牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒靶器官上病毒结合蛋白的鉴定

利用抗牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒单克隆抗体的间接免疫荧光检测技术,在患淋巴囊肿病牙鲆的表皮、鳃、胃、肠及肾中发现淋巴囊肿病毒的感染,以此确定为病毒感染的主要靶器官。用NP-40细胞裂解液分别抽提靶器官的总蛋白,利用病毒铺覆蛋白印迹技术(VOPBA)对靶器官上淋巴囊肿病毒结合蛋白进行鉴定,结果显示在胃、肠及肾的组织蛋白中均有1个分子量为27.8 kDa的蛋白与淋巴囊肿病毒特异结合,在鳃和表皮的组织蛋白中分别存在分子量为37.6 kDa和56.0 kDa的蛋白与淋巴囊肿病毒特异结合。推测在淋巴囊肿病毒靶器官上的这3种病毒结合蛋白有可能是病毒的受体蛋白。     

利用牙鲆鳃细胞系分离和培养淋巴囊肿病毒

本文利用牙鲆鳃细胞系进行了养殖牙鲆淋巴囊肿病毒的分离及培养 ,并通过电镜对培养细胞中淋巴囊肿病毒的形态及感染循环进行了初步研究。将病鱼的淋巴囊肿组织无菌滤液接种牙鲆细胞系 ,细胞出现了明显的细胞病变 ( Cytopathic effect,CPE)。电镜观察在培养细胞的胞质中有病毒的包涵体 ,胞质中散在 6角形、5角形或圆形的病毒粒子 ,大小为 10 0～ 140 nm之间。在感染细胞的线粒体中也存在大量的病毒颗粒。     

免疫细胞化学法测定鱼类淋巴囊肿病毒(LCDV)滴度

利用免疫细胞化学法测定鱼类淋巴囊肿病毒(LCDV)滴度.以牙鲆鳃细胞系(FG)作为感染细胞,将生长旺盛的FG细胞接种于48孔培养板中培养至形成细胞单层,用2倍连续稀释的LCDV粗提液分别接种FG细胞.固定各稀释度LCDV感染后的FG细胞,孵育抗牙鲆LCDV单克隆抗体,其后再运用生物素-亲合素反应系统,以碱性磷酸酶底物APRed试剂盒发色.倒置显微镜观察,被病毒感染的FG细胞的细胞质呈现红色,未被感染细胞的细胞质呈无色.记录各稀释度病毒感染的阳性细胞孔数,按Reed-Muench法计算组织细胞培养半数感染量(TCID0).结果显示,免疫细胞化学法测得LCDV在FG的滴度为1.77×210 TCID50/mL.该法可以用来有效测定LCDV滴度,且结果直观、准确性较好,灵敏度较高.     

"红肉病"文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)中发现的3种病毒样颗粒

本文报道了在患“红肉病”文蛤组织中发现的 3种病毒样颗粒。 1种主要存在于鳃上皮下的结缔组织中 ,呈球形或椭球形 ,大小 (5 0～ 6 0 ) nm× (5 0～ 110 ) nm,无囊膜包裹。另 1种为球形 ,直径 16 0～ 180 nm,有囊膜 ,存在于外套膜上皮细胞及结缔组织细胞质中。第 3种存在于消化盲囊上皮细胞质内 ,为无囊膜包裹的球形病毒样颗粒 ,直径为 5 0～ 80 nm。     

海水网箱养殖鲈鱼的一种病毒性疾病

本文首次报道了海水网箱养殖鲈鱼出血病,发病季节在６～１１月份,死亡率达５０×１０－２。病鱼体表、上下颌充血出血,肠道充血。在病鱼的肝、肾、脾、肠以及体表充血处的肌肉均没有分离到致病菌。电镜观察发现病鱼体内存在２种病毒颗粒,一种存在肾上皮细胞,具囊膜,直径约２５０ｎｍ;另一种存在肠肌细胞,无囊膜,大小约５０ｎｍ。受病毒侵染的细胞受损严重。     

牙鲆外周血细胞显微及亚显微结构的研究

实验研究牙鲆外周血细胞显微及亚显微结构 。光镜观察显示,牙鲆外周血中包括六种类型的血细胞：红细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、单 核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞,未见嗜碱性粒细胞;淋巴细胞的体积最小,单核细 胞的体积最大;在白细胞中,淋巴细胞数量最多,嗜酸性粒细胞数量最少;此外,还可见到 正在分裂的血栓细胞,说明血栓细胞可在外周血液中经直接分裂产生。电镜研究结果表明, 牙鲆红细胞的细胞质均匀,有少量线粒体和囊泡以及大量的极细颗粒;淋巴细胞核大且中位 、胞质中含较多的游离核糖体,胞体具有短伪足;单核细胞的核偏位且形态不规则,胞质中 有内吞泡和较多的细胞器;颗粒白细胞可根据颗粒的不同形态分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种类型。同时,对牙鲆血细胞结构与功能的关系进行了较系统的探讨。     

