煤和陆源有机质作为生油岩

煤和陆源有机质生油岩是我国第三类主要的生油岩。分析了这一领域的研究现状和进展，并对这类生油组分、生油岩类型和成烃特征、煤成液态烃的初次运移和煤层孔隙特征的关系、有机岩石学评价方法等问题作了讨论并提出一些新的认识。     

合浦盆地生油岩有机地球化学特征

合浦盆地下第三系发育有酒席坑组（Ｅ２ｊ）和上洋组二段（Ｅ１ｓ２）两套生油岩系。Ｅ２ｊ生油岩有朵质丰度高，且大多为ⅡＡ型，以富含Ｃ２８－Ｃ３０４－甲基甾烷为特征．Ｅ１ｓ２有机质丰度较低，以ⅡＢ型为主，缺少４－甲基甾烷，其它类型的生物标志化合物分布的也有较大差异。综合研究表明，Ｅ２ｊ为潮显气候下近海平原沼泽－湖泊相沉积，Ｅ１ｓ２为干旱气候下蒸发直盐盆地沉积，盆地中西常乐两个凹陷既有相似性，又有其各自的     

张强凹陷长北背斜生油岩有机地球化学特征

张强凹陷长北背斜罗系上统有沙海组和九佛堂组两套生油岩系，其有机质丰度属中等，沙海组生油岩多为腐泥腐殖型，地球化学分析表明，沙海组下段的生油岩处于低熟－成熟阶段。该地区各层原油主要来源于侏罗系上统沙海级下段生油岩。     

博乐盆地生油岩评价

博乐盆地及其周边地区存在四套生油层系,为石炭系生油岩、下二叠统生油岩、上二叠统生油岩和下、中侏罗统生油岩。石炭系生油岩在全盆地分布广泛,为基底生油岩,已处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,生油潜力很小,对盆地生油贡献甚微;下二叠统生油岩,处于成熟—高成熟阶段,为现实烃源岩;盆地南缘南山煤矿一带,曾是晚二叠世的凹陷区（其凹陷局限）,上二叠统生油岩已成熟;盆地西北缘的中、下侏罗统生油岩处于未成熟—低成熟阶段,为潜在烃源岩。据钻井、地震资料证实,盆地缺失上二叠统生油岩。只有下二叠统和下、中侏罗统生油岩是能给盆地作贡献的生油岩     

湖相碳酸盐岩生油岩研究进展

综述了湖相碳酸盐岩生油岩研究的新进展，其主要表现在以下几个方面：（１）形成环境；（２）组成特征；（３）有机质含量 ；（４）有机地化特征；（５）热演化特征；（６）二次成烃问题。指出湖相碳酸盐岩生油岩的研究具有重要的理论生实践意义。     

滇黔桂地区海相生油岩有机质类型的恢复

首次将热模拟实验这种新的手段应用于高演化的滇黔桂地区震旦纪-三叠纪海相生油岩的有机质类型的研究.这种方法在高演化的滇黔桂地区震旦纪-三叠纪海相生油岩的有机质类型的研究中获得了极好的效果.     

碳酸盐岩生油岩的有机地球化学、岩石学特征

Features of oil-generating carbonate rocks are studied in terms of petrology and organic geochemistry of fluorescent materials in rocks. It is postulated by the authors that the organic carbon content in oil-generatlng carbonate rocks is necessarily lower than that in shales, and the possible cause of this observation is discussed. The quality of oil-ganerating carbonate rocks may be judged by aromatic structure index,amino acid, pigment index, and DTA data on organic matter. However, the application of presently available organic geochemical criteria to non-oil-generating reservoir rocks may always give misleading results. To circumvent this difficulty, it is necessary first to make distinction between primary and secondary organic matter by cxamining the fluorescent materials under a fluorescence microscope. Measurementof radical content of the organic substances and DTA are useful techniques to determine the degree of maturation. The maturation of organic substances proceeds at a lower rate in carbonate rocks than in shales. It is likely, therefore, that some older carbonate strata can also be promising areas for petroleum exploration. Oil-generating carbonate rocks consist mainly of mierite limestones rich in organic matter and are thought to be formed under low-encrgy environment. Consequently, petrological(especially mierolithofacies) studies are very important in evaluating carbonate source rocks.     

