差分GPS水下立体定位导航系统的时间测量

差分GPS水下立体定位系统是通过测量同一水声信号到达不同浮标的时刻,计算水下收发机到各枚浮标的距离差,实现水下立体双曲线交会定位的。本文对水下立体定位导航系统的数学模型进行了推导。根据差分GPS水下立体定位导航系统的要求对GPS接收机时钟同步进行了详细分析,同时对GPS接收机接口数据输出和支持的三种时间测量方案进行了介绍,并对时间延迟进行了分析。     

差分GPS水下立体定位系统

差分GPS水下立体定位系统包括GPS差分基准站、GPS浮标、水下收发机、船基控制中心四部分。差分基准站提供GPS差分改正,实现浮标内置GPS高精度实时定位。GPS浮标完成水上和水下的集成,检测水下收发机发射的定位信号并测量信号到达的时间,同时将各种数据发送到船基控制中心。船基控制中心接收各个浮标的数据后实时解算水下收发机的位置,同时将结果发送给水下收发机。本文首先对系统的总体构成和各个部分的功能进行了介绍,然后详细推导了系统定位算法,最后结合系统试验情况给出了系统试验精度统计结果。     

一种水下运动目标高精度定位方法

提出基于差分GPS（DGPS）技术和超短基线水声定位技术的水下运动目标定位方法,并推导出定位解算数学模型。所构建的水下运动目标定位系统,经工程实践证明,定位精度优于2m。     

DGPS水下立体定位系统的解析求解算法

差分GPS水下立体定位系统通过测量目标到两个浮标的距离差来进行空间定位,由于这种双曲线定位模型在进行迭代计算时容易发散,所以本文根据空间浮标和目标的空间几何关系,提出了一种空间双曲线交会的直接算法,该方法能够直接求解目标点的空间坐标,且不存在定位结果的发散问题。     

多通道GPS浮标接收机数据管理

差分GPS水下立体定位系统所有数据都是通过无线电台发送到船基控制中心,船基控制中心通过一个多通道浮标接收机同时接收所有浮标数据,并将所收到的数据通过串口发送控制中心的计算机。合理、高效地从接收到的数据中分离出各个浮标的数据,并从单浮标数据中分离各个数据语句是实现系统稳定工作的关键。本文提出基于链表、队列数据结构的多通道浮标接收机的数据分离和同步数据提取算法,实现了多通道GPS浮标接收机数据管理,软件运行的结果显示该算法高效地为水下GPS定位系统的状态监视和定位解算提供了正确的数据。     

差分水下GPS定位空间网的布设研究

本文简要介绍了差分水下GPS定位的原理。推导了差分水下GPS定位向量表示模型,使用矩阵体积法对差分水下GPS空间网设计矩阵进行了分析,给出了空间网布设的几点建议,提出了一种适合差分水下GPS定位的星形空间网布设方案。     

差分GPS水下立体定位系统浮标姿态的测量

三维数字罗盘可以实时输出载体的二维姿态和地理方位角。在差分GPS精密水下立体定位系统中,可以用于GPS浮标姿态测定,进行GPS天线坐标实时三维改正。本文对三维数字罗盘工作原理进行了简要介绍,并针对三维数字罗盘与GPS同步问题进行了详细分析,同时给出了GPS天线坐标改正公式。     

基于GPS／BDS组合的浅海AUV定位性能分析

针对水下机器人在浅海工作时定位误差大的问题,在浅海电磁波信号衰减不大的情况下,文中重点介绍一种基于GPS/BDS双模组合定位技术的浅海水下机器人高精度定位导航系统,为了比较双模定位系统的定位性能,设置了GPS和BDS单模定位系统作对比,提出了使用中值滤波算法和卡尔曼滤波算法相结合的定位数据处理方法,通过对双模定位系统测试数据的滤波处理,得出系统的定位性能。测试结果表明,双模定位系统的定位精度要高于单模定位系统;中值滤波和卡尔曼滤波相结合算法的应用能够明显提高双模定位系统的定位精度。      

