均布荷载作用下跨中布置侧向扭转支撑简支梁弯扭屈曲分析

基于板—梁理论,建立均布荷载作用下跨中布置侧向扭转支撑的双轴对称工字形简支梁弯扭屈曲的总势能方程,其中侧向位移和转角模态试函数选用6项三角级数形式。引入量纲一的参数,根据势能驻值原理,获得简支梁弯扭屈曲的量纲一的临界弯矩解析解。采用1stOpt优化分析软件,拟合简支梁弯扭屈曲量纲一的临界弯矩计算公式,并与ANSYS有限元解进行对比。结果表明:量纲一的临界弯矩计算公式的理论解与有限元解吻合较好,误差在±5%以内,可为工程设计提供参考。     

集中荷载作用下扭转支撑悬臂梁弯扭屈曲分析

采用能量变分法,建立集中荷载作用下扭转支撑悬臂钢梁弯扭屈曲的总势能方程,选取6项三角级数表达的位移函数和转角函数,引入无量纲参数,计算扭转支撑悬臂钢梁弯扭屈曲的无量纲临界弯矩解析解;采用1stOpt数学优化分析软件,拟合扭转支撑悬臂钢梁无量纲临界弯矩计算公式;采用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行验证,研究荷载作用位置对悬臂钢梁弯扭屈曲强度的影响。结果表明,扭转支撑悬臂钢梁无量纲临界弯矩计算公式具有较高的精确性,为悬臂梁设计和稳定性研究提供参考。     

矩形钢管混凝土翼缘的H型蜂窝组合柱特征值屈曲性能

为研究矩形钢管混凝土翼缘的H型蜂窝组合柱(STHCC)稳定性能,以截面形式、约束条件、构件长度和混凝土强度等级为主要参数,设计11根不同截面形式的H型蜂窝钢柱及18根STHCC构件;基于构件的简化力学模型和本构模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立29根试件的有限元模型,开展构件的特征值屈曲分析,将有限元数值解与实验数据进行对比,两者吻合较好,验证有限元建模方法的合理性。基于18根STHCC构件特征值屈曲分析,提取变形云图和屈曲荷载,考察屈曲荷载随截面形式、构件长度、约束方式、混凝土强度等级和加劲肋的变化规律,给出STHCC在实际工程中的设计建议。结果表明:STHCC构件的整体稳定性比普通H型蜂窝钢柱、钢管翼缘的H型蜂窝钢柱的好,在相同用钢量条件下,屈曲荷载分别提高1.88、1.23倍;在STHCC构件钢管翼缘内设置加劲肋后,屈曲荷载提高1.31倍,合理设置加劲肋可以大幅提高组合柱的整体稳定性。随着混凝土强度等级的增加,构件屈曲荷载提高幅度越来越小。根据有限元数值解,通过简化混凝土影响系数建立STHCC构件的屈曲荷载计算公式,获得的屈曲模态为该类组合柱非线性稳定性能提供初始缺陷形态。     

不同地震荷载作用下边坡稳定性研究

介绍地震荷载对边坡动力响应分析的基本原理和计算方法,结合秭归县郭家坝边坡实例,分别采取不同地震荷载的时程数据,直接输入有限元软件计算,获得了不同地震荷载作用下边坡位移、剪应力等动力响应。     

基于板梁理论的工字形钢—混组合双跨连续梁弯扭屈曲分析

基于板梁理论,对均布荷载作用下的双轴对称工字形钢—混组合双跨连续梁进行弯扭屈曲分析,推导截面连续梁发生弯扭屈曲时的临界弯矩公式,运用ANSYS有限元软件对10根双轴对称工字形钢—混组合双跨连续梁进行特征值屈曲分析,对比屈曲临界弯矩的数值解与理论解,讨论换算截面法的适用性。结果表明:理论解与有限元解之间具有较高的吻合度,最大误差不超过3%。换算截面法的计算结果与实际结果差别较大,并不适用于工字形钢—混组合连续梁弯扭屈曲问题的计算。     

