高分一号多光谱遥感数据的面向对象分类

文章针对高分一号(GF-1)高分辨率遥感数据,提出了一种基于多特征的面向对象遥感图像分类算法:首先,对GF-1卫星数据进行分水岭分割,并利用仿射不变矩形状特征算子获得遥感图像的几何特征;其次,利用主成分分析和灰度共生矩阵获得遥感图像的纹理特征;然后,基于多特征数据进行均值漂移滤波,并利用自动标记分水岭分割方法实现遥感图像分割;最后,结合基于像元的最大似然监督分类结果做投票分类处理,从而实现面向像元与面向对象相结合的遥感数据分类.以高分一号遥感数据进行分类实验,结果表明:本文方法可有效地提高遥感图像分类精度.     

一种基于概率潜在语义模型的高分辨率遥感影像分类方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像中"同谱异物","同物异谱"现象对影像分类过程造成的干扰,将文本分析中的概率潜在语义模型应用于高分辨率遥感影像分类,提出一种无监督的遥感影像分类新方法.该方法首先利用均值漂移分割方法对影像进行分割构建图像区域集合,然后提取集合各区域中每个像元的Gabor纹理特征,并对这些特征进行聚类形成视觉词汇,最...     

改进的直方图均衡化在遥感图像分类中的应用

遥感图像监督分类主要依据地物的光谱特征,具有很大的局限性.本文提出一种改进的直方图均衡化方法一均衡化后各像素灰度值调整,利用该方法对遥感图像进行处理,处理后的图像再进行监督分类.实验结果表明该方法直观、简明、处理速度快.并能取得较高的分类精度,具有一定的实用性.     

基于eCognition的遥感图像面向对象分类方法研究

随着高分辨率遥感图像越来越普及,传统的面向像元的图像分类方法不能满足对高分辨率遥感图像区域分类的需求,高分辨率遥感图像对图像处理的软件与硬件都有了更高的要求,因此,出现了相较于面向像元有着更高精度更为合理的面向对象分类方法,也更加适用于高分辨率遥感影像。本文通过采用面向对象分类的基本方法,运用eCognition软件,以山东省胶州市地区遥感影像为例,进行多尺度分割和面向对象分类。并用ENVI做监督分类,基于目视解译精度评定,对不同方法作出分析评价。结果表明:面向对象分类方法精度更高,更具有可靠性。     

融合半监督学习的无监督遥感影像场景分类EI北大核心CSCD

自监督学习可以不依赖样本标签对遥感影像进行特征提取,但是特征分类仍然依赖有监督方法。为了克服有监督特征分类过程的不足,实现遥感影像特征的无监督自动分类,本文提出一种融合半监督学习的无监督语义聚类方法。首先,使用自监督学习提取遥感影像特征,抽象出图像包含的高层语义信息;然后,基于特征相似度寻找每个样本最相似的近邻,使用在线聚类将相似样本聚为一类,训练一个线性分类器;最后,根据聚类结果为高置信度样本生成伪标签,构造标注样本集,使用半监督方法对模型微调。在4个公开遥感影像场景分类数据集EuroSAT、GID、AID和NWPU-RESISC45上进行验证,分类精度分别达到了94.84%、63.55%、76.42%和86.24%。本文方法结合了在线聚类和半监督学习的优点,缓解了已有方法存在的误差积累和样本利用不充分的问题,在完全不使用标注样本的情况下,充分利用自监督特征训练分类模型,对遥感影像进行场景分类,达到接近有监督学习的分类效果,具有良好的应用价值。     

