,能准确地切入地方需求,为服务地方经济建设及海洋生态文明建设作出了重要贡献。     

半封闭海湾固有振动周期的数值计算

用二维数值模式,根据芝罘湾的实测水深和形状,计算了该湾的固有振动周期,与实测资料吻合较好。计算结果同时给出了当节点N=1,2,...,6时,湾内的振幅分布（合波长、波节线分布）,以及纵振动和横振动分布情况。     

烟台芝罘湾流场特征的分析

基于1982年4～6月海流观测资料,本文分析了芝罘湾流场的基本特征。结果表明,流场以潮流为主。整个海湾,湾口流速最大,湾底流速较小。除湾中央区外,潮流基本属于往复流型。与潮流相比,余流较小,量值大多为7cm/s左右。     

芝罘湾底质环境因子对底栖动物群落结构的影响

根据１９９３年８月所做的芝罘湾环境调查资料,选取底栖生物中的甲壳类,软体动物,棘皮动物,多毛类及其中１０个代表种与１２项环境因子进行了典型生物种类与环境因子间的多元回归分析,对重金属和石油在生物体的累积以及一些环境污染的指示生物进行讨论,并与该海域历史资料对比分析,结果表明,该海域环境因子的变化导致底栖动物群落组成的变化。     

基于遥感和GIS的烟台芝罘湾海岸线变迁研究

利用RS和GIS技术,提取了1976-2016年间9个时相的芝罘湾海岸线的时空分布信息,从海岸线和海湾形态两个方面出发,分析了在人类开发活动影响下典型陆连岛地区海岸线的时空变化特征及趋势。结果表明:近40 a来,芝罘湾海岸线整体向海推进,海岸线长度整体增加了15.78 km;岸线结构变化显著,自然岸线比例持续减少,人工岸线逐渐占据主导地位;3个分岸段变化不均衡,芝罘湾西岸岸线变化最显著,而南岸变化相对较小;海湾面积逐渐向海萎缩,自1976年以来海湾面积减少了7.93 km^2。海湾形状指数增加了1.08,海湾形状整体趋于复杂化;海湾重心总体上表现为不断背离陆地而趋向海洋的特点,近40 a来海湾重心整体向海偏移了606.25 m。岸线分形维数整体增大,说明岸线趋于复杂化。     

近40年芝罘湾岸线时空演变及围填海活动评价

利用1975、1985、1995、2005和2015年5期Landsat影像对烟台芝罘湾海岸线40年的时空变化进行了分析,在此基础上,对围填海活动进行开发强度评价和潜力预测,结果表明,(1)40年间,芝罘湾岸线以向海方向运动为主,岸线长度增加13.09 km,湾顶部岸线变化强烈,海湾面积以大约0.19 km2/a的速度持续缩小;(2)岸线类型已由最初自然岸线为主转变为以人工岸线占绝对优势,其中,港口、码头类型岸线长度增速为0.52km/a,是引起岸线向海变化的主要岸线类型;(3)沿岸开发活动长期以围填海为主导,利用强度持续增强。至2015年,芝罘湾围填海可利用面积约为2.57 km2,照目前的开发速度,预计大约15~16 a后到达围填海潜力极限,节约、集约用海尤为重要。     

围填海对芝罘湾潮流场和纳潮量的影响研究

本文基于MIKE21水动力数值模型,以1985年、1993年、2010年和2017年4个时期为代表年份,定量识别了芝罘湾围填海工程引起的潮流场及纳潮量的变化情况。结果表明:(1)流场:潮流以往复流运动为主,湾口流速最大可达32.99 cm/s,湾底流速较小,最大为9.49 cm/s,湾口流速远大于湾底流速。围填海工程使湾内流速发生了明显变化,湾内9个代表点位的流速均有所减小,湾口流速变化率较小,湾顶流速变化率较大,2017年湾底流速相比于1985年最高减小量达到39%。(2)纳潮量:芝罘湾在围填海前后4个时期的纳潮量分别为4.701×10~(7 )m~3、4.469×10~(7 )m~3、3.854×10~(7 )m~3和3.690×10~(7 )m~3,对比发现,围填海工程的进行使湾内面积持续减小,纳潮量也持续减小,1985-2017年减小了21.51%,围填海工程弱化了芝罘湾的水动力条件。     

非量测相机制约迭代检校法及水下测量应用

传统的非量测相机检校方法大多依赖于高精度的室内或室外控制场,并对检校环境有较严格的要求。故提出了一种完全抛开控制点的新的相机检校方法,即线面角制约的相机迭代检校法。将该方法分别应用于陆地和水下环境,并与有控制点的相机迭代检校法进行对比分析,试验结果表明新方法的检校精度均小于1个像素,在陆地环境下,新方法的检校精度优于有控制点的相机迭代检校法。同时利用新方法进行了水下三维重建和量测,量测精度达到亚毫米级。试验结果表明新方法具有较好的灵活性和适应性,在多个环境下具有实际应用的价值。     

油气成藏期研究方法

目前可用于确定油气成藏期的方法有多种,各有其优缺点.重点介绍了储层岩石学、流体包裹体分析、油气水界面追溯、油储磁性矿物古地磁学、油田卤水碘同位素及储层矿物沥青等方法的原理,评述了不同方法的有效性与局限性,认为不同方法结合使用可以实现油气成藏期的精确厘定.     

联合M-W组合和电离层残差组合的周跳探测与修复方法

针对电离层残差法和TyrboEdit方法在周跳探测与修复方面的不足,提出了联合利用M-W组合观测值和电离层残差组合观测值进行周跳处理的方法.通过对高采样机载GPS动态测量数据的计算分析,提出的方法可探测出电离层残差法和TurboEdit方法各自不能探测的周跳,同时联合利用两种组合进行周跳偏差的估计,可以得到精确的周跳估...     