一类非线性波动方程的新的精确解

为了寻求一类著名的非线性波动方程utt-kuxx+pu+qu2+su3=0的新精确解。利用齐次平衡法的思想与改进的G′/G展开法,通过对解的形式的巧妙构造可以将方程约化为一组非线性方程组,借助于数学软件Maple强大的符号计算功能得到了方程包括双曲函数解、三角函数周期解、有理数解在内的3种形式的精确解。同时给出了其中一组情况的数值模拟图。这些解对正确理解方程在自然科学中的物理意义具有重要的作用。     

修正的Benjamin-Bona-Mahoney方程的精确解

基于齐次平衡法的思想,利用高效的G'/G展开法,求解了修正的Benjamin-Bona-Mahoney(BBM)方程.修正的BBM方程是一个同时含有耗散和色散的非线性偏微分方程,求解难度大.利用对方程解的合理假设和G'/G展开法可以将其约化为一个复杂的非线性代数方程组,借助数学软件Maple符号运算功能的帮助成功地求解了该非线性代数方程组,从而求得修正的BBM方程的精确解.这些解中包含3组更具有一般性质的精确解,它们分别是双曲函数解、三角函数周期解、有理数解.这些解对于研究方程的物理性质及物理现象有很重要的意义.为了能够更直观地理解这几组行波解,给出了相应的解的数值模拟图.     

修正的Benjamin-Bona-Mahoney方程的精确解

基于齐次平衡法的思想,利用高效的G′G展开法,求解了修正的Benjamin-Bona-Mahoney(BBM)方程。修正的BBM方程是一个同时含有耗散和色散的非线性偏微分方程,求解难度大。利用对方程解的合理假设和G′G展开法可以将其约化为一个复杂的非线性代数方程组,借助数学软件Maple符号运算功能的帮助成功地求解了该非线性代数方程组,从而求得修正的BBM方程的精确解。这些解中包含3组更具有一般性质的精确解,它们分别是双曲函数解、三角函数周期解、有理数解。这些解对于研究方程的物理性质及物理现象有很重要的意义。为了能够更直观地理解这几组行波解,给出了相应的解的数值模拟图。     

勒让德方程的解北大核心CSCD

勒让德方程两个线性无关的解,分别称为第一类和第二类勒让德函数。在微分方程取本征值情况下,第一类勒让德函数中断为多项式,因此自变量可取任意值(无穷大除外);第二类勒让德函数仍然为无穷级数,当自变量等于±1时发散,绝对值大于1时收敛。由于勒让德方程属于超比方程类型,给出此类型方程不同特殊函数的任意阶导数表达式。在此基础上直接给出第一类勒让德函数的超比表达式,及其与其他特殊函数的理论关系;鉴于求解第二类勒让德函数的复杂性,利用级数展开方法,直接给出第二类勒让德函数的超比表达式。     

基于统一强度理论的地基临界荷载公式

基于统一强度理论,按照临界荷载公式的推导方法,得到地基临界荷载的统一解公式。Mohr-Coulomb强度理论计算的结果为其特例。把计算结果与《建筑地基基础设计规范》中的结果进行了对比分析,认为当不同程度地考虑中间主应力σ2的影响时,可以有效地发挥地基的强度潜能。并通过实例计算了统一强度理论参数b取不同值时地基承载力特征值,并进行了对比分析。     

基于负反馈的网络负载调度算法

提出一种基于负反馈权值的动态网络负载调度算法。算法主要用在多出口路由器上，其执行效率高，开销小。基于算法的多出口路由器不仅能够很好的保持出口间的负载均衡。还具有良好的出口容错性能。     