牙鲆胸腺的组织学研究

牙鲆的胸腺位于鳃腔背面结缔组织膜上,紧贴着肾脏的头部,界限清晰,胸腺不向咽腔突出,胸腺上皮没有粘液细胞。牙鲆胸腺没有明显的外区和内区之分,胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞比较均匀地分布于整个组织中,未能观察到胸腺小体。在胸腺的细胞类型上,首次发现了大量的交错突细胞,常与淋巴细胞相伴,其特点是具有大量的”迷路样”膜结构。同时还发现,牙鲆胸腺可以不对称并存在快速退化现象,在3月龄时最易观察,而6月龄以上的牙鲆即退化消失。     

应用FG细胞检测淋巴囊肿病毒中和抗体方法的建立

将提纯的淋巴囊肿病毒(LCDV)接种于牙鲆鳃细胞系(FG),可以观察到明显的细胞病变,半数细胞培养物感染量(TCID50)为22.88/40 μL.微量细胞病变中和实验显示患淋巴囊肿病的牙鲆血清以及通过免疫获得的兔抗LCDV血清对LCDV感染都具有明显的中和作用,具有中和效果的血清最高稀释度分别为1:64和1:160.本文建立的FG细胞检测LCDV中和抗体方法可以作为筛选LCDV中和抗体的有效途径,且重复性和稳定性较好.     

云纹石斑鱼淋巴囊肿病的光镜和电镜研究

本文用光镜和电镜对海水网箱养殖患淋巴囊肿病的云纹石斑鱼(Epinethelus moara)进行了研究.分别观察了其囊肿物、皮肤、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏和肠管等器官.光镜下,可见囊肿物主要由巨大的囊肿细胞构成,这些细胞的细胞质内含有许多包涵体和空泡;肝脏汇管区炎性细胞浸润、肝细胞肿胀并有胞质嗜碱性小体出现;脾脏内白细胞滞留;肾小管变性、萎缩、坏死并形成大面积无肾小管区;心肌炎和心外膜炎等病理变化.电镜下,可见囊肿细胞含有大量的病毒颗粒,这些病毒颗粒散布于核周区域;病毒颗粒切面多呈6角形,核衣壳外大部分还具有一中等电子密度的囊膜,衣壳由3层构成,核髓有明暗相间的区带.本文还对该病与国外报道有差异的问题、病毒的形态和病鱼慢性死亡的病理学等方面作了讨论.     

栉孔扇贝消化管的组织学观察

运用石蜡切片法和组织化学方法，对栉孔扇贝的消化管进行了研究，结果表明，整个消化管从腔内到腔外，都由黏膜上皮、黏膜肌层、结缔组织和外膜组成。黏膜上皮层由纤毛柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成，基膜很薄，皮下有一层有肌纤维，结缔组织中有丰富的血腔隙，除直肠的外膜为浆膜外，其余皆为纤维膜。纤毛和黏液在食物的运输中起重要作用。胃和晶杆囊上皮能分泌消化酶。胃上上有较弱的碱性磷酸酶和脂酶活性。胃和晶杆囊上皮及纤毛有酸性磷酸酶活性，晶杆囊上皮的核前细胞质中含铁，各部位不含钙。     

四种重金属对刺参幼参的急性致毒效应

采用静水试验法,在水温18.5℃~20℃的条件下,用Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 四种重金属对刺参幼参进行了单一急性毒性试验。结果表明:Cu2 对刺参幼参的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为0.299,0.176,0.133和0.120mg/L;Zn2 的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为6.700,3.624,2.577和1.951mg/L;Cd2 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为4.246,2.588和2.137mg/L;Cr6 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为31.974,7.499和3.808mg/L;Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 对刺参幼参的安全浓度分别为0.018,0.362,0.259和0.750mg/L。四种重金属对刺参幼参的毒性大小依次为Cu2 >Cd2 >Zn2 >Cr6 。     

海洋中β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐降解过程的研究进展

二甲基硫(DMS)是海水中一种最重要的、含量最丰富的还原态挥发性生源有机硫化物,前体β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)的降解过程受各种因素影响。其中主要包括温度、DMSP的浓度、氧气、盐度、酸度、颗粒粒度、藻类生长期、季节变化、氧化压力、抑制剂等。它们均与DMSP降解速率呈一定的函数关系,并对DMSP的降解产物产生影响。藻类是DMSP的主要来源,因此着重讨论了温度、盐度、酸度等对不同浮游植物细胞内DMSP与DMS生物生产和转化过程的影响。结合海洋硫循环的研究现状和海洋化学发展的趋势,探究了用颗粒态DMSP与Chla的比率来量化碳和硫通量的方法及DMSP裂解酶活性的检验技术。大气中CO2压力持续增加导致的海洋酸化对藻类中DMSP降解过程的影响也是进一步研究的重点。     