柴达木盆地咸湖相生油岩正构烷烃分布特征及其成因

柴达木盆地西部第三系咸水湖相生油岩样品分析资料表明，不同沉积相带生油岩正构烷烃系列有三种碳数分布模式。深湖相生油岩在C18－C28范围呈明显的偶碳数优势，而＞C28范围无碳数优势；滨浅湖相样品在整个碳数范围内呈奇碳数优势分布；过渡相带地层正构烷烃在中碳数范围呈偶碳数优势分布，而高碳数（＞C23）部分为奇碳数优势分布。经不同沉积相带样品之间的沉积环境地球化学指标和碳酸盐含量比较发现，本区咸湖相生油岩正构烷烃的分布不取决于沉积环境的氧化还原性和岩石的矿物组成，而主要与沉积相带中的有机质生源组成有关。偶碳数优势分布的正构烷烃成因并非如常规观点解释的那样，由正构脂肪酸、醇类的还原作用或经碳酸盐催化发生β断裂而来，而可能来源于咸化湖泊中的某种嗜盐细菌或其他微生物。     

生油岩中孢粉化石色级标准的研究

According to the relations between maturity and oolour change of sporo-pollen fos-sils in souse rocks of the Jizhong (Central Hebei) basin, the colour-change series of sporo-pollen fossils may be divided into 6 grades: light yellow, yellow, brownlsh-yellow,brown, dark brown, and black. Sporo-pollen fossils selected from source rocks of varying degrees of maturation were prepared as colour standards and can be compared with unknown drill core samples. Each sporo-pollen colour standard was measured by specially designed microcolonrimeter and colour indices were numberated and standardized, so as to compare exactlywith other colour indices.     

苏北盆地生油岩中甾、萜的地球化学特征和我国东部低成熟的生油岩与原油

Steranoids and terpanoids in source rocks and crude oils from the Gaoyou depression have been analyzed by GC-MS.The fact that C20 sterane 14 α（H)17α(H)20S/14α（H）17α（H）20（R S）%and C31 hopane 17α（H）21β（H）22S/17α（H）21β（H）22（R S）%in the oils are higher than those in the source rocks,as has been revealed in this study,is eonsidered.to have resulted from,oil migration.By comparing steranes and hopanes in inmature oils from the eastern part of China with those in source rocks,it is suggested that the source rocks with over 10% C20 sterane 14α（H）17α（H），20S/14α（H）17α（H）20（R S）%，over 3% C29 sterane 14β（H）17β（H）20（R S）[14α（H）17α（H）20（R S） 14β（H）17β（H）20（R S）]% and≥50%,C31 hopane 17α（H）21β（H）22S/17α（H）21β（H）22(R S)%in the eastern part of China may produce crude oils of commercial importance.It seems possible to find inmature oils in the sedimentary rocks at burial depths shallower than the oil-generating threshold and mature oils migrated from deep levels in shallow reservoirs.     

中国西北侏罗系烃源岩中生油组分和成烃作用

中国西北侏罗系烃源岩中生油组分和成烃作用王飞宇何萍赵长毅（石油大学，北京１０２２００）（石油勘探开发科学研究院，北京１０００８３）关键词生油组分成烃作用煤和陆源有机质生油岩西北侏罗系烃源岩中国西北侏罗系煤系地层作为油源岩正日益受到重视。在吐鲁番盆地［...     

生油岩矿物低温催化脂肪酸脱羧生烃的活性评价

在地质低温条件下,未熟生油岩矿物催化脂肪酸脱羧生烃反应生成的ＣＯ２含量很低,因此,通过金属镍催化剂将ＣＯ２转化为ＣＨ４后再用氢离子火焰检测器检测其含量,以提高检测的灵敏度。运用该方法评价了我国七个油田未熟生油岩矿物催化脂肪酸脱羧生烃活性实验结果表明,脂肪酸在未熟生油岩矿物低温催估作用下,其脱羧率与未熟生油岩矿物中的碳酸盐及过渡金属Ｆｅ元素的含量有关。