New M-Type Variables in Galactic Dark Clouds

The results of the spectral classification of newly discovered M-type variables obtained as part of an H-alpha survey of Galactic dark cloud regions are presented. The survey was carried out with the 40 Schmidt camera of Byurakan Observatory, and the spectra of the variable stars for the classification were obtained with the Observatory's 2.6-m telescope. The observational material allowed register of late M-type variables as well as their brightness variations. Among the 97 newly discovered M-type stars, 22 show brightness variations. The results of the spectral classification of these new variables show that 21 out of 22 are red giants, and in all probability they are Mira Ceti type long period variables.     

狐狸座BW星脉动周期变化的再分析

本文收集了BW Vul迄今已知的全部光度极大发生时刻,在认真分析不同资料来源可靠性的基础上,只选用那些观测精度较好的光电测光资料共166个光度极大时刻实测值。对这些数据进行周期分析后求得该星的光度极大时刻可用公式(按日心儒略日计算): T_(max)=HJD2428802.7250+0.201027291E+9.35×10~(-11)E~2 ±16 56 ± 5来很好地加以描述。以前所认为的周期突变或长周期性变化,完全是可信度极差的观测资料引入的假象。按上述公式处理后的(O—C)值仍有±0.007天左右的无规起伏,可能主要是由观测误差引起的,但也不排除一部分是真实的,即说明脉动周期不是绝对严格的。     

Period search using the DMRT method: The properties of the test function

The test function for the method proposed by DUMONT, MORGULEFF, RUTILY, and TERZAN (1978) is investigated analytically and numerically for some examples with constant and variable periods. The properties of the test function of the DMRT method are discussed in comparison with that of the leastsquare method.     

天文因子与中国大地震活动趋势预测

根据太阳活动与月亮运动周期预测１９８８年开始的中国大地震活跃期已经基本结束,从现在起到２０００年中国大陆发生Ｍｓ≥７０地震的可能性很小。     

Are the small active regions related to the decay of the larger ones?

According to several properties, the active regions are divided in two groups whose limit is roughly set at 10²¹ Mx. A statistical analysis indicates that the small regions emerge almost exclusively in the remnant magnetic regions, resulting from the decay of previous active centers. According to these facts, a tentative picture is proposed, where the small active regions and perhaps also the ephemeral ones, are the secondary effects after the decay of the large active regions and complexes of activity.     

The crustal dichotomy of Mars

The crustal dichotomy of Mars describes the topographic division between the young plains in the northern hemisphere and the old terrain in the southern hemisphere. The highland-lowland boundary separates the younger plains from the older, high-standing terrain and consists of three geologically-distinct regions: the Tharsis Province, the chaotic terrain, and the fretted terrain (which includes gradational boundary types)-all are characterised by tensional tectonics. This paper presents new geological evidence that shows the topographic division at the fretted terrain formed in the late Noachian-early Hesperian time period: the same time period in which the Tharsis Province and chaotic terrain formed, and fracturing of a southern-hemisphere-type surface beneath the northern plains occurred. These are inherent features of the crustal dichotomy, indicating it must have also formed during the late Noachian-early Hesperian time period. An analogy is made between the northern lowlands and sedimentary basins on Earth: both are basin like and are surrounded by provinces that have been subjected to pronounced tensional tectonics. This paper uses the White and McKenzie model (1989a) to propose that a lithospheric-stretching event on Mars, in the late Noachian-early Hesperian time period, produced the crustal dichotomy; the Tharsis Province formed by uplift (over a sub-surface hotspot) and gave rise to lithospheric stretching, and the northern lowlands formed by subsidence (over normal asthenospheric temperatures). Detachment faults, operating from the Tharsis Province and around northern lowlands, allowed structural equilibrium and large lithospheric extensions to be attained during this period: they also defined the geometry of the lowlands. The proposal is supported with calculations used to estimate the amount of subsidence that can be achieved in this way.     