Tracing dissolved organic matter cycling in the eastern boundary of the temperate North Atlantic using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy

Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption spectra, and CDOM fluorescence characteristic of aromatic amino acids (excitation/emission 280 nm/320 nm; F(280/320)) and marine-humic like substances (320 nm/410 nm; F(320/410)) were measured in full depth during a cruise in the temperate Eastern North Atlantic (ENA). An optimum multi-parameter (OMP) inverse method was run to calculate water mass proportion-weighted average (archetypal) concentrations of these chemical parameters for all water masses and samples. Archetypal concentrations retain the variability due to water mass mixing and basin scale mineralization from the water mass formation sites to the study area. Conversely, the difference between measured and archetypal concentrations, retain the variability due to dissimilarities in mineralization processes within the study area. Our analysis indicates that DOC supported 26±3% of the AOU in the dark temperate ENA and that basin scale processes occurring at and from the formation area of the water masses explained 63% of the total DOC variability. Our data also suggests that DOC remineralized at the basin scale was of lower molecular weight, and with a lower proportion of fluorescent aromatic amino acids than found within the study area. The relationship between the absorption coefficient at 254 nm (a_CDOM(254)) and AOU indicates that a_CDOM(254) was consumed during organic matter remineralization in the dark ocean, with 55% of the variability being explained by basin scale processes. The relationships of F(320/410) with AOU and DOC confirmed that marine humic-like substances are produced by microbial degradation processes, at a rate of 6.1±0.9×10⁻³ mg equivalents of QS mol AOU⁻¹. Our results also indicate that basin-scale remineralization processes account for 85% of the total variability of F(320/410), emphasizing that large scale processes control the formation of humic-like substance in the dark ENA.     

莱州湾海域水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平和分布特征

以固相萃取/气相色谱法测定了莱州湾海域水体中22种有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的浓度水平和分布特征。结果表明,莱州湾海域表层水体中有机氯农药浓度范围为N.D.~32.7ng/L,底层水中的浓度范围为N.D.~11.7ng/L。在该海域水体中共检出有机氯农药3种,β-666是水体中主要的有机氯农药污染物。多氯联苯类在底层水样中检出2种,总浓度范围在4.5~27.7ng/L之间。该海域有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分布特征是近岸高,离岸低,由近岸向湾外延伸方向依次递减。并对莱州湾表层水中总有机氯农药与海水盐度、氯度、溶解氧和pH间的关系作了初步探讨,得出总有机氯农药与盐度、氯度间有一定的相关关系,相关系数均为0.59。方法测定5种有机氯农药化合物的空白加标回收率为97.3%~126.0%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~8.6%;测定5种多氯联苯类化合物的空白加标回收率为88.6%~151.8%,相对标准偏差为6.7%~10.4%。     

Dissolved organic matter cycling in the confluence of the Atlantic and Indian oceans south of Africa

The boundary between the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean is a key spot of the thermohaline circulation, where the following water masses mix up: Indian Central water (ICW), South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW) and Antarctic Winter Water (WW). An optimum multiparameter analysis based on the distributions of potential temperature, salinity, NO (=O₂+9.3×NO₃) and silicate during the GoodHope 2004 (GH04) cruise allowed us to (i) define the realms of these water masses; (ii) obtain the water mass proportion weighted-average (archetypal) apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of each water mass; and (iii) estimate the contribution of DOC to the oxygen demand of the study area. WW represented only 5.2% of the water volume sampled during GH04, followed by WSDW with 10.8%, NADW with 12.7%, SACW with 15.3%, AAIW with 23.1% and CDW with 32.8%. The distributions of DOC and AOU were mainly explained by the mixing of archetypal concentrations of these variables, 75±5% and 65±3% respectively, which retained the variability due to the basin-scale mineralization from the formation area to the barycentre of each water mass along the GH04 line. DOC accounted for 26±2% and 12±5% of the oxygen demand of the meso- and bathypelagic ocean, respectively. Conversely, local mineralization processes, retained by the residuals of the archetypal concentrations of DOC and AOU, did not contribute to improve significantly the mixing model of DOC.     

