Hydrogeological problems for the rehabilitation and re-utilisation of the water resources of the mining area of Gavorrano (Italy)

The paper describes the hydrogeological problems linked to the rehabilitation and re-utilisation of the water resources of the mining area of Gavorrano (Tuscany, Italy). It shows how the geological settings of the area control the water quality, chemistry and discharge. The results of the studies and the recent situations concerning circulation, quality and discharge of the mine water are reported, with particular reference to the effects of the controlled water rebound and the complex measures necessary for the dewatering stoppage. Water rebound is analysed on the basis of available historical and recent data for its hydrodynamic influence and the consequences on water resources restoration. Different uses and possible actions are proposed, taking into account thermal, chemical and discharge characteristics as well as local planning objectives.     

数值模型在黑河干流中游水资源管理中的应用

以黑河干流中游水资源管理为例,利用地下水数值模型研究了天然和人工活动作用下泉水、地下水向地表水排泄量的变化规律;预测分析了不同情景下的水资源开发利用状况.研究表明,地下水向河-泉的排泄量呈衰减趋势,且地下水的增采量和渠系防渗节约的水量主要来源于地下水储存量的消耗;指出在目前有限的水资源条件下,为保护生态地质环境,必须限制地下水的持续超采.     

工程措施影响滑坡地下水动态的数值模拟研究

大多数滑坡的发生与地下水活动有关 ,地下水的动态变化直接关系到滑坡的稳定性状况。因此 ,在滑坡治理工程中 ,首先需要研究各种影响因素和工程治理措施对坡体地下水位的影响方式 ,从而正确分析滑坡成因机制和制定合理的滑坡治理方案。基于工程滑坡实例研究 ,利用数值模拟 ,揭示了滑坡治理工程中地下排水洞的排水效果 ,分析了地表水集中入渗和设置抗滑桩后地下水渗流场的变化特征。表明数值模拟研究 ,可以有效地揭示工程措施及主要影响因素对滑坡地下水动态的影响方式 ,为滑坡治理奠定必要的基础     

Groundwater simulation using a numerical model under different water resources management scenarios in an arid region of China

Groundwater plays an important role in the economic development and ecological balance of the arid area of northwest China. Unfortunately, human activity, for example groundwater extraction for irrigation, have resulted in excessive falls in groundwater level, and aquifer overdraft in the oasis, disrupting the natural equilibrium of these systems. A groundwater numerical model for Minqin oasis, an arid area of northwest China, was developed using FEFLOW software to simulate regional groundwater changes under transient conditions. The vertical recharge and discharge (source/sink terms) of the groundwater models were determined from land-use data and irrigation systems for the different crops in the different sub-areas. The calibrated model was used to predict the change for the period from 2000 to 2020 under various water resources management scenarios. Simulated results showed that under current water resources management conditions groundwater levels at Minqin oasis are in a continuous drawdown trend and groundwater depth will be more than 30 m by 2020. Reducing the irrigation area is more effective than water-saving irrigation to reduce groundwater decline at Minqin oasis and the annual groundwater budget would be −0.978 × 10⁸ m³. In addition, water-diversion projects can also reduce the drawdown trend of groundwater at Minqin oasis, and the groundwater budget in the Huqu sub-area would be in zero equilibrium if the annual inflow into the oasis was enhanced to 2.51 × 10⁸ m³. Furthermore, integrative water resources management including water-diversion projects, water-saving irrigation, and reducing the irrigation area are the most effective measures for solving groundwater problems at Minqin oasis.     

太原市兰村泉域地下水的水化学分析

兰村泉域地下水是太原市经济发展和人民生活的重要水源,近年来,由于不合理的开采和水资源利用量的不断加大,已造成采域地下水位持续下降,甚至干枯,同时度污水排放量与日俱增,水体污染范围在扩展,水质污染程度有所加重.本文利用兰村采城地下水的水化学特征和类型变化,分析了采城地下水的污染程度、污染现状和发展趋势,并提出了保护采城水资源的措施.     

我国北方城市地下水资源开发利用与潜力分析

地下水资源在城市供水中起着重要的作用,尤其在水资源缺乏的北方地区,地下水对城市的供水尤为重要。文中分析了我国北方城市地下水资源开发利用与潜力,及城市地下水开发利用中产生的环境地质问题。指出在城市水资源开发利用中必须加强规划,实行开源、节流、保护并重的措施,向节水型经济方向转变,提高水的综合效益。     

