新疆东天山土屋斑岩铜矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

本文在系统总结前人关于土屋矿床地质特征及成矿作用的基础上,开展了氢氧同位素研究及石英流体包裹体均一法和冷冻法测温,并对石英样品进行了气相及离子色谱测量,对石英中流体包裹体中的稀土元素进行了测试。结果表明,流体包裹体均一温度变化于125~363℃,主要集中于140~200℃,盐度变化于0.18%~58.28%NaCl,主要集中于2%~10% NaCl。流体包裹体气相的主要成分为H₂O和CO₂,液相成分以Ca²⁺、Na⁺、SO^2-₄、Cl^-为主。石英流体包裹体中∑REE 为8.07×10^-6~ 12.15×10^-6,轻、重稀土之比值（LREE/HREE）变化于5.39~6.75,δEu为1.80~1.91。流体包裹体中稀土元素配分型式呈右倾型,并表现出Eu的正异常及Ce的负异常。石英中流体包裹体的δD_V-SMOW值为-70‰~-66‰,石英的δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW为9.4‰~12.3‰,计算所得的δ¹⁸O_水为-5.1‰~-1.2‰。根据离子色谱分析结果,F^-/Cl^-介于0.009~0.024之间,SO^2-₄/Cl^-介于0.45~1.01之间。综合以上流体包裹体的组成和特征,表明成矿流体可能主要来源于岩浆水和大气降水。     

新疆土屋大型斑岩铜矿床特征及发现意义

土屋铜矿是新疆地矿局近年在斑岩型铜矿地质找矿方面取得的一项重大突破。矿床产于准噶尔板块南缘石炭纪增生拼贴岛弧带中。矿体赋存于石炭纪闪长玢岩和斜长花岗斑岩岩体内。属细脉浸染状矿化，具有厚度大、矿化均匀、品位低、组分简单、围岩蚀变分带明显的特点。目前初步控制的远景规模可望达大型以上。该矿床的发现不仅对新疆斑岩型铜矿的地质找矿具有重要指导意义，而且对促进新疆今后矿业经济的发展将起到重要作用。     

滇西北兰坪盆地金顶超大型矿床有机岩相学和地球化学

云南兰坪金顶矿床是世界上形成时代最新且唯一陆相沉积岩容矿的超大型铅锌矿床,也是中国目前最大的铅锌矿床,有机物质在金属成矿中可能发挥重要作用,受人关注.矿石及矿化岩石中产有包括干酪根、轻油、烃类气、重油、沥青及方解石中石油、甲烷包裹体等多种形式、产状和成熟度的有机物质,油气显示突出,古油气藏遗迹明显,是金顶古油气藏在铅锌成矿过程中热成熟、裂解和被改造、破坏不同阶段的产物.有机物质的氯仿沥青"A"变化大(72×106～395415.42×106)."A"的族组分中,总烃(58.47%)大于"非烃 沥青烯"(41.53%),饱和烃/芳香烃比值大于1,具Ⅰ型有机母质特征.有机转化率(A/C=0.5%～7.2%)较矿床外围岩石低,有机热成熟度高.矿石及矿化岩石中有机质的饱和烃包括正构烷烃、Pr、Ph和iC18等化合物,碳数分布介于C10～C34之间,C21 22/C28 29=0.78～3.582,Pr/C17=0.25～0.646,Ph/C18=0.39～1.57,有机母质为海相菌藻类.有机质中检测出萘、菲、三芳甾烷、联苯、荧蒽等芳香烃类化合物,菲系列化合物最为明显,MPI1=0.215～0.434,MPI2=0.252～0.588,菌藻等有机母质发育在高盐度还原沉积环境,烃源岩主要是三叠系残留海相碳质泥岩和泥灰岩.伴随金顶局部穹隆过程,很可能在金顶穹隆中形成油气藏,它是矿区铅锌快速大规模集中成矿的重要还原剂之一.     