光子晶体光纤带隙及模场的一种综合模拟分析方法

提出直接由MATLAB读入光纤端面图实现复杂结构光子晶体光纤(PCF)模型的快速建立,并综合平面波法(PWM)和频域有限差分(FDFD)法,模拟分析带隙型光子晶体光纤(PBG-PCF)的带隙和模场分布.利用PWM计算得到了在PBG-PCF中传输的光波频率及模式有效折射率范围;基于FDFD法在给定波长及模式有效折射率范围情况下,模拟得到了PBG-PCF中可能存在的模场分布及其他特性.以市售的PBG-PCF为例,验证了数值模拟的正确性,随后系统地分析了结构参数(晶格结构、"原子"占有率、背景材料折射率及"原子     

Material selection for the gas containment system of a compressed natural gas carrier fleet

In this work, the possible exploitation of fiber-reinforced composites in the context of maritime transportation of compressed natural gas (CNG) is investigated. In addition to a more conventional steel configuration, two different fiber materials, carbon and glass, are considered as construction materials for pressure vessels (PVs) to be stored on board ships, with thickness optimized by FEM analysis.The considered scenario is represented by the transportation of CNG from an offshore well to a terminal on shore. Fleets of ships carrying CNG in pressure vessels manufactured with the investigated materials are generated by means of a ship synthesis model (SSM) software and compared on the basis of technical and economical indicators.The choice of the construction material influences considerably the weight of the PVs, which represent a major item of total ship weight and reflects directly on the general transport performances in terms of resistance, seakeeping and reliability in the service. On the other hand, capital as well as operating expenditures are considerably affected by the choice. When exploring the design space, the ship synthesis model is able, at a preliminary stage of the design, to account for the various technical and economical aspects, their implications and relationships. Results are presented of computations carried out in a specific case, identified by the annual gas production and other characteristics of the well terminal and a cruising route for the ships. The comparison is carried out on the basis of the cost per transported unit of gas and of the percentage of success in the transportation process. The computations show that the choice of the PV material has a key influence on the results in terms of optimal number, dimensions and speed of the ships.     

VE对河蟹血清和组织中超氧化物歧化酶及磷酸酶活性的影响

通过投喂添加VE 量分别为 0、0 .1× 1 0 - 3 、0 .2× 1 0 - 3 、0 .4× 1 0 - 3 、0 .6× 1 0 - 3(m m)的 5种实验饲料饲养河蟹 6 0d ,以探讨VE 对其体内SOD、ALP和ACP等酶活性的影响 .结果表明 ,饲料中未添加VE 时 ,河蟹血清、肝胰腺、卵巢和肌肉各组织中SOD、ALP和ACP活性各异 ,其中SOD的活性从高到低依次为肝胰腺 >卵巢 >血清 >肌肉 ,ALP活性的为肝胰腺 >血清 >卵巢 >肌肉 ,而ACP活性则是肝胰腺 >血清 >肌肉 >卵巢 .饲料中添加VE 时 ,与对照组相比 ,各组织中SOD活性随着VE添加量的升高而显著降低 ( p <0 .0 5或 p <0 .0 1 ) ;ALP和ACP活性则随着VE 添加量的增加而显著升高 ( p <0 .0 5或 p <0 .0 1 ) .这表明VE 作为天然抗氧化剂在河蟹体内发挥了很大的作用 ,并促进机体的新陈代谢 ,从而增强机体的非特异性免疫力 .VE 作为免疫刺激剂能有效地增强河蟹的非特异性免疫能力 ,能有效发挥其增强河蟹免疫功能的VE 适宜添加量为 ( 0 .2～ 0 .4)× 1 0 - 3(m m) .     

南海名浅考

根据历史文献分析,已知南海海名最早出现于周宣王（827BC--782BC在位）时的《江汉》诗中。秦汉之间214BC—111BC时著的《山海经&#183;海内东经》篇,记述了现时广东省三水和广州以南地区当时为海,称南海。这可从《史记》和《汉书》的记述,以及现代珠江三角洲的考古学、第四纪地质学和河口演变的研究成果所证实。南海古时别名涨海,明清时期外国人称为大明海和大清海。清朝以来,外国人把它翻译成（或称作）英文“South China Sea”,而近代某些中国人再把这个英文名词直译成汉文“南中国海”,忽视“南海”固有的中文名称。民国和中华人民共和国政府先后出版的地图和其他正式出版物,皆只用“南海”名。     

基于阵列感应测井的支持向量机流体识别方法

基于研究区块的高分辨率阵列感应测井(HDIL)资料,首先分析了利用交会图法进行流体识别的效果,指出了该常规解释方法的局限性。在此基础上,将基于遗传算法优化的支持向量机(GA-SVM)引入到测井解释当中,结合阵列感应测井和常规测井资料,建立了流体识别的非线性模型。利用该模型对45个训练样本进行回判,准确率为100%,对21个预测样本进行预测的准确率为90.48%,相对于常规解释方法,该流体识别方法具有更高的准确率。