超高分子量聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯网线的拉伸力学性能比较研究

在标准实验室环境里，对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)网线的拉伸力学性能进行了比较研究。结果表明：UHMWPE网线较HDPE网线具有较高的强度、拉伸模量和结强损失率；而HDPE网线较UHMWPE网线具有较高的断裂伸长率。结论可供渔具设计及网线材料选配时参考。     

网片破裂强度的测定及分析

本文通过四个系列网片的强度的实验室测定，认为网片破裂强度降与网线材料和规格有关外，还与网片规格、使用方向、相对干湿状态以及网片拉伸热处理方法有关；网片在受纵、横向力时所表现出的强度的差异主要依赖于其结市方式和定型热处理时的拉伸方向。     

南方鲇的排粪量及消化率同日粮水平、体重和温度的关系

于１９８８年２月－１９８９年２月测定了南方鲇幼鱼的排粪量，从而估算共消化率。结果表明，当水温为２５℃时，在日粮水平分别是体重的１％，２％，４％和达饱食的条件下，平均消化率分别为摄入食物能量的８０．３２％，８４．９４％，８８．４０％ｔ ８７．２７％；在平均初始体重分别为８．７２，２５．４３，４５．１６，７８．１８和１２７．５ｇ的实验组中，平均消化率分别为８６．５９％，８１．１５％，９０．３８％，８６     

青岛逆温层特征及其对空气质量的影响分析

利用2006-2012年青岛站逐日08时和20时（北京时）的探空资料,研究了青岛市大气逆温层特征和变化规律以及大气逆温层和城市空气质量之间的关系.结果表明,青岛的逆温在春季最多,夏季最少,以接地逆温为主.接地逆温层平均厚度为290.6 m,最大厚度可达1443m;平均强度为0.56℃·（100m）-1,最大强度为10.00℃·（100 m）-1.空气污染前和污染时出现的逆温中,接地逆温占73.2％.空气污染前24 h内的20时和污染时08时的逆温强度与污染日API呈正相关关系,逆温层厚度与空气质量关系不明显.中度以上污染时,08时接地逆温强度与污染日API相关系数达0.99,通过0.001的置信度检验.     

南麂海域风浪的平均波陡与平均波龄统计分布

利用南麂海洋站１９８１－１９９０年实测波浪资料，探讨了该海域风浪的平均波陡与平均波龄的统计分布特征。分析结果：当风浪平均波陡介于０．０２－０．０４时，其出现频率各季在８２％以上；当风浪平均波龄介于０．５－１．２时，其出现频率各季在７８％以上；当风浪的平均波陡与平均波龄介于０．０２－０．０４和０．５－１．０时，其出现频率为５３．５％－６９．６％。     

WRF Hybrid方法同化HY-2A散射计风资料在台风“菲特”预报中的应用

选取台风"菲特"(Fitow,201323)临近登陆过程为试验个例,在WRF模式基础上,采用4种不同的初始化方案,对台风"菲特"进行了72 h预报试验,并分析了模式的初始化对预报效果的影响。试验结果表明,对于台风路径的预报,使用集合平均作为初始场进行预报,预报结果相对直接使用GFS资料作为初始场进行预报的结果有明显改善,使用3DVAR同化方法,将HY-2A卫星散射计风场资料同化到集合平均的初始场中,台风路径预报进一步有所改善,而使用Hybrid同化方法将HY-2A卫星散射计风场资料同化到集合平均的初始场中,台风路径进而又有明显改善;但是在台风强度方面的预报,4种初始化方案效果不相上下。     

海底管道的初始屈服研究

本文由ＶｏｎＭｉｓｅｓ屈服准则，建立了承受弯曲与外压联合作用下的海底输油（气）管道的初始屈服公式。公式中考虑了实际管道的初始椭圆率。对深水域管道的初始屈服强度作了数值预测。给出了各种参数对屈服强度的影响曲线     

2008年西北太平洋热带气旋特征分析

本文对2008年编号的热带气旋进行了统计分析,发现2008年编号的热带气旋与多年平均相比,呈现的特征为全年总个数偏少,登陆热带气旋数目偏多,强度偏强,登陆热带气旋初始登陆时间比多年平均初始登陆时间偏早,编号热带气旋各月分布特征基本与热带气旋各月分布的气候特征基本一致。从2008年和气候平均的副热带高压和赤道附近降水大值区的对比来看,2008年大气环流和赤道辐合带都对2008年热带气旋个数偏少有贡献。     