Fluid inclusion and isotope geochemistry of the Yangla copper deposit,Yunnan, China

The Yangla copper deposit, with Cu reserves of 1.2 Mt, is located between a series of thrust faults in the Jinshajiang–Lancangjiang–Nujiang region, Yunnan, China, and has been mined since 2007. Fluid inclusion trapping conditions ranged from 1.32 to 2.10 kbar at 373–409 °C. Laser Raman spectroscopy confirms that the vapour phase in these inclusions consists of CO₂, CH₄, N₂ and H₂O. The gas phases in the inclusions are H₂O and CO₂, with minor amounts of N₂, O₂, CO, CH₄, C₂H₂, C₂H₄, and C₂H₆. Within the liquid phase, the main cations are Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ while the main anions are SO₄ ^2? and Cl^?. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluids (?3.05‰?≤?δ¹⁸O_H2O?≤?2.5‰; ?100‰?≤?δD?≤??120‰) indicate that they were derived from magma and evolved by mixing with local meteoric water. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides range from ?4.20‰ to 1.85‰(average on ?0.85‰), supporting a magmatic origin. Five molybdenite samples taken from the copper deposit yield a well-constrained ¹⁸⁷Re–¹⁸⁷Os isochron age of 232.8?±?2.4 Ma. Given that the Yangla granodiorite formed between 235.6?±?1.2 Ma and 234.1?±?1.2 Ma, the Cu metallogenesis is slightly younger than the crystallization age of the parent magma. A tectonic model that combines hydrothermal fluid flow and isotope compositions is proposed to explain the formation of the Yangla copper deposit. At first, westward subduction of the Jinshajiang Oceanic Plate in the Early Permian resulted in the development of a series of thrust faults. This was accompanied by fractional melting beneath the overriding plate, triggering magma ascent and extensive volcanism. The thrust faults, which were then placed under tension during a change in tectonic mode from compression to extension in the Late Triassic, formed favorable pathways for the magmatic ore-forming fluids. These fluids precipitated copper-sulfides to form the Yangla deposit.     

滇西北红牛-红山矽卡岩型铜矿床石榴子石原位LA-SF-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及地球化学特征

红牛-红山铜矿床是义敦岛弧南段已发现最大的(远端)矽卡岩型矿床,目前其赋矿矽卡岩成岩时代缺乏直接的年代学证据。矽卡岩成岩年龄的精准测定对于该矿床在义敦岛弧南段中生代2期斑岩成矿事件中的定位具有重要意义。红牛-红山矿床矽卡岩中石榴子石可分为2期,早期石榴子石多见于贫矿矽卡岩,粗粒结构,为均质体;晚期石榴子石多见于富矿矽卡岩,细—中粒结构,发育振荡环带,具非均质光性异常。对2期石榴子石开展了原位LA-SF-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和微区成分分析,获得早期石榴子石和晚期石榴子石的U-Pb年龄分别为84.2±3.0 Ma和81.7±3.5 Ma。主量和微量元素含量表明,2期石榴子石属钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列,亏损Rb、Ba、K、Sr等,富集Th、U、P;其中,早期石榴子石相对富钙铁榴石组分、LREE/HREE值高,Eu呈高正异常,晚期石榴子石相对富钙铝榴石、LREE/HREE值低、Eu无异常。结合本区燕山晚期碰撞型斑岩成矿事件,认为约80 Ma为本矿床远端矽卡岩成岩成矿时期,成矿作用与同期酸性斑岩关系密切。石榴子石地球化学特征揭示,干矽卡岩阶段水/岩比值高,以渗滤交代作用为主,早期流体为氧化、高温、富铁、弱碱性的相对封闭体系,晚期为相对还原、相对低温、富铝、酸性的开放体系。     

Deep-penetrating geochemistry for sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Turpan–Hami basin, north-western China

The Turpan–Hami basin, covering an area of approximately 50,000 km² in NW China, contains concealed sandstone-type U deposits in a Jurassic sequence of sandstone, mudstone and coal beds. Sampling of soil profiles over the Shihongtan concealed U deposit in this basin shows that fine-grained soil collected from the clay-rich horizon contains U concentrations three times higher than similar soils at background areas. Selective leaching studies of these soils show that U is mainly associated with clay minerals, which comprise from 17.9% to 40% (average 30.4%) of the total mineral content. This may indicate that U is converted to uranyl ions [UO₂]²⁺ under oxidizing conditions and is sorbed on clay minerals to accumulate in anomalous concentrations. Fine-grained soil (<120 mesh, <0.125 mm) from the clay-rich horizon, generally occurring at a depth of 0–40 cm, is shown to be an effective sampling medium for deep-penetrating geochemical surveys. A wide-spaced geochemical survey at a density of approximately 1 site per 100 km² was carried out throughout the whole basin using this sampling medium. Samples were analyzed for 30 elements by ICP-MS following a 4-acid extraction. Three large-scale geochemical anomalies of U and Mo were delineated over the whole basin. One of the anomalies is consistent with the known U deposit at Shihongtan in the western part of the basin. A new potential target in the eastern part of the basin was selected for a follow-up survey at a density of 1 sample per 4 km². A drilling exploration programme at the center of the geochemical anomaly delineated by this follow-up survey discovered a new U deposit.     