Assessment of water level threshold for groundwater restoration and over-exploitation remediation the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain (BTHP) is the political, economic and cultural center of China, where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development. Continuous overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional scale. This paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP area. The paper also delineates the groundwater flow field, using groundwater level data, in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources management. Based on the analysis of multiple factors, such as groundwater level, soil salinization, ground subsidence, groundwater recharge and storage, urban underground space security, formation of fractures, and seawater intrusion, the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined, and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly proposed. The study shows that: (i) Since the 1980s to 2020, shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60 m, while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m; (ii) The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level (mbgl), while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 mbgl. The groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl, and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 mbgl. However, for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater, the main focus of the resources management is to control the land subsidence. The water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl, and in the general subsidence area should be controlled within 30–45 mbgl; (iii) Based on the water level recovery threshold and proposed groundwater overdraft management program, if the balance of abstraction and recharge is reached in 2025, the shallow groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by about 2×10⁸ m³. Meanwhile, the ecological water replenishment of rivers through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be increased to 28.58×10⁸ m³/a, and the deep groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by 2.24×10⁸ m³. To reach the target of shallow groundwater level in 2040, surface water replacement is recommended with a rate of 25.77×10⁸ m³/a and the ecological water replenishment of rivers in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should reach 33.51×10⁸ m³/a. For deep groundwater recovery, it is recommended to replace the deep freshwater extraction with the utilization of shallow salt water by 2.82×10⁸ m³ , in addition to the amount of 7.86×10⁸ m³ by water diversion. The results are of great significance to the remediation of groundwater over-exploitation, the regulation of water resources development and utilization, and ecological protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain.     

Influence of south-to-north water diversion on major cones of depression in North China Plain

The developments of cones of depression in the North China Plain (NCP) were studied to determine the possible impact of the proposed South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) on groundwater levels. In the past five decades, the exploitation of groundwater in the NCP has been excessive. Numerous hydrological and hydrogeological problems were caused by the gradual decline of the water table in the NCP. In order to protect groundwater resources and alleviate hydrogeological problems, the SNWDP was proposed to progressively solve the shortage of water resources in northern China. In this paper, the development of cones of depression was studied to determine the possible impact of the hydrological engineering, the SNWDP. In the study, a numerical model for regional groundwater flow was created using MODFLOW. The results showed that the SNWDP is beneficial for groundwater recovery in the NCP. The area of cones of depression will be reduced to varying degrees. Some immense groundwater cones will gradually shrink. However, it will take a long time to recover groundwater environment in the NCP.     

吉林省农安县地下水资源评价与可持续利用研究

地下水资源是我国北方地区水资源的主要组成部分,对地下水资源全面科学的调查和评价,是解决水资源问题的基础性工作.农安县缺水由来已久,其中水质性缺水、资源性缺水和工程性缺水并存.近年来,由于过量开采地下水,局部地区出现了降落漏斗、含水层疏干、地下水水质恶化等环境地质问题.本文用回归分析法计算了研究区地下水允许开采量,分析地...     

陕北能源化工基地采煤对地下水资源的影响及对策

陕北能源化工基地侏罗纪煤田是中国煤炭工业战略西移的首选基地,采煤引起的地下水资源及生态环境响应的研究是一个不可逾越的课题。从分析水文地质工程地质条件入手,将煤田区划分为7个水文地质结构类型和5个含水系统,按照排泄基准面进一步将含水系统划分若干地下水流子系统。在经验公式和数值法预测结果的基础上,综合考虑研究区实际,提出了本区能够保障生态、水资源和采煤安全的冒裂带高度为240 m,"三带"安全高度为300 m,并据此将煤采区划分为非导水区、无水导水区、贫水导水区和富水导水区。从水资源的角度提出了"保水采煤"、"煤水共采"和"含水层再造"的煤炭资源开发近期和中远期对策。     

纳林河矿区某大型矿井地下水环境影响数值模拟研究

矿井采煤对地下水环境的影响主要为对具有供水意义的含水层水位及水量产生影响,确定采煤引起地下水水位降及漏失量是煤矿地下水环境影响评价的关键。以纳林河矿区某大型矿井为例,运用Visual MODFLOW建立模拟区地下水流数值模型,利用实测流场和长观孔的动态观测资料识别和验证数值模型,利用模型来预测采煤对第四系-白垩系含水层水位及水量的影响。模拟结果显示:前25年采煤引起地下水最大水位降为3.6 m,引起地下水的漏失量最大为141.87万m^3/a,占矿井涌水量的29.88%;利用矿化度法确定的越流量占矿井涌水量的6.39%~34.89%,模拟结果基本合理,可作为矿井采煤对地下水环境影响的研究依据。     

地下水资源数值法计算技术要求：行业标准介绍

地下水资源数值法计算技术要求作为一部行业标准,提出了应用数值法进行地下水资源计算中的资料、水文地质条件的概化、数值模型的建立、地下水预报、地下水均衡计算和应提交的成果等技术要求,满足了地下水勘查和地下水资源评价的需要。     

State of seawater intrusion and its adaptive management countermeasures in Longkou City of China

Longkou City is a coastal area,and lacks water resources.The overexploitation of groundwater causes seawater intrusion.At present,seawater intrudes an area of 68 km2.With the decrease of groundwater extraction,the seawater intrusion area has generally declined.The paper expounds the development process of seawater intrusion as well as the corresponding prevention and control measures of using groundwater replenishment and groundwater throttling in Longkou City.In view of the seawater intrusion problem in Longkou City,some adaptive management countermeasures are put forward,which include:Adjusting industrial and agricultural structure,promoting economic and social development to match water resources;improving water usage structure,optimizing the utilization of water resources;advancing the construction of a water-saving society,using water resources efficiently;implementing inter-basin water transfer,using water resources rationally;developing and utilizing unconventional water sources,making full use of water resources;strengthening water infrastructure construction,increasing the development and utilization potential of water resources;carrying out ecological restoration,protecting water resources and ecological environment;improving the management informationalization level,strengthening the capabilities of groundwater monitoring and management;increasing publicity,improving public awareness of participation.     