基于CNN-CBIR的遥感图像分类检索方法

遥感图像海量性、复杂性与多样性特征导致现有方法出现查全率、查准率低的问题,无法满足现今遥感图像应用的需求,故提出基于卷积神经网络-图像检索(Convolutional Neural Networks-Content-Based Image Retrieval,CNN-CBIR)的遥感图像分类检索方法研究.为了精确分类遥感图像,基于卷积神经网络-深度卷积神经网络-16(Convolutional Neural Networks-Visual Geometry Group Net-16,CNN-VGGNet-16)模型提取遥感图像卷积特征与池化特征,通过有效融合得到遥感图像高层聚合特征,以此为基础,采用模糊分类算法分类处理遥感图像,依据遥感图像分类结果,利用基于内容的图像检索(Content-Based Image Retrieval,CBIR)技术制定遥感图像分类检索程序,实现了遥感图像的分类检索.选取数据集图像遥感数据集(UC-Merced)与武大遥感数据集(WHU-RS)作为实验数据集,确定最佳池化区域尺寸与最佳输入尺寸,采用MATLAB软件进行仿真实验.仿真实验数据显示:与标准数值相比较,提出方法的查全率与查准率较高,充分说明提出方法具备更好的检索性能.     

多分类器联合监督分类方法研究

针对遥感图像监督分类方法适用范围不同且分类机制各有优劣的特点,本文提出将最大似然法与最小距离法结合的监督分类法。对eTM 影像进行分类,结果表明,与单一分类器的分类结果相比,分类器结合的监督分类技术能有效提高遥感图像专题信息提取的精度。     

综合聚类和上下文特征的高光谱影像分类

常规高光谱影像逐像素分类往往没有考虑空间相关性,分类结果未体现地物的空间关联和分布特征。为了在分类中充分利用空间特征,利用聚类信息并结合隐马尔可夫随机场模型讨论了高光谱遥感影像光谱-空间分类方法。首先,在不同特征提取方法（最小噪声分离、独立成分分析和主成分分析）下,使用不同聚类方法（k-均值、迭代自组织分析算法和模糊c-均值算法）借助隐马尔可夫随机场获取优化的分割图;然后,采用4连通区域标记法对分割区域标记生成图像对象,并根据支持向量机的逐像素分类结果采用多数投票法对图像对象进行分类;最后,借助凹槽窗口邻域滤波技术改进分类结果,削弱“椒盐”现象。该方法综合了监督分类和非监督分类的优势,通过聚类引入地物空间相关性信息,通过隐马尔可夫随机场引入上下文特征,较好地弥补了单纯基于光谱信息分类的不足。     

基于集对分析的遥感图像K-均值聚类算法

基于欧式距离的K-均值聚类算法是一种硬分类(把每个待辨识的对象严格地划分到某个类中)方法,面对具有不确定性和混合像元特征的遥感图像数据,传统K-均值聚类算法很难得到满意的分类结果.为解决这一难题,将集对分析(set pair analysis,SPA)理论推广到遥感图像聚类算法,通过引入一个能统一描述同一性、差异性和对立性的同异反(identical discrepancy contrary,IDC)联系度,提出了基于IDC联系度的改进的K-均值聚类算法.该方法克服了传统K-均值算法硬分类的缺陷,可以有效地提高遥感图像聚类精度.对Landsat5 TM卫星数据的聚类分析实验表明,在含有混合像元的遥感图像地物覆盖分类中,改进的K-均值聚类方法的分类效果要优于传统K-均值聚类方法.     

JPEG 2000压缩对遥感影像监督分类精度的影响

遥感图像压缩会影响分类精度,是值得研究的问题。以高分辨率遥感影像(Quick Bird)的监督分类精度评定为尺度,采用ER Mapper软件的JPEG 2000图像压缩模块对图像进行压缩,再在eCognition软件中对这9种压缩比图像进行面向对象的监督分类,生成分类精度报告。通过分析分类精度的变化,研究了JPEG 2000压缩对遥感影像分类的影响程度及其在遥感影像压缩方面的应用潜力。     

基于相位一致的高分辨率遥感图像分割方法

基于分水岭变换的图像分割性能在很大程度上依赖于用来计算待分割图像梯度的算法。根据频域相位信息对图像特征的表征能力,引入相位一致的思想计算图像特征,应用Log Gabor小波提取高分辨率遥感图像的多尺度梯度。接着在对相位一致梯度进行分水岭分割时发现,在抑制分水岭算法的过度分割方面,经典的基于前景标记和背景标记的方法并不适合于遥感图像的分割,给出一种基于前景标记和梯度重建的分水岭算法。对IKONOS Pan图像上的农田、厂房和居民楼等地物进行特征提取和图像分割实验,结果表明相位一致方法优于空域特征检测算子,根据相位一致特征得到较好的分水岭分割结果。     