滇西北中甸普朗斑岩铜矿床地球化学与成矿机理初探

普朗斑岩铜矿是一个典型的与洋壳俯冲相关的大型乃至超大型矿床,通过对矿区代表性含矿斑岩与无/弱矿化斑岩的稀土元素特征对比、硫同位素示踪等方面的研究,表明矿石随Cu品位的增高,稀土总量(∑REE)和稀土分馏参数〔(LREE/HREE)、(La/Yb)N及(La/Yb)N、(Gd/Yb)N〕呈连续降低趋势,负铕异常一般显示为逐渐增强的趋势,但在发育有强烈的晚期钾长石脉的情况下,出现反弹减弱特征。硫化物(黄铜矿、黄铁矿和辉钼矿)的δ34SCDT变化范围为-2.23‰～3.75‰,基本呈塔式分布特征,主要为深源岩浆硫。     

四川省拉拉铜矿床同位素地球化学特征及成矿意义

拉拉铜矿床位于康滇地轴西南缘,赋矿围岩是古元古界变质火山岩。通过矿床硫同位素、氢氧同位素、K-Ar同位素、铅同位素、Rb-Sr同位素及辉钼矿中Re-Os同位素的组成特点讨论了成矿时代、物质来源、成矿介质性质及矿床成因等问题。新元古代晋宁期发生的区域变质作用是促使矿床形成的主要成矿作用,古元古代形成的火山岩提供了大部分的成矿物质来源,成矿介质以变质水为主后期有大量地下水的加入。矿床为火山沉积-变质成因的层控型铜矿床。     

Environmental geochemistry of the Bingham Canyon porphyry copper deposit,Utah

At the Bingham Canyon porphyry copper deposit, sulfide mineralization progresses outward from a low-grade core through the following general zones: (1) molybdenite, (2) chalcopyrite-bornite, (3) chalcopyrite-pyrite, (4) pyrite, and (5) sphalerite-galena. The low-grade core and the molybdenite zone are composed of net neutralizing rock and will generally not acidify when exposed to surface weathering conditions. The copper-bearing zones of the orebody and the surrounding pyrite halo are net acid-generating and so will tend to acidify when exposed. Rocks in the lead-zinc halo are typically net neutralizing. In plan view, the distribution of net neutralization potential (NNP) is doughnut-shaped, with a positive (net neutralizing) 1,000-m-diameter core surrounded by a negative (net acid-generating) 3,000-m-diameter ring. Rock exposed in the lower 100 m of the current pit has a positive NNP and is overlain by 500 m of rock with a negative NNP.     

滇西北中旬普朗斑岩铜矿流体包裹体初步研究

普朗斑岩铜矿位于三江地区义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧，是在晚三叠世甘孜．理塘洋盆向西俯冲过程中形成的一个大型．超大型矿床。通过显微测温学和激光拉曼谱学研究，发现普朗斑岩铜矿含矿石英脉中广泛发育富液相包裹体、含CO2三相／两相包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体。子晶种类复杂，盐类矿物主要有石盐、钾盐、方解石、石膏，金属矿物主要为黄铜矿和赤铁矿。流体包裹体中发现有4种流体，即高盐度岩浆流体、含CO2低盐度流体、中等盐度流体以及少量低盐度水溶液。高盐度岩浆流体的均-温度范围457，245℃，均一压力范围（259．33～25．43）×10^5 Pa，盐度为34％-54％NaCl，密度为1．12—1．07g／cm^3，富含Na、K、Ca、Cu、Fe、CO2、C1、S等成分。原始岩浆流体可能是由中酸性岩浆上升至中间岩浆房后直接出溶而成，并汇聚在岩浆房的顶部。在甘孜一理塘洋盆的俯冲过程中，岩浆流体在流体内压和洋盆俯冲所产生的主压应力场的共同作用下，可以间歇性地从岩浆房上涌，为早期岩浆活动（226±3）～（2284-3）Ma所形成的岩浆一热液系统提供了持续的矿质和热源。含CO2低盐度流体与高盐度岩浆流体的相分离作用是导致普朗斑岩铜矿主成矿期网脉状-浸染状矿化的主要原因。     