水下差分GPS定位系统差自修正迭代算法研究

在水下差分GPS定位中，星形空间网具有良好的图形强度，可以快速得到一定精度的初始坐标解。本文研究了水下差分GPS定位模型及其算法，并提出了一种系统差自修正迭代算法，以提高水下定位的可靠性。     

改进的粒子滤波及其在GPS动态定位中的应用

针对城市环境中GPS动态定位系统的特点,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的GPS动态定位算法。与传统卡尔曼滤波算法相比,该算法利用观测伪距误差分布建立重要的密度函数,能够处理噪声符合非高斯分布的情况,且无需对观测方程线性化,提高了GPS动态定位的精度。通过实际算例分析,验证了该算法的有效性。     

预处理共轭梯度法解病态问题及在GPS中的应用

介绍测量数据处理中病态问题的岭估计思想及确定岭参数的方法。引入预处理共轭梯度法求解病态法方程组,说明算法的基本原理和它能有效减弱病态性的原因。用一个GPS差分动态定位的实例,通过与不同岭估计方法的对比分析,验证该方法是一个有效的数值迭代算法。     

A combined algorithm of improving INS error modeling and sensor measurements for accurate INS/GPS navigation

Although the integrated system of a differential global positioning system (DGPS) and an inertial navigation system (INS) had been widely used in many geodetic navigation applications, it has sometimes a major limitation. This limitation is associated with the frequent occurrence of DGPS outages caused by GPS signal blockages in certain situations (urban areas, high trees, tunnels, etc.). In the standard mechanization of INS/DGPS navigation, the DGPS is used for positioning while the INS is used for attitude determination. In case of GPS signal blockages, positioning is provided using the INS instead of the GPS until satellite signals are obtained again with sufficient accuracy. Since the INS has a very short-time accuracy, the accuracy of the provided INS navigation parameters during these periods decreases with time. However, the obtained accuracy in these cases is totally dependent on the INS error model and on the quality of the INS sensor data. Therefore, enhanced navigation parameters could be obtained during DGPS outages if better inertial error models are implemented and better quality inertial measurements are used. In this paper, it will be shown that better INS error models are obtained using autoregressive processes for modeling inertial sensor errors instead of Gauss–Markov processes that are implemented in most of the current inertial systems and, on the other hand, that the quality of inertial data is improved using wavelet multi-resolution techniques. The above two methods are discussed and then a combined algorithm of both techniques is applied. The performance of each method as well as of the combined algorithm is analyzed using land-vehicle INS/DGPS data with induced DGPS outage periods. In addition to the considerable navigation accuracy improvement obtained from each single method, the results showed that the combined algorithm is better than both methods by more than 30%.     

Algorithm for carrier-adjusted DGPS positioning and some numerical results

This paper derives a DGPS positioning algorithm, referred to as the algorithm for carrier-adjusted DGPS positioning. This algorithm can be applied by a DGPS user when code and carrier observations are available and when the dynamic behaviours of both mobile positions and receiver-clock biases can and cannot be modelled. Since the algorithm directly uses code and carrier observations, the stochastic model of observations has a simple structure and can be easily specified. When the dynamic behaviour of mobile positions can be modelled, the algorithm can provide recursive solutions of the positions, on the other hand, when the behaviour cannot be modelled, it can provide their instantaneous solutions. Furthermore, the algorithm can integrate with a real-time quality-control procedure so that the quality of the position estimates can be guaranteed with a certain probability. Since in the use of the algorithm there always exist redundant observations unless the position parameters are inestimable, the quality control can even be performed when only four satellites are tracked. Using the algorithm and real GPS data collected at a 100-km baseline, this contribution investigates how DGPS positioning accuracies vary with the type of observables used at reference and mobile stations, and how important it is to choose an elevation-dependent standard deviation for code observations in DGPS data reduction. It was found that using carrier observations along with code observations is more important at the reference station than at the mobile station. Choosing an elevation-dependent standard deviation for code observations can result in better positioning accuracy than choosing a constant standard deviation for code observations. For the 100-km baseline, half-metre single-epoch positioning accuracy was achieved when dual-frequency data was used at both reference and mobile stations. The positioning accuracy became better than 0.75m when the types of observable used at the mobile station were replaced by L1 code and carrier. Received: 9 April 1996 / Accepted: 6 February 1997     