Variability of long-period pulsating stars. III. Changes in the parameters of humps at the ascending branch

The properties of such phenomena as the appearance of humps at the ascending branch or double peaks in the light curve of long-period pulsating stars are examined. The characteristics of humps and the average light curves are obtained for a group of Mira-type stars and semiregular (SRa) variable stars. Correlations between the parameters of the light curves and the characteristics of the humps for these stars are discussed. The results obtained here are compared with published theoretical models. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 99–105 (February 2007).     

Morphological study of the solar granulation

High resolution images of the solar granulation show the presence of the small dot-like dark regions in the granulation cells. From the study of the characteristics of these dark regions, it is found that the dark regions are formed without any relations to the presence of the magnetic field. Moreover, it is observed that a granulation cell splits in a few minutes after the formation of the dark regions in the cell. Similarities and differences between the granules with the dark regions and the so-called exploding granules are discussed.     

The spectroscopic period of the Cepheid SU Cassiopeiae

The spectroscopic period of the short periodic Cepheid SU Cas was determined from the radial velocity measurements by ABT, GIEREN and HÄUPL. The calculated period is 1.949312 days. Radial velocity differences between measurements by GIEREN and HÄUPL are explained as velocity zero point of the used spectrographs. The zero point of the Tautenburg Coudé spectrograph was determined by measuring the radial velocity standard star ϵ Leo. The difference to the standard value was -0.7 km/s. No significant differences are found between the spectroscopic period and light curve of SU Cas in the last 35 years.     

Extreme ultraviolet observations of active regions in the chromosphere and the corona

New observations of solar active regions have been obtained by the Harvard College Observatory EUV spectroheliometer aboard the OSO-IV spacecraft. From the observations we have determined the enhancement in active regions of the emission from ions formed at various temperatures in the chromosphere and corona. The results are in accord with a simple model of active regions, for which the active region pressure is about 5 times the quiet sun pressure; the temperature gradient in the transition zone is about 5 times the quiet sun value; and the coronal temperature above active regions is slightly increased.     

On the spectrum of granular and intergranular regions

A very high quality wiggly-line spectrogram was analyzed by making high-resolution spectral scans of numerous small solar features. An attempt from the line profiles to detect a magnetic field difference between the granular and intergranular regions, resulted in a field increase of 20 ± 15 G in the darker regions of the granular field. Line width increases apparently due to small-scale turbulent velocities are seen in the darker regions. It is postulated that in general darker regions show increased turbulent velocities. Conspicuous asymmetries in line profiles are seen in dark intergranular regions. It is suggested that these are the result of velocity gradients in the downward flow of material. An ionized Cr line showed a conspicuous increase in equivalent width in the darker regions of the granular field, thus indicating a decrease in electron pressure in these areas.     

银河系旋臂结构和运动学的VLBI高精度探测

直接测量恒星形成区的距离;从而确定银河系的旋臂结构以及银河系运动学的工作正在逐步展开.通过对恒星形成区脉泽的多历元VLBI观测,利用类星体和脉泽相位参考技术,精确地测定脉泽的位置、自行和视差.精确的距离能够确定旋臂的位置,从而建立银河系旋臂结构的新模型;运用绝对自行确定该处天体的三维运动,由此精确测定银河系的旋转曲线,...     

Spectroscopic analysis of the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7130

We discuss here the spectroscopic properties of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7130 (= IC 5135). Emission line regions were isolated and line ratios were measured and fitted with photoionization models; this allowed to discriminate between thermal and non thermal ionization in the circumnuclear regions. Massive star formation is likely to occur at projected distances from the nucleus ≫ 2 kpc: line profiles in these regions suggest the presence of outflows of gas due to stellar winds from hot massive stars.     

On the effect of the mantle elasticity on the earth's rotation

Starting from the Hamiltonian model for a solid Earth with an elastic mantle previously developped by the authors, analytical expressions are derived which give the nutation series corresponding to the plane perpendicular to the angular momentum vector, to the plane perpendicular to the rotational axis and to the equator of figure, as well as the series that give the polar motion. The effects of the different perturbations — solid Earth, centrifugal and tidal potentials — are calculated separately. The corrections due to the elasticity of the mantle, which mostly correspond to the Oppolzer terms, are calculated with an accuracy of 10^–6 arc sec., given that the intrinsic observational accuracy has reached 0.01 mas.     