露天采矿对地下水的影响及保护对策

结合某露天采矿工程以及采矿区的水文地质条件,分析了露天采矿对地下水水源涵养、地下水资源量、地下水位及地下水质的影响,在此基础上提出了地下水保护对策及污染防治措施,并提出企业应制定突发性水污染事故处理应急预案。     

新郑市浅层地下水流数值模拟及评价

通过分析新郑市水文地质条件,建立了概念模型,运用GMS软件建立三维地下水流的数值模拟模型,对研究区浅层地下水资源进行现状评价,并对2015年和2020年地下水位进行了预测.结果表明,研究区地下水水位持续下降,到2020年水位将会下降5～10 m,部分地区可能会出现开采漏斗,为了降低地下水位的下降幅度,应该调整产业结构,加强水资源的管理,提高水资源的利用率,从而减少地下水资源的开采.     

长春市城区基岩裂隙水开采优化决策研究

论文阐述了长春市城区基岩裂隙水开采区地下水位、水质状态的变化特征。在研究区地下水流数值模拟的基础上建立地下水资源优化管理模型,确定了地下水优化开采方案,并提出实现地下水合理开采、优化管理的决策。     

我国气候变化对地下水资源影响研究的主要进展

为了推动我国关于气候变化对地下水影响的深入研究,列举了关于气候变化对地下水影响的研究方法,包括包气带和含水层环境示踪技术,研究地下水及其沉积物的物理化学指标,地表水-地下水耦合数值模拟技术等;综述了我国华北地区(北京市、滹沱河流域、海河流域、滦河下游地区、黄淮海平原、临汾盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、黄河下游地区、大同盆地、北方岩溶泉域)、西北地区(塔里木下游地区、三工河流域、阿克苏河绿洲、黑河流域、石羊河流域、河西走廊、巴丹吉林沙漠)和东北地区(吉林中部平原地区、三江平原)等典型区域气候变化(气温、降水、蒸发)对地下水水位、补给量与排泄量(泉流量、开采量)、水化学成分、水温、同位素组成的影响;提出了气候变化条件下合理利用和管理地下水资源的若干对策,包括减缓温室效应引起的全球气候变暖对未来地下水资源产生不利影响,定量化研究气候变化和地下水之间的相互关系,应用高新技术开展地下水资源脆弱性的研究,充分利用灌区地下含水层的调蓄作用,通过地表水与地下水的联合利用控制水盐平衡、涵养地下水源,节约农业、工业和生活用水等。     

环境同位素在北京平谷盆地山前侧向补给研究中的应用

利用地下水水化学和同位素测试分析成果,结合区域地质、水文地质条件研究了平谷北山山区侧向补给情况和中桥水源地地区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶水关系。结果表明：研究区第四系松散孔隙水和基岩岩溶地下水均来源于大气降水,地下水化学类型均为HCO-3-Ca2+?Mg2+ 型;平谷北山山前基岩岩溶水侧向补给平原区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶地下水;通过D值估算得到中桥水源地第四系浅层地下水的山区岩溶水侧向补给和垂向降水入渗补给比例为57：43;中桥水源地基岩岩溶水接受山区岩溶水侧向补给和第四系孔隙水垂向越流补给比例为87：13。研究成果为平谷地区地下水资源量评价和地下水动力场数值模型的建设提供了关键参数,为区域地下水的合理开采和有序回补涵养提供了科学依据。     

西南岩溶山区地下水资源评价方法对比研究——以寨底地下河流域为例

西南岩溶山区地下水资源丰富,查清地下水资源量是科学管理水资源的基础,岩溶山区地下水资源量的评价方法多样,计算过程不同,进而评价结果也存在差异。本文选择寨底地下河流域为研究对象,采用四种不同的评价方法（总排泄量法、基流分割法、径流模数法、数值模型法）对流域地下水资源量进行评价,分析各方法的评价机理和流程,研究其主要影响因素,并对其适用性进行讨论。结果显示:针对西南岩溶石山地区,基流分割法简单快捷,适用于枯季地下水资源量评价,在雨季地下水资源量评价中存在一定不足;总排泄量法的评价结果较为准确,但资料获取难度大,且成本较高;数值模拟法运算高效,但需要大量的前期调查研究数据资料;径流模数法操作性较强,对岩溶山区具有较强的适用性,但参数的选择存在一定的不确定性,对评价结果影响较大。确定计算参数是水资源评价中的关键步骤,通过实测流量反推和灰色聚类法,可提高参数精度和计算效率。      

宝鸡市城区地下水资源调控探讨

地下水资源是宝鸡市市区的主要供水水源,由于超采致使水位逐年急剧下降,水质受到不同程度污染.本文通过对城市地下水资源承载能力进行分析,提出了保护城市地下水资源,实现可持续利用的调控措施.