Non-capacity transport of non-uniform bed load sediment in alluvial rivers

Rivers often witness non-uniform bed load sediment transport. For a long time, non-uniform bed load transport has been assumed to be at capacity regime determined exclusively by local flow. Yet whether the capacity assumption for non-uniform bed load transport is justified remains poorly understood. Here, the relative time scale of non-uniform bed load transport is evaluated and non-capacity and capacity models are compared for both aggradation and degradation cases with observed data. As characterized by its relative time scale, the adaptation of non-uniform bed load to capacity regime should be fulfilled quickly. However, changes in the flow and sediment inputs from upstream or tributaries hinder the adaptation. Also, the adaptation to capacity regime is size dependent, the finer the sediment size the slower the adaptation is, and vice versa. It is shown that the capacity model may entail considerable errors compared to the non-capacity model. For modelling of non-uniform bed load, noncapacity modelling is recommended, in which the temporal and spatial scales required for adaptation are explicitly appreciated.     

Cyclic load testing of pre-stressed rock anchors for slope stabilization

The objective of this research was to assess the characteristics of seismic induced damage and the deformation patterns of pre-stressed cement-grouted cables that are used for rock slope stabilization projects subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading. The experimental configuration includes the installation of 15 pre-stressed cables in a slope model made of concrete blocks (theoretically rigid rock mass) on top of a pre-existing sliding surface. The study showed that: (i) The pre-stressed cables exhibited great seismic performance. Rapid displacement of the model blocks was observed after the complete loss of the initial pre-stress load under continued applied cyclic loads and exceedance of the state of equilibrium, which implies the higher the initial pre-stress load, the better the seismic performance of the rock anchor; (ii) The failure of the pre-stressed cables was due to fracture at the connection of the tendons and cable heads under cyclic loading. The sequence of failure had a distinct pattern. Failure was first observed at the upper row of cables, which experienced the most severe damage, including the ejection of cable heads. No evidence of de-bonding was observed during the cyclic loading; (iii) The stress distribution of the bond length for pre-stressed cables was highly non-uniform. High stress concentrations were observed at both the fixed end and the free end of the bond length both before and immediately after the state of equilibrium is exceeded. The results obtained can be used to evaluate the overall performance of pre-stressed rock anchors subject to seismic loading and their potential as rockfall prevention and stabilization measures.     

Bed load transport rates during scouring and armoring processes

Dambreak-induced bed scouring may undermine the foundation of bridge piers and other structures, and that destruction can pose a serious threat. Consequently, this paper aims at exploring the mechanisms of scouring and armoring. Firstly, the incipient velocity for nonuniform sediment particles was studied, and a formula was derived based on the angle of repose of nonuniform sediment. The results showed that the mechanism of incipient motion for sand and fine gravel differed from that for coarse gravel and cobbles. Also, comparison between experimental and field data shows that the results from the proposed formula agree well with those observed for all conditions. Secondly, a birth-death, immigration-emigration Markov process was developed to describe the bed load transport rate associated with scouring and armoring. The comparison between experimental data and computed results shows that our model can predict the bed load transport rate, although there may be some limitations, the chief of which is that there are many variables in the model to be determined through experiment. This makes its application in river engineering inconvenient.     

Change in sediment load of the Yangtze River after Wenchuan earthquake

On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of 8.0 magnitude on the Richter scale and its numerous aftershocks devastatingly hit Wenchuan County and its nearby region along the Longman Mountains in Sichuan Province, China. The heavy ruined area was up to 30,000 km2 and 13% of its land surface was denuded by the extremely terrible quakes. The mountain collapses, landslides and debris flows induced by the earthquake not only scared the landscape at the immense scale, but also poured 1.66-billion-m3 sediment combined with offscourings and rubble into the Yangtze River and its breaches. This amount of sediments is 3 times more than the normal amount discharged into the Yangtze River, and will significantly increase sediment transportation of rivers and decrease storage capacities of reservoirs downstream. The dramatic increase in sediment load will imperil the engineering safety and impact the operation of the giant Three-Gorge Hydro-power Station if no proper prevention measures are taken.     