Chalcophile elemental compositions and origin of the Tuwu porphyry Cu deposit,NW China

The Tuwu porphyry Cu deposit in the eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt of southern Central Oceanic Orogen Belt contains 557 Mt ores at an average grade of 0.58 wt.% Cu and 0.2 g/t Au, being the largest porphyry Cu deposit in NW China. The deposit is genetically related to dioritic and plagiogranitic porphyries that intruded the Carboniferous Qieshan Group. Ore minerals are dominantly chalcopyrite, pyrite and enargite. Porphyric diorites have Sr/Y and La/Yb_N ratios lower but Y and Yb contents higher than plagiogranites. Diorites have highly variable Cu but nearly constant PGE contents (most Pd = 0.50–1.98 ppb) with Cu/Pd ratios ranging from 10,900 to 8,900,000. Plagiogranites have PGEs that are positively correlated with Cu and have nearly uniform Cu/Pd ratios (5,100,000 to 7,800,000). Diorites have concentrations of Re (0.73–15.18 ppb), and ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os and ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios lower but common Os contents (0.006–0.097 ppb) higher than plagiogranites. However, both the diorites and plagiogranites have similar normalized patterns of rare earth elements (REE), trace element and platinum-group elements (PGEs). All the samples are characterized by the enrichments of LREE relative to HREE and display positive anomalies of Pb and Sr but negative anomalies of Nb and Ta in primitive-mantle normalized patterns. In the primitive mantle-normalized siderophile element diagrams, they are similarly depleted in all PGEs but slightly enriched in Au relative to Cu.Our new dataset suggests that both the diorite and plagiogranite porphyries were likely evolved from magmas derived from partial melting of a wet mantle wedge. Their parental magmas may have had different water contents and redox states, possibly due to different retaining time in staging magma chambers at the depth, and thus different histories of magma differentiation. Parental magmas of the diorite porphyries are relatively reduced with less water contents so that they have experienced sulfide saturation before fractional crystallization of silicate minerals, whereas the relatively more oxidized parental magmas with higher water contents of the plagiogranite porphyries did not reach sulfide saturation until the magmatic-hydrothermal stage. Our PGE data also indicates that the Cu mineralization in the Tuwu deposit involved an early stage with the enrichments of Au, Mo and Re and a late stage with the enrichment of As but depletion of Au–Mo. After the formation of the Cu mineralization, meteoric water heated by magmas penetrated into and interacted with porphyritic rocks at Tuwu, which was responsible for leaching Re from hosting rocks.     

The adakite connection of the Tuwu–Yandong copper porphyry belt, eastern Tianshan, NW China: trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry

The Tuwu–Yandong porphyry copper belt lies in the eastern Tianshan mountains, eastern section of the Central Asian orogenic belt. The copper mineralization is mainly hosted in plagiogranite porphyries intruded into early Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the Paleozoic Dananhu island arc between the Tarim and Siberian plates. The plagiogranite porphyries have contents of 65–73 wt% SiO₂, 14–17 wt% Al₂O₃, 0.9–2.2 wt% MgO, 3–16 ppm Y, 0.4–1.40 ppm Yb, 347–920 ppm Sr, and positive Eu anomalies. The rocks also exhibit positive ɛ _Nd(t) values (+5.0 to +9.4) and low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (0.70316–0.70378). Such features are similar to those of adakites derived from partial melting of a subduction-related oceanic slab. The mineralization age is early Carboniferous (350–320 Ma), which is close to that of the porphyries. The close relationship between the Cu mineralization and the porphyry is also indicated by their similar Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions. We suggest that the copper porphyry (magma) system in the Dananhu island arc was formed by direct melting of an obliquely subducting early Carboniferous oceanic slab.     