The fuzzy forecast of the activity of solar active regions

In this paper, the theory and method of fuzzy mathematics are applied to forecast the activity of solar active regions. According to the correlation between flares and several solar activity indices of active regions, the membership functions are constructed to comprehensively evaluate and predict the activity of solar active regions. By means of data reduction and analysis, some comparatively accurate results of prediction have been obtained. The accuracy of predicting the activity grades of active regions is higher than 97%. This implies that the method of fuzzy forecast is a good one for solar activity prediction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the Hill stability in the general problem of three finite bodies

We construct zero-kinetic-energy surfaces and determine the regions where motion is possible. We show that for bodies with finite sizes, there are bounded regions of space within which a three-body system never breaks up. The Hill stability criterion is established.     

On the Relationship between Flux Emergence and CME Initiation

We present in this paper a statistical study aimed at understanding the possible relationship between surface magnetic field variation and CME initiation. The three samples studied comprise 189 CME-source regions, 46 active regions, and 15 newly emerging active regions. Both large-scale and small-scale variations of longitudinal magnetic fields of these regions are studied. To quantitatively study these variations, three physical quantities are calculated: the average total magnetic flux (ATF), the flux variation rate (FVR), and the normalized flux variation rate (NFVR). Our results show that 60% of the CME-source regions are found to have magnetic flux increases during 12 hours before CME eruptions and 40% are found to have magnetic flux decreases. The NFVR of CME-source regions are found to be statistically identical to those of active regions, averaged over 111 hours, and significantly smaller than those of newly emerging active regions. In addition 91% of the CME-source regions are found to have small-scale flux emergence, whereas small-scale flux emergences are also easily identified in active regions during periods with no solar surface activity. Our study suggests that the relationship between flux emergence and CME eruption is complex and the appearance of flux emergence alone is not unique for the initiation of CME eruption.     

The Tilt of the Magnetic Polarity Axis in Active Regions with Different Polarity Separation and Flux

In this paper, 203 bipolar active regions, in which bipolar magnetic fields are dominant, were chosen from the data set of photospheric vector magnetograms observed at Huairou Solar Observing Station in Beijing during 1988–1996. We calculated the tilts of the magnetic polarity axis in these active regions and investigated the dependence of the tilt on physical quantities such as polarity separation, total flux and the relationship between total flux and polarity separation, total area of active regions.The results are as follows:(1) The active regions with large tilt angle have smaller magnetic polarity separations.(2) The active regions with large tilt angle have smaller fluxes.(3) The active regions with large flux have larger polarity separations.(4) The active regions with large area have larger fluxes.These results will possibly provide new information about the nature and dynamic behavior of magnetic flux tubes forming active regions beneath the photosphere.     

A study of solar radio emission in the light of Sengupta's model of coronal active regions

Daily solar radio flux at six different frequencies in dm, cm and mm wavelength regions has been studied for 182 days from December 1, 1970 to May 30, 1971. It is found that the slowly varying component of the centimeter wave emission correlates well with the physical model of the coronal active regions derived by Sengupta (Sengupta, 1971b) from which, as he showed earlier, most of the solar soft X-rays of wavelength less than 20 Å comes. It is also found that the cm wave emission is consistent with the assumption that the emitting regions are optically thin in this wavelength range.Emissions in dm and mm wavelength ranges, however, show poor correlation with the physical model of the soft X-ray emitting regions.It is concluded that the preferred regions of cm wave emission are located in the same region of solar corona from where most of the soft X-rays comes, but are different from the preferred regions of mm and dm emission.     

Three-dimensional regions of stability about the triangular equilibrium points

Within the context of the restricted problem of three bodies, an analytic upper bound on the three-dimensional regions of stability about the triangular equilibrium points is derived for general initial velocity limits and a wide class of bounding regions. This upper bound is illustrated and compared to numerical investigations for two bounding regions using the Earth-Moon mass ratio.