A new scheme of nonlinear energy transfer among wind waves: RIAM method-algorithm and performance-

A numerical scheme for calculating the nonlinear energy transfer among wind waves (RIAM method) was developed on the basis of the rigorous method of Masuda. Then the performance of the RIAM method was examined by applying it to various forms of wind-wave spectra and different situations of wind-wave evolution, in comparison mainly with the WAM method. The computational time of the Masuda method was reduced by a factor of 300 by the RIAM method, which is still 2000 times slower than the WAM method simply because the RIAM method processes thousands of resonance configurations whereas the WAM method does only one. The RIAM method proves to give accurate results even for spectra of narrow band widths or bimodal spectra, whereas the WAM method often calculates an unrealistic magnitude and pattern of nonlinear energy transfer functions. In the duration-limited evolution of wind-wave spectra, the RIAM method yields a unimodal directional distribution on the low-frequency side of the spectral peak, whereas the WAM method produces a spurious bimodal one there. At higher frequencies, however, both methods give a bimodal directional distribution with two oblique maxima. The RIAM method enhances the growth of the total energy and peak period of wind waves in comparison with the WAM method. Nevertheless, Toba's constant of his 3/2-power law approaches almost the same standard value of 0.06 in both methods. For spectra of a narrow band width or for those perturbed by a small hump or depression, the RIAM method tends to recover the monotonic smoother form of spectrum whereas the WAM method often yields unrealistic humps or depressions.     

GPS信号捕获中的数据预处理方法研究

基于FFT的算法可以快速捕获GPS信号,成为一种经典捕获算法,为了进行FFT运算必须对数据进行预处理,以适应基2-FFT运算要求。仿真分析了平均采样法、脉冲重采样法和SINC函数插值法三种数据预处理算法,表明SINC函数插值方法信噪比损失较小,采用查找表方式对该方法进行了现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）具体实现,给出了详细设计过程,结果显示该方法占用资源少、效率高。     

Efficient computation of cross-spectral densities in the stochastic modelling of waves and wave loads

A new method is presented for efficient calculation of auto- and cross-spectral densities in the stochastic modelling of ocean waves and wave loads. As part of the short-term response analyses, the method may contribute to more efficient long-term response prediction. Specifically the cross-spectral densities of the first order wave excitation forces are considered, but the method is straightforwardly generalized to other cross-spectral densities, e.g. for wave elevation, wave kinematics or second order loads. The method can be used with any choice of directional spreading function, but special attention is given to the commonly used cos-2s type directional distribution. In addition to the development of the new method, the traditional method using the trapezoidal rule for numerical quadrature is improved by developing an adaptive way of choosing the number of integration points. The accuracy of the adaptive method and the new method is investigated, revealing rapid convergence for both methods. However, the new method appears more robust as it avoids so-called spurious hat errors. When applied to two different pontoon type floating bridges the adaptive method and the new method both achieve a great improvement in computational effort compared to the traditional trapezoidal rule method. When the dimensions of the floating bridge increase, i.e. the number of pontoons and their relative distances increase, the new method is superior with respect to computation time.     

基于LM方法的单位四元数光束法平差模型解算

以单位四元数描述遥感影像共线条件方程,建立基于单位四元数的光束法平差模型。针对共线条件方程的非线性问题,基于LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)方法解算单位四元数光束法平差模型,并引入丹麦法实现无人机影像外方位元素的抗差估计。基于仿真数据和无人机影像对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:与基于单位四元数的无初值依赖算法进行比较,LM方法具有与单位四元数法相当的可靠性;引入丹麦法方法后可消除粗差观测值对参数估计的不利影响,得到较高精度的外方位元素估值。     

Plane wave fitting of the internal tidal sea-surface height signatures extracted from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data along satellite tracks

The sea-surface height (SSH) signatures of internal tides extracted from the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) altimeter data along satellite tracks are fitted with superposition of several plane waves which have different wavenumber vectors. The key problem of plane wave fitting with iterative method is how to determine the initial value of wavenumber of each plane wave. The previous solving method is to analyze the internal tidal SSH signatures along each track with wavenumber spectrum. But it is found that the problem cannot be solved completely with the wavenumber spectrum analysis method only. The method based on the combination of wavenumber spectrum analysis method and the exhaustive method is proposed to determine the initial values of wavenumbers for iteration. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method is not only reasonable and feasible but also better than the previous method. The proposed method is an improvement of the previous one, which is beneficial to improving the precision of plane wave fitting of the T/P internal tidal SSH signatures and deepening the understanding of the internal tides in ocean.     

正交潮响应分析法与调和分析法在验潮站潮汐资料分析中的对比研究

根据Munk和Cartwright(1966)提出的响应法与Groves和Renolds(1975)作的正交潮改进,本文利用正交潮响应分析法和调和分析法的混合模型对某验潮站长期潮汐资料进行了分析。将分析结果与调和分析法作对比,结果表明正交潮响应分析法与调和分析法精度基本相同。关于长周期分潮、辐射潮和浅水分潮的正交响应有待进一步研究。     

Rain-Flow and Reverse Rain-Flow Counting Method for the Compilation of Fatigue Load Spectrum

The rain-flow counting method is widely used to compile the fatigue load spectrum. The second stage counting of the rain-flow method is a troublesome process. In order to overcome this drawback, the rain-flow and reverse rain-flow counting method is proposed in this paper. In this counting method, the rule for counting of the rain-flow method is modified, so that the sequence of load-time need not be adjusted. This is a valid and useful method to count cycles and compile the load spectrum and it can be widely used in ocean engineering.