滇西北中甸普朗斑岩铜矿流体包裹体初步研究

普朗斑岩铜矿位于三江地区义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧,是在晚三叠世甘孜.理塘洋盆向西俯冲过程中形成的一个大型.超大型矿床.通过显微测温学和激光拉曼谱学研究,发现普朗斑岩铜矿含矿石英脉中广泛发育富液相包裹体、含CO2三相/两相包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体.子晶种类复杂,盐类矿物主要有石盐、钾盐、方解石、石膏.金属矿物主要为黄铜矿和赤铁矿.流体包裹体中发现有4种流体,即高盐度岩浆流体、含CO2低盐度流体、中等盐度流体以及少量低盐度水溶液.高盐度岩浆流体的均一温度范围457～245℃,均一压力范围(259.33-25.43)×105 Pa,盐度为34%-54%NaCI,密度为1.12-1.07 g/cm3,富含Na、K、Ca、Cu、Fe、CO2、Cl、S等成分.原始岩浆流体可能是由中酸性岩浆上升至中间岩浆房后直接出溶而成,并汇聚在岩浆房的顶部.在甘孜.理塘洋盆的俯冲过程中,岩浆流体在流体内压和洋盆俯冲所产生的主压应力场的共同作用下,可以间歇性地从岩浆房上涌,为早期岩浆活动(226±3)～(228±3)Ma所形成的岩浆.热液系统提供了持续的矿质和热源.含CO2低盐度流体与高盐度岩浆流体的相分离作用是导致普朗斑岩铜矿主成矿期网脉状.浸染状矿化的主要原因.     

物探在新疆土屋地区铜矿找矿中的应用 ——兼谈斑岩铜矿“三位一体”的找矿模式

土屋铜矿带是我国新发现的重要斑岩成矿带.在土屋东矿点评价中开展物探剖面测量发现土屋激电异常,异常查证导致土屋铜矿的发现;沿成矿带开展大面积1∶2万激电、磁法测量,发现了一系列激电异常,通过地质调查、钻探查证相继发现了延东铜矿和灵龙铜矿.在研究斑岩铜矿地质条件和东天山地区干旱景观条件的基础上,建立了斑岩铜矿"三位一体”(斑岩、孔雀石化、激电异常)的找矿模式.     

The geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration at the Salgadinho copper deposit,Portugal

The recently discovered Salgadinho copper deposit, 7 km NNE of S. Luis, Portugal is located in the southernmost linear belt of outcropping low metamorphic grade deformed Palaeozoic rocks (Famennian) in the SW part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. The stratabound replacement pyrite-chalcopyrite mineralisation is present in variably altered felsic pyroclastic rocks which are overlain by pyritic graphitic shales and tuffs which have undergone alteration in the lowermost 5m. The altered pyroclastic rocks are characterised by pale green celadonitic fluoro-muscovite and, in the most intense zone of alteration, quartz, ankerite, and ore minerals are present (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, bournonite). No exhalative Cu-Zn or Zn-Pb ore has been discovered associated with the submarine volcanic stratabound Cu-rich alteration zone. Alteration of feldspars and groundmass has involved a net loss from the system and gains in Fe²⁺, F, H₂O, Mg, Fe³⁺, Ca, Mn, P, Ti, S, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Sb, Ag and Au at the expense of Si, K, Al and Na. The great enrichment of F in the altered rocks, the association of zonal alteration facies with coarse grained pyroclastic masses and the intimate association of pale green celadonitic fluoro-muscovite with mineralisation at Salgadinho and most other deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt represents a powerful exploration guide for submarine exhalative ores.Text of paper presented at the 26th I.G.C., Paris, July 1980     

东天山土屋特大型斑岩铜矿成矿地质特征与矿床对比

土屋特大型斑岩铜矿位于东天山吐鲁番—哈密陆块南部边缘岛弧环境中。多期岩浆活动和矿化是铜金属超常堆集的主要因素。海底火山活动和热泉沸腾逸散造就了铜金属的预富集(矿源层),闪长玢岩和斜长花岗斑岩的侵位和叠加矿化使铜金属进一步富化和最终成矿。以细碧角斑质为主的火山岩喷发于潮坪—滨海环境,闪长玢岩、斜长花岗斑岩形成于较强的氧化环境;强还原示踪矿物黄铁矿含量较少。矿石的低品位、矿石的结构构造、蚀变特征以及矿石建造具典型斑岩矿床特征;矿石高品位、矿床形成较低温度及大量硅化蚀变又表现为某些热液矿床特征(次火山岩热液)。典型斑岩铜矿床、次火山热液矿床、土屋铜矿床对比,土屋铜矿床矿床类型仍不失为斑岩型铜矿,并具有自身特征。     

Evidence for metallogenic geochemistry of volcano-hot spring deposition in Xiqiu copper deposit, Zhejiang Province, China