热带气旋进入北部湾后强度突变的天气气候特征分析

本文按近海热带气旋强度突变的标准，对１９７０～１９９０年进入北部湾后强度发生突变的热带气旋进行分类统计，发现有如下的气候特征：每年平均有３２个热带气旋进入北部湾，其中强度变化不大的占总数的５２％；强度突然减弱的占总数的４２％；强度突然增强的占总数的６％。强度变化不大和强度突然减弱的发生在５～１１月，强度突然增强的发生在８～９月。本文对进入北部湾的热带气旋强度增强的天气类型进行分类，归纳起来分为四种天气类型：副热带高压型；赤道辐合带型；季风低槽型和锋面低槽型，这些结果将对天气预报有很大的帮助     

淋溶在红树植物秋茄落叶分解失重中的潜在作用

于１９８６年冬－１９８９年秋在福建省九龙江口，连续３年分季节进行红树植物秋茄落叶在林地滩面的分解实验，并在室内测定其落叶和腐叶的可溶性物质含量，定量探讨淋溶在落叶分解失重中的潜在作用。结果表明，可溶性物质平均占落叶干重的２７．２６％，这些可溶性物质中的８７％在分解初期的快速淋溶阶段迅速损失，可导致落叶初始干重损失２４％。快速淋溶阶段持续时间平均分别是，春季３６ｄ，夏季，１３ｄ，秋季，１７ｄ，冬季５     

渔用高强度聚乙烯和普通聚乙烯绞捻网片的拉伸力学性能比较研究

为给深水网箱设计与渔用材料的合理选配提供依据,应用ISO1806等对渔用高强度聚乙烯绞捻网片(以下简称HSPE绞捻网片)和普通聚乙烯绞捻网片(以下简称PE绞捻网片)的拉伸力学性能进行了比较研究。结果表明,(1)在同等条件下,36股HSPE绞捻网片的网目连接点断裂强力和网片单线断裂强力分别比52股PE绞捻网片增加了3.1%,3.7%;而前者的目脚直径和网片阻力可较后者减少19.6%。(2)对网片强力进行了再现性研究,36股HSPE和52股PE绞捻网片网目连接点断裂强力的标准偏差分别为35.93N,25.61N,再现性标准偏差分别为31.07N,36.93N;网片单线断裂强力的标准偏差分别为19.91N,13.49N,再现性标准偏差分别为20.48N,15.49N;网片强力测试数据的变异系数均小于4%;表示测试结果的分散性较小。(3)36股HSPE绞捻网片成本可较52股PE绞捻网片减少38.9%,其在渔业生产中进行推广应用具有可行性。(4)GB/T4925作为一个标准,对绞捻网片来说,存在不足,建议对GB/T4925进行修订。     

A theoretical study of the factors which influence the measurement of fishing netting mesh size

A theoretical investigation is carried out of the mesh size measurement of an idealized fishing netting mesh. It is assumed that the bending moment of the netting twine is proportional to curvature and that there is no twine extension and no cross-sectional deformation of the twine. The corresponding momentum and force balance equations are analyzed. The measurement method our analysis most approximates is that of the ICES gauge. The effect on mesh measurement of twine bending stiffness, frictional resistance, boundary slope, gauge force and gauge thickness are all examined.     

Drag on Hydroid-Fouled Nets – An Experimental Approach

The present study investigated the drag increase on aquaculture nets due to biofouling of the colonial hydroid Ectopleura larynx. It had two main parts: firstly the growth characteristics of E. larynx were investigated by use of field tests at a Norwegian aquaculture site; secondly the hydrodynamic drag on the fouled twines was studied in a towing tank by using fabricated models of net twines with artificial hydroid fouling. In the field tests, the growth of the hydroids was first measured after three weeks of immersion and then again after six weeks. During this interval, the density of hydroids and the thickness of the hydroid stem were almost constant(1.4 hydroids/mm and 0.29 mm, respectively), while the average length of the hydroids increased from 6.4 to 11.2 mm. The hydroid length followed a Rayleigh distribution, while the thickness was normal(Gaussian) distributed. Replicas of twines with three different levels of hydroid growth were made(1.5 hydroids/mm twine, hydroid length 9 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm), and the drag on these twines was measured at different towing velocities(0.1 to 1.4 m/s) and with different twine configurations. For the twine with the shortest hydroids(9 mm), the drag was from 1.5 times(Re=4000) to 2.2 times(Re=1000) the drag on a clean twine. For the longest hydroids(21 mm), the drag was 2 times and 3.8 times, respectively.     