Development and installation of bedload monitoring systems with submerged load cells

Bedload governs riverbed channel variations and morphology, it is necessary to determine bedload discharge through an arbitrary cross section in a mountain river. A new system with submerged load cells has been developed to directly measure bedload discharge. The system consists of: (1) an iron box which is 1 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.1 m in depth, (2) two submerged load cells 0.7 m apart, (3) a pressure sensor and, (4) an electromagnetic velocity meter. This system has been designed to exclude the effect of the hydraulic pressure of water on direct measurements of bedload particle weight. Initial tests in a laboratory were conducted to examine the accuracy of measurements with the system under aerial conditions. The system has been installed in the supercritical flume in Ashi-arai-dani River of the Hodaka Sedimentation Observatory of the Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) of Kyoto University to obtain bedload discharge under natural conditions. Flume tests were conducted in this channel by artificial supply of uniform sediment particles of several grain sizes. The average velocity of the sediment particles near the bed was estimated using cross-correlation functions for weight waves obtained by the two load cells. Bedload discharge calculations were based on time integration of the product of sediment velocity and sediment weight obtained by the two load cells. This study clarifies the reasons why bedload measurements are difficult, and provides some solutions using the monitoring systems with submerged load cells through the field measurements. Additionally, the applicability of bedload measurement with the submerged load cells is explained based on experimental artificial sediment supply data.     

New Damage-locating Method for Bridges Subjected to a Moving Load

A new damage-locating method for bridges subjected to a moving load is presented, and a new ‘moving load damage-locating indicator＇ （MLDI） is introduced. A vehicle is modeled as a moving load, the bridge is simplified as an Euler-Bernoulli beam, and the damage is simulated by a reduction of stiffness properties of the elements. The curvature and MLDI values at each node of the baseline model （undamaged） and the damage model are computed respectively. Then the damage or damages can be located from a sudden change of the MLDI value. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the method is effective, being able to not only locate a single damage accurately, but also locate multiple damages in simply-supported bridges, including multiple damages in continuous bridges. The results also indicate that the MLDI can accurately locate damages under 5% measurement noise.     

Temporal variations of water discharge and sediment load of Huanghe River, China

Based on the data from gauging stations,the changes in water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe (Yellow)River were analyzed by using the empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method.The results show that the periodic oscillation of water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River occurs at the interannual,decadal,and multi-decadal scales,caused by the periodic oscillations of precipitation,and El Nio/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)affects water discharge by influencing precipitation distribution and contributes to periodic varations in precipitation and water discharge at interannual timescale.The water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River have decreased since the 1960s under the influence of precipitation and huamn activities,and human activities attribute more than precipitation to the reduction in the water discharge and sediment load,furthermore,water abstraction and water-soil conservation practices are the main causes of the decrease in water discharge and sediment load,respectively.The reduction in sediment load has directly impacted on the lower reaches of the Huanghe River and the river delta, causing considerable erosion of the river channel in the lower reaches since the 1970s along with River Delta changing siltation into erosion around 2000.     

Variation of cavity gas pressure in slopes with weak intercalation under seismic load

This study discussed how cavity gas pressure affects the stability of rock mass with fractures under well controlled laboratory experiments. Suddenly-created void space created and the induced gas pressures have been the focus of active researches because they are associated with fast movement of large-scale landslides. A shaking table experiment was set up to mimic weak-intercalated rock slope under seismic loads. Excessive cavity gas pressure would be produced in weak spots upon a sudden vibration load. The drastically elevated gas pressure is believed to be responsible for the creation of cavities surrounding the tension fracture. With dissipation of the excessive cavity gas pressure, the fractures are in unbounded closed-state. This observation explains that the slope body would be split and loosened under several aftershocks, and with the expanding of the cracks, the slope failure eventually occurred. The research of the mechanism of cavity gas pressure could provide a novel insight into the formation mechanism of landslides under seismic load and has implications for the disaster prevention and control theory for the slope stability evaluation.