There were strong volcanic and hot spring activities in Late proterozic in the Xiqiu mining district,Zhejiang province,The volcanic rocks and hydrothermal sedimentary cherts have high contents of the major metallogenic elements,Their atomic percentage of Cu:Zn:Pb is similar very much between volcanic rock,hydrothermal sedimentary chert and ore.Therefore,the metallization has a direct bearing on the volcanic and hot spring activities in the Xiqiu area.The δ34S values vary from -6.5‰to 2.8‰,the δ30Si Values from-0.2‰ to 0.6‰,and the δ18O Values from 8.14‰ to 22.32‰,Lead isotopes were derived mainly from the lower crust.The ores have high contents of As,Sb,Bi,Ga,Zn,and Ba,and low Al/(Al Fe Mn)ratios,with Zn/(Zn Pb)ratios approximate to unity,Therefore,the Xiqiu massive copper sulfide deposit can be ascribed to volcano-hot spring deposition.     

新疆东天山土屋斑岩铜矿床地球化学、年代学、Lu-Hf同位素及其地质意义

新疆东天山地区岩浆岩的岩石成因和地球动力学背景备受关注.本文获得的东天山土屋斑岩铜矿床SIMS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩元素地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素数据,以对这一问题进行约束.土屋斑岩铜矿床位于新疆东天山造山带晚古生代大南湖-头苏泉岛弧带中,赋矿地层为下石炭统企鹅山群,赋矿围岩主要为安山岩和闪长玢岩,含矿岩石主要为英云闪长岩.本文SIMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,土屋地区含矿岩体大约侵位于335Ma,土屋斑岩铜矿床成矿时代与成岩时代基本一致或稍晚.地球化学数据显示安山岩和闪长玢岩具有同源性及岛弧火山岩的特点,英云闪长岩具有埃达克质岩石的特征.土屋英云闪长岩具不均一的锆石ε_Hf(t)正值(+6.3~+16.1),表明其可能来源于俯冲板片的部分熔融.土屋斑岩铜矿床含矿岩体很可能是在早石炭世北天山洋板块北向俯冲的地球动力学背景下,大洋板片发生部分熔融形成埃达克质岩浆,在熔融过程中同时析出金属,随埃达克质岩浆一起上升,并与地幔橄榄岩发生交代作用,在岩体顶部富集成矿.     

Geology and geochemistry of the sediment-hosted Cheshmeh-Konan redbed-type copper deposit,NW Iran

The several-hundred-m-thick Miocene Upper Red Formation in northwestern Iran hosts stratiform and fault-controlled copper mineralization. Copper enrichment in the percent range occurs in dm-thick carbonaceous sandstone and shale units within the clastic redbed sequence and consists of fine-grained disseminated copper sulfides (chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite) and supergene alteration minerals (covellite, malachite and azurite). The copper mineralization formed after calcite cementation of the primary rock permeability. Copper sulfides occur mainly as replacement of diagenetic pyrite, which, in turn, replaced organic matter. Electron microprobe analysis on bornite, chalcocite and covellite identifies elevated silver contents in these minerals (up to 0.12, 0.72 and 1.21 wt%, respectively), whereas chalcopyrite and pyrite have only trace amounts of silver (<0.26 and 0.06 wt%, respectively). Microthermometric data on fluid inclusions in authigenic quartz and calcite indicate that the Cu mineralization is related to a diagenetic fluid of moderate-to low temperature (Th = 96–160 °C) but high salinity (25–38 wt% CaCl₂ equiv.). The range of δ³⁴S in pyrite is −41.9 to −16.4‰ (average −31.4‰), where framboidal pyrite shows the most negative values between −41.9 and −31.8‰, and fine-grained pyrite has relatively heavier δ³⁴S values (−29.2 to −16.4‰), consistent with a bacteriogenic derivation of the sulfur. The Cu-sulfides (chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite) show slightly heavier values from −14.6 to −9.0‰, and their sulfur sources may be both the precursor pyrite-S and the bacterial reduction of sulfate-bearing basinal brines. Carbonates related to the ore stage show isotopically light values of δ¹³C_V-PDB from −8.2 to −5.1‰ and δ¹⁸O_V-PDB from −10.3 to −7.2‰, indicating a mixed source of oxidation of organic carbon (ca. −20‰) and HCO₃⁻ from seawater/porewater (ca. 0‰). The copper mineralization is mainly controlled by organic matter content and paleopermeability (intragranular space to large fracture patterns), enhanced by feldspar and calcite dissolution. The Cheshmeh-Konan deposit can be classified as a redbed-type sediment-hosted stratiform copper (SSC) deposit.