Detecting shadows in multi-temporal aerial imagery to support near-real-time change detection

Multi-temporal aerial imagery captured via an approach called repeat station imaging (RSI) facilitates post-hazard assessment of damage to infrastructure. Spectral-radiometric (SR) variations caused by differences in shadowing may inhibit successful change detection based on image differencing. This study evaluates a novel approach to shadow classification based on bi-temporal imagery, which exploits SR change signatures associated with transient shadows. Changes in intensity (brightness from red–green–blue images) and intensity-normalized blue waveband values provide a basis for classifying transient shadows across a range of material types with unique reflectance properties, using thresholds that proved versatile for very different scenes. We derive classification thresholds for persistent shadows based on hue to intensity ratio (H/I) images, by exploiting statistics obtained from transient shadow areas. We assess shadow classification accuracy based on this procedure, and compare it to the more conventional approach of thresholding individual H/I images based on frequency distributions. Our efficient and semi-automated shadow classification procedure shows improved mean accuracy (93.3%) and versatility with different image sets over the conventional approach (84.7%). For proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that overlaying bi-temporal imagery also facilitates normalization of intensity values in transient shadow areas, as part of an integrated procedure to support near-real-time change detection.     

European forest cover mapping with high resolution satellite data: The Carpathians case study

The aim of the study was to elaborate a methodology for forest mapping based on high resolution satellite data, relevant for reporting on forest cover and spatial pattern changes in Europe. The Carpathians were selected as a case study area and mapped using 24 Landsat scenes, processed independently with a supervised approach combining image segmentation, knowledge-based rules to extract a training set and the maximum likelihood decision rule. Validation was done with available very high resolution imagery. Overall accuracies per scene ranged from 93 to 96%. The labelling disagreement in overlapping areas of adjacent scenes was 6.8% on average.     

遥感信息图谱支持的土地覆盖自动分类

遥感数据的海量堆积与应用信息的匮乏日益凸显信息认知提取的重要性,在地学信息图谱方法论的指导下,同时参考视觉认知流程,提出了遥感信息图谱认知方法用于遥感数据的自动解译。在地理信息系统的统一框架下逐步挖掘多源遥感数据的"图"、"谱"特征并进行图谱耦合分析,通过多尺度分割、特征分析、监督学习等关键步骤完成"察觉—分辨—确认"的地学认知流程,初步满足自动化和智能化应用需求。在土地覆盖信息自动解译应用中建立了基于"图谱"先验知识的管理与运用机制以实现自动化,采用机器学习算法提升智能化程度,并以自适应迭代控制模型使结果精度向最优逼近。选取了珠江三角洲的试验区域进行了基于ALOS多光谱影像的土地覆盖自动分类,结果符合预期,说明了本文方法的可行性。     

纹理特征遥感影像分割研究

影像分割是面向对象的分类思想应用于遥感影像信息自动提取的基础,纹理是影像的基本特征,是影像分析、理解和识别的重要信息,纹理特性的有效表达和抽取,是基于纹理影像分割的前提。本文系统概述了近年来各类文献中使用频率较高的基于纹理的遥感影像分割方法,并以基于统计的方法、基于纹理结构的方法、基于模型的方法和基于空间/频率的方法四种基本类型为主线,对每一类分割方法的特点进行了分析和总结,在此基础上指出了基于纹理特征遥感影像分割的研究趋势。     

粗糙集高分辨率遥感影像面向对象分类

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像分类已受到研究者们的广泛关注。本文提出一种基于粗糙集理论的面向对象分类方法以区分高分辨率遥感影像上的不同地物。首先,利用基于相位一致梯度与前景标记的分水岭变换进行影像分割,提取图像斑块;然后,利用Gabor小波提取斑块的纹理特征,进而根据粗糙集理论提取纹理分类规则;最后,在对象光谱特征的初步分类结果,根据纹理分类规则得到最终结果基础上。依据粗糙集理论只能处理离散属性数据,本文重点提出一种适用于面向对象分类的连续区间属性离散化方法。实验表明本文方法可取得较好分类结果与较高分类精度。     