GPS手机的差分定位系统研究

提高GPS手机的定位精度具有很广阔的应用前景,本文研究GPS手机的实时定位差分系统的设计和实现方法。该系统采用基准站广播位置差分值、移动站实时处理的差分GPS方案,其主要优点是定位精度高、改正速度快、设备简单、操作方便;分析了位置差分GPS的定位误差,给出了测量结果。理论分析和测试结果都表明,该系统的差分定位精度比手机GPS直接定位相对提高31m左右,定位误差达4m左右,能够满足相关领域测量精度要求。     

基于空间双曲交会的GNSS伪距单点定位算法

针对GNSS卫星导航中的伪距单点定位,提出一种不需要测站坐标近似值的非迭代算法。该算法将GNSS伪距导航定位方程转化为空间双曲定位方程,给出具体的解算步骤,研究了空间双曲定位方程的解(有两解),利用GNSS伪距导航定位的特点可消除多值性,从而实现无初值GNSS伪距单点定位。该算法与Bancroft算法相比,通过星间单差,与测站有关的公共误差项被消去,提高了定位精度;与传统的迭代算法相比,提高了计算效率,而且不需要测站坐标初值。最后通过IGS监测站实测数据对3种算法进行比较,验证了算法的有效性。     

Generation of differential GPS corrections along with performance of quality control

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双移动载体GPS精密相对定位研究

GPS双移动载波相位差分技术的关键,是如何实现可变基线条件下整周模糊度的快速解算。为此,本文详细地讨论了其确定整周模糊度的方法,并设计了检验该技术精度的实验方案;实算结果表明,用该技术获得了厘米级的相对定位精度。     

Generation of differential GPS corrections along with performance of quality control

The DGPS technique can provide considerably better relative positioning accuracy than the stand-alone GPS positioning, but the improvement depends on the distance between the user and the reference station (spatial correlation), the latency of differential corrections (temporal correlation), and the quality of differential corrections. Therefore, how to correctly generate differential corrections as well as their pricision is very important to the DGPS positioning technique. This paper presents a new algorithm for generating differential GPS corrections. This algorithm directly uses code and carrier observations in the measurement model of a Kalman filter, so that it is possible to use a simple stochastic model and to use the standard algorithm of the Kalman filter. The algorithm accounts for biases like multipath errors and instrumental delays in code observations and it shows how differential corrections are differently affected by code biases when dual or single frequency data is used. In addition, the algorithm can be integrated with a real time quality control procedure. As a result, the quality of differential corrections can be guaranteed with a certain probability.     

基于移动基准站DGPS整周模糊度快速求解的研究

讨论了移动基准站GPS载波相位差分技术的关键,研究了其确定整周模糊度的方法,设计了检验该技术精度的试验方案,实现了厘米级的相对定位精度。     

Studies of storm-enhanced density impact on DGPS using IGS reference station data

DGPS services are provided in support of land and marine applications by many government agencies worldwide. Horizontal positioning accuracies in the order of several metres are typically achieved for these systems. Under high levels of ionospheric activity, however, significant degradations in DGPS positioning accuracies can occur. In particular, gradients of up to 50 ppm are associated with a feature known as storm-enhanced density (SED). This feature is a localized enhancement of total electron content (TEC) extending north through the mid-latitudes into the polar region. DGPS positioning errors of 20 m or more can persist for hours during such events. In this paper, archived IGS data from GPS reference stations are used to derive high-resolution TEC maps for two SED events. The impact of SED effects on DGPS horizontal positioning accuracies is then quantified using data from select IGS reference stations in North America and Europe. Results indicate that positioning accuracies may be degraded by factors as large as 10–20 during such events.