地震地下流体观测井水文地质参数的确定

地下流体观测是地震监测预报的一项重要工作。地震地下流体观测井通常为承压单井,需要通过单井试验确定观测含水层的水文地质参数。在湖北省武汉和黄梅地震地下流体观测井分别进行了非稳定流水位恢复试验和微水试验,确定了观测含水层的水文地质参数,取得了较好的效果。鉴于渗透系数K反映了含水岩层的物理状态,建议将其动态变化纳入地震地下流体的监测体系。     

福建省地震局地震地下流体前兆观测现状与“十五”数字化改造进展

本文主要介绍我省地震地下流体前兆观测台网的现状 ,并对已完成地下流体前兆观测“十五”数字化改造的台站和测项进行分析 ,阐述了地下流体数字化改造中存在的问题。     

地震流体地球化学应用研究概述

综述了近几年国内外有关流体地球化学异常与地震活动、土壤气监测断裂构造活动与火山喷发以及深部流体地球化学研究方面的成果。多项研究表明,地下气体的映震能力较高,研究断层土壤气地球化学特征随时间的变化,可进一步研究地震动力学特征,从而为震情判定提供依据。因此加强断层土壤气测量来监测断裂活动,是探索地震前兆与地震预测的重要途径,是今后地震地下流体的研究方向。深部流体是地球各大圈层相互作用中最活跃因素,对地球深部构造活动起重要作用,可为地震预报提供有力依据。因此对其地球化学特征及运移机制的研究应给予充分重视。     

芦山地震（MS 7.0）前甲烷释放与大气增温异常

汶川地震(MS 8.0)后甲烷等流体在地震中所起的作用引起国内外学者广泛关注,但是目前的观测研究中所用的数据多来源于地面或地下基站,站点分布零散,维护困难,难以开展大范围的实时监测。文中利用美国Aqua卫星红外探测器（AIRS）反演出的甲烷浓度数据,研究了芦山MS 7.0级地震前龙门山地区甲烷浓度的变化与震前大气增温异常的关系。研究表明,该探测器可以观测到震前地下甲烷的释放,为地震前兆监测提供新途径;芦山地震前甲烷释放受断裂带控制明显,主要集中于龙门山断裂、荥经-马边断裂和金坪断裂及其周边;震前大气增温异常与甲烷释放关系密切。最后探讨了地下甲烷等流体的释放机理,认为甲烷等流体的释放与地震前上地壳岩石中裂隙的发育和扩展有直接关系。     

2009年度地下流体学科观测资料质量全国统评会暨学科技术协调组与管理组工作会在广西南宁召开

2010年5月11～15日在广西南宁召开了2009年度地下流体学科观测资料质量全国统评会暨学科技术协调组与管理组工作会,此次会议得到了广西自治区地震局的大力支持和协助。出席会议的有中国地震局地壳应力研究所副所长阮晓龙,广西地震局局长高荣胜、副局长龙安明等领导,学科技术协调组全体成员、管理组全体成员以及各省局监测预报管理或台站监测人员代表等60余人参加了会议。地下流体学科组组长刘耀炜研究员主持开幕式,广西地震局龙安明副局长致开幕词。地     

福州地区地震地下流体观测井水位映震能力分析

福州地区目前有9口地震地下流体数字化综合观测井,主要测项有水位、水温;辅助测项有气压、降雨量。几年来,仪器运行正常,观测资料连续可靠,尤其是水位测项对于省内及其沿海4级以上地震以及远震有明显的震后效应本文着重探讨这些观测井对智利8．8级地震的反应能力。     

我国地震地下流体观测的现状和趋势

在过去的30多年中,我国地震地下流体观测经历了"创建阶段—发展阶段—提高阶段"到目前开始的"全面现代化阶段",形成了国家级基本台(网)、省级区域台(网)与县市级地方台(网)三类台(网),记录到了具有丰富科学内涵的海量数据,为相关的灾害、环境、资源问题的分析和研究提供了重要的科学依据。"九五"期间,完成了对全国114个台站以水位、水温(地热)、氡(Rn)与汞(Hg)观测为主的数字化改造。"十五"和以后更长一段时间内,计划大规模推广地下流体数字化观测技术,建设三个"前兆台阵",初步建立流动观测系统,完善与健全学科台网中心,建立学科观测技术质检中心,并就地震地下流体观测中的一些基本科学技术问题进行研究,使我国地震地下流体观测沿着"台网(站)布设科学化,测项配套合理化,监测技术系统自动化和现代化,观测规范化和观测数据质量评价定量化"的方向稳步发展。     

福建流体台网对印尼8级巨震的响应特征

本文分析了福建地下流体对印尼8级巨震的响应特征。     

“十五”期间福建区域数字强震观测系统建设

本文介绍十五期间福建省将要实施建设的数字强震观测台网 ,着重从项目的必要性和方案的可行性方面进行论述 ,同时结合福建省的地震监测台网现状进行系统的设计。力求建成的强震观测系统能初步实现福建省属重点城市的地震烈度速报及典型场地强地震动记录获取双重功能 ,增强福建省的地震监测能力 ,为福建省地震灾害的减轻、有效救灾措施的实施以及防震减灾规划的制定提供基础依据 ;同时 ,也将为其他省市区域数字强震观测台网的建立提供示范样板     

基于地震孕震物理模式的地下流体前兆空间分布特征分析

正地震预报是一门观测科学,所使用的观测资料是研究的基础,观测资料不仅需要有明确的可研究的科学意义,还需要在时空上连续可靠,形成一种场的前兆信息。利用地表自由逸出气体和溶解于水及吸附于土壤中气体浓度变化来监测预报地震是当前国内外广泛采用的地震预报方法之一,因此,对于地下流体地震前兆的研究应该有一种科学的新的思维。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861