FPSO典型焊接接头残余应力释放数值预报

浮式生产储油卸油船(FPSO)经历满载和卸载,油船试验和多变的波浪载荷.此时结构中较高的初始残余应力常常已被释放,很大程度上影响了此类结构疲劳强度估算准确性.应用三维弹塑性有限元方法模拟FPSO典型焊接接头的残余应力释放,并用试验数据进行验证.对结构在变幅循环载荷下的残余应力释放进行研究,得到相关的残余应力释放预报公式.从而为提高FPSO在实际载况下疲劳强度估算准确性提供有价值参考.     

Dynamic behavior of tension-leg platform with net-cage system subjected to wave forces

In this study a typical tension-leg platform with net cage system is presented, and a set of equations of motion for the platform with a net-cage system of a simplified two-dimensional case are derived. Subsequently a close form solution is obtained when the wave-structure interaction between the top platform structure and the incident wave is considered. The parameter of solidity as a ratio of the twine diameter and the mesh size of the cage is also taken into account in the analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic behavior for the tension-leg platform with a net-cage system and its pre-tensioned tethers when subjected to incident waves and flow drags, and furthermore, to understand the relationship between the structure behavior and the properties of the net-cages. Numerical examples are carried out and the results are discussed focusing on the motion of both the platform and net-cages when subjected to waves of a range of periods. It is found that there is a close relationship between the dynamic behavior of the platform and the net-cage features such as the solidity ratio between the twine diameter and the mesh size of the net-cage while the parameters related to waves are held constant.     

Flow through nets and trawls of low porosity

In trawls intended for harvesting marine zooplankton the mesh size and twine thickness may be as small as O(10⁻⁴ m), the porosity less than 0.5 and the appropriate Reynolds number O(10⁰−10²). The flow locally through the meshes varies strongly with the Reynolds number in this range, and the entire flow field, filtered volume and drag of such nets therefore depend strongly on the net parameters and towing velocity.This paper presents a simplified model for the flow through and forces on inclined permeable screens based on pressure drop considerations. For conical nets the model provides simple expressions for the filtration efficiency and drag as functions of twine diameter, mesh opening, porosity, taper angle and flow (towing) velocity. Comparisons with test tank measurements of typical plankton nets show good agreement.     

A Simple Empirical Formula for Predicting the Ultimate Strength of Ship Plates with Elastically Restrained Edges in Axial Compression

An investigation is conducted on the static ultimate limit state assessment of ship hull plates with elastically restrained edges subjected to axial compression. Both material and geometric non-linearities were considered in finite element(FE) analysis. The initial geometric imperfection of the plate was considered, while the residual stress introduced by welding was not considered. The ultimate strength of simply supported ship hull plates compared well with the existing empirical formula to validate the correctness of the applied boundary conditions, initial imperfection and mesh size. The extensive FE calculations on the ultimate strength of ship hull plates with elastically restrained edges are presented. Then a new simple empirical formula for plate ultimate strength is developed, which includes the effect of the rotational restraint stiffness, rotational restraint stiffness, and aspect ratios. By applying the new formula and FE method to ship hull plates in real ships, a good coincidence of the results between these two methods is obtained, which indicates that the new formula can accurately predict the ultimate strength of ship hull plates with elastically restrained edges.     

拖网的网袖结构对其性能的影响

将拖网袖端由单燕尾改为双燕尾结构,改善了拖网上纲和网袖网线的受力,有利于网口的垂直扩张。经网模水池对此试验验证,双燕尾袖端结构对于提高拖网网口垂直扩张具有较为明显的效果,且根据试验观察,设计网在常规拖曳速度下,网形良好、稳定。理论分析与试验结果相符。     

The dragged surge motion of tension-leg type fish cage system subjected to multi-interactions among wave and structures

In this paper, a typical tension-leg type net cage system is analyzed, and a set of motion equations for the cage system in the simplified two-dimensional case is derived. Subsequently, a close form analytical solution is obtained when all of the multi-interactions between the top platform structure, the incident wave, and the motion of both the tether and net are considered. The parameter of solidity as a ratio of the twine diameter to the mesh size of the cage is also taken into account in the analysis. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dragged surge motion of the tension-leg type cage system when subjected to incident waves and flow drags on the net-cages. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of the platform is compared to the case when the net-cage drag is not considered. Numerical examples are carried out in a range of periods of waves, and the results are discussed focusing on the motion of both the platform and cage. It was found that there is a significant influence of the net-cage drag on the surge motion of the entire structural system. Various parameters such as the material property, twine diameter, mesh size and the dimension of the net-cages were considered. It was found that the vibration of the net-cage system might be significantly overestimated if the drag effect of the net and tethers is neglected.