Experimental Calibration of ISRM Suggested Fracture Toughness Measurement Techniques in Selected Brittle Rocks

Summary A wide variety of specimen types and methods are employed in fracture toughness measurement of rocks, which result in scattered values for the same rock type. In order to provide some consistency to the values, the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) recommended three suggested methods using core based specimens, the Chevron Bend (CB) test, the Short Rod (SR) test and the Cracked Chevron Notch Brazilian Disc (CCNBD) test. This standardization helped obtain more consistent values but still a variation of 20–30% was observed in the values of fracture toughness obtained with the CB and SR methods. The values obtained with the CCNBD method were found to be consistently lower (30–50%) than those of the other two methods (CB and SR). Many reasons have been offered to explain this deviation. These include size of the specimen, anisotropy of rock, a dimensionless parameter in the fracture toughness calculation equation for the CCNBD test, etc. A comprehensive test program was initiated to identify the cause of these discrepancies between the CB and CCNBD methods. Three brittle rock types were selected for the study and more than 200 tests were conducted to measure the values of fracture toughness. A rigorous statistical analysis was carried out to determine the confidence level and find the significance of the test results. It was found that the CB and CCNBD methods were very comparable provided the correct equation for fracture toughness calculation was used for the CCNBD method and the size of the specimens was selected carefully. The error in the ISRM 1995 formula of fracture toughness for the CCNBD method could be the major factor responsible for the consistently lower values obtained with the method.     

浅谈孔压静力触探

本文简单介绍了孔压触探所用设备及准备工作,对孔压触探探头的饱和过程和JTY-3A型静探数据采集仪的操作步骤进行了说明,最后提出了测试有关要求及注意事项。     

Hammer Efficiency and Correction Factors for the TxDOT Texas Cone Penetration Test

This study analyzes blowcount data from instrumented Texas Cone Penetration (TCP) tests. TCP hammer efficiency, rod length influence on the hammer efficiency, and overburden pressure correction factors for the TCP blowcounts (N_TCP) are explored. Results are compared to published correction factors for the standard penetration test (SPT). The final dataset analyzed for this study consisted of 293 TCP tests from which 135 tests were instrumented. TCP hammer efficiency values for automatic trip hammers ranged from 74 to 101% with an average of 89%. Analyses showed a statistically-significant relationship between the TCP hammer efficiency and the rod length below ground surface. Statistical models were developed for undifferentiated soils, and corresponding rod length correction factors for the TCP test (C_R-TCP) were obtained ranging from 0.90 to 1.00. In a second analysis, the relationship between the overburden pressure and N_TCP was explored and a mathematical expression for the overburden correction factor for the TCP blowcount value (C_N-TCP) was determined. This work represents the first study where corrections to N_TCP are explored, and the outcome of this research benefits the geotechnical engineering community using the TCP test and its associated foundation design method.     

Side-by-Side Correlation of Texas Cone Penetration and Standard Penetration Test Blowcount Values

This paper presents side-by-side comparisons of blowcount values for the Texas cone penetration (TCP) test and the standard penetration test (SPT). The comparisons yielded statistically-significant regression models for both coarse-grained soils and fine-grained soils. Consistent with expected trends and published data, the TCP–SPT relationship is nonlinear, with weak to fair correlation strength (R² = 23–44%). For TCP blowcounts (N_{60, TCP}) varying from 25 to 200 blows/30 cm (1 ft), corresponding SPT blowcounts (N_{60, SPT}) are typically 30–60% lower than N_{60, TCP} in fine-grained soils. Likewise, corresponding N_{60, SPT} blowcounts are 10–70% lower than N_{60, TCP} in coarse-grained soils, all other things being equal. Comparative data were obtained from published sources and from project-specific field research sites used for full-scale deep foundation load tests. The final dataset consisted of 225 test pairs obtained in similar soils and geomaterials, at equivalent depths, with all blowcounts normalized to 30 cm (12 in.) penetration (i.e., blows/30 cm or blows/ft) within the bounds of typical test precision, and corrected to 60% hammer efficiency. The generally weak correlations do not support conversion of N_{60, TCP} to N_{60, SPT} (or vice versa) to compute foundation capacity for final design. But, engineers can certainly get an intuitive feel about site conditions and preliminary foundation capacity by using the correlation equations to translate their knowledge of one test to the other. This study extends previous work by formally comparing and contrasting the similar yet different SPT and TCP test methods in such a way as to make the results useful to users of both tests and to the broader geotechnical engineering community.     

粉煤灰浸出特性试验研究

利用浸出试验方法,对火电厂粉煤灰进行浸出特性的测定,对其有害特性进行鉴别并分析其浸出规律,从而为地下水受粉煤灰排水影响后的水质预测、堆灰场选址、环境影响评价提供依据.     

一种基流分割及降水入渗补给量的计算方法

降水入渗补给地下水是地下水的主要来源。降水入渗补给量的计算方法有多种，依据地下水的运动规律，从陆地水文学原理出发，由天然状态下的逐月河川径流过程，采用一种新的基流分割方法分割基流，由逐月基流过程反推逐月降水入渗补给量，即确定逐月地下水降水入渗补给量。     

重型动力触探、标准贯入试验在振动挤密碎石桩复合地基检测中的应用

通过对振动挤密碎石桩复合地基的检测，介绍了重型动力触探、标准贯入试验测试技术在软弱地基土复合地基处理效果评价方面的应用。