基于TM影像的面向对象地表覆被信息提取

为验证基于TM影像的面向对象分类方法对复杂地区地表覆被信息提取的可行性,以地处西南地区的渝北为例进行实验。利用样本数据对各个波段的光谱特征进行分析,取得对各波段覆被探测能力的初步认识;基于光谱特征的多尺度分割,运用面向对象分类方法对其分类。面向对象的分类方法总精度和Kappa系数分别为88.42%和0.854 7,将其与监督、非监督分类结果对比分析。结果表明,该方法有效抑制了"椒盐"现象,取得较好的分类结果。     

Comparing supervised and unsupervised multiresolution segmentation approaches for extracting buildings from very high resolution imagery

Although multiresolution segmentation (MRS) is a powerful technique for dealing with very high resolution imagery, some of the image objects that it generates do not match the geometries of the target objects, which reduces the classification accuracy. MRS can, however, be guided to produce results that approach the desired object geometry using either supervised or unsupervised approaches. Although some studies have suggested that a supervised approach is preferable, there has been no comparative evaluation of these two approaches. Therefore, in this study, we have compared supervised and unsupervised approaches to MRS. One supervised and two unsupervised segmentation methods were tested on three areas using QuickBird and WorldView-2 satellite imagery. The results were assessed using both segmentation evaluation methods and an accuracy assessment of the resulting building classifications. Thus, differences in the geometries of the image objects and in the potential to achieve satisfactory thematic accuracies were evaluated. The two approaches yielded remarkably similar classification results, with overall accuracies ranging from 82% to 86%. The performance of one of the unsupervised methods was unexpectedly similar to that of the supervised method; they identified almost identical scale parameters as being optimal for segmenting buildings, resulting in very similar geometries for the resulting image objects. The second unsupervised method produced very different image objects from the supervised method, but their classification accuracies were still very similar. The latter result was unexpected because, contrary to previously published findings, it suggests a high degree of independence between the segmentation results and classification accuracy. The results of this study have two important implications. The first is that object-based image analysis can be automated without sacrificing classification accuracy, and the second is that the previously accepted idea that classification is dependent on segmentation is challenged by our unexpected results, casting doubt on the value of pursuing ‘optimal segmentation’. Our results rather suggest that as long as under-segmentation remains at acceptable levels, imperfections in segmentation can be ruled out, so that a high level of classification accuracy can still be achieved.     

高分辨率多光谱影像城区建筑物提取研究

城区高空间分辨率遥感数据由于存在大量同物异谱和异物同谱现象,应用传统的基于像元光谱分类的方法进行建筑物分类提取难以取得满意的效果。本文发展了一种从高分辨率Ikonos卫星影像上基于知识规则的面向对象分类提取城区建筑物方法,包括如下步骤：(1)融合1m全色和4m多光谱波段影像,生成1m分辨率的多光谱融合影像;（2）分割融合影像;（3）执行基于对象光谱的最近邻监督分类;（4）应用模糊逻辑分类器结合光谱、空间、纹理和上下文特征等知识规则进行建筑物分类。精度统计结果表明,本文提出的分类方法提取城区建筑物取得了93%的精度。     

粗糙集理论进行遥感图像监督分类的样本质量评价的研究

In the supervised classification process of remotely sensed imagery, the quantity of samples is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of the image classification as well as the keys used to evaluate the image classification. In general, the samples are acquired on the basis of prior knowledge, experience and higher resolution images. With the same size of samples and the same sampling model, several sets of training sample data can be obtained. In such sets, which set reflects perfect spectral characteristics and ensure the accuracy of the classification can be known only after the accuracy of the classification has been assessed. So, before classification, it would be a meaningful research to measure and assess the quality of samples for guiding and optimizing the consequent classification process. Then, based on the rough set, a new measuring index for the sample quality is proposed. The experiment data is the Landsat TM imagery of the Chinese Yellow River Delta on August 8th, 1999. The experiment compares the Bhattacharrya distance matrices and purity index zl and △x based on rough set theory of 5 sample data and also analyzes its effect on sample quality.