北京西山——一个早中生代拗拉谷的一部分

华北地台北部的燕辽带在晚元古代时为一拗陷带,蓟县地区的整个层系厚度在10,000m以上。中生代时发生强烈的岩浆活动和形变。其构造性质与地台的含义并不相符,前人对该区有沉降带、台褶带等提法。     

Volcanoplutonic association of the early-stage evolution of the Imandra-Varzuga rift zone,Kola Peninsula,Russia: Geological,petrogeochemical, and isotope-geochronological data

The western flank of the Paleoproterozoic Imandra-Varzuga rift zone consists of three volcanogenic-sedimentary series and layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions of different age (2.50–2.45 Ga). The earliest Monchegorsk and Monche Tundra layered massifs were formed about 2.50 Ga during the prerift stage of the evolution of the Imandra-Varzuga zone. The early rift stage (～2.45 Ga) produced layered intrusions of the Imandra complex and volcanic rocks of the Strelna Group, consisting of the Kuksha and Seidorechka formations. In terms of chemical composition, the volcanic rocks of the Seidorechka Formation belong to a single basalt-rhyolite series, mostly of normal alkalinity and both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinity. The rocks of the Imandra Complex are characterized by moderate LREE enrichment, relatively flat HREE patterns, and a positive Eu anomaly. Similar REE distribution patterns were observed in the volcanic rocks of the Seidorechka Formation, which show a gradual increase in REE content with increasing SiO₂. The upper part of the Seidorechka Formation in the southern Khibiny region is composed of metarhyodacites. They terminate the sequence of the Strelna Group and have a U-Pb zircon age of 2448 ± 8 Ma. This age presumably reflects the upper age boundary of the rocks of the Seidorechka Formation and the end of the early stage of the evolution of the Imandra-Varzuga zone. Xenogenic zircon from the same sample yielded a U-Pb zircon age of 2715 ± 42 Ma. A U-Pb age of 2202 ± 17 Ma was obtained for titanite and rutile and interpreted as the metamorphic age of the Seidorechka Formation. The metavolcanic rocks of the Seidorechka Formation have negative ?_Nd (T) varying from ?2.84 to ?2.32, and I_Sr values of 0.7041–0.7038, which are higher than those of the depleted mantle and suggest their derivation from an enriched mantle reservoir (EM1). The spatial association of the volcanic rocks of the Seidorechka Formation and the rocks of the Imandra Complex, similarity in the behavior of most major elements, similar REE distribution patterns, and close formation ages and isotope signatures give grounds to combine them in a single volcanoplutonic association.     

黑龙江西北部小古里河过钾质基性、超基性火山岩的发现

本文报道了黑龙江省五大连池裂谷带北端出露的一套超基性、基性的过钾质火山岩,通过详细的野外调查,确认了火山岩的喷发顺序,肯定了火山岩从基性岩向超基性岩的演变以及它们的K_2O、TiO_2含量不断提高的事实.在此基础上作者对超基性-过钾质岩石的岩浆成因提出了初步认识,认为它们不是岩浆结晶分异作用的产物,而是在裂谷演化构造背景下的一次独立的深源岩浆事件.本文将小古里河的过钾质火山岩和乌干达及意大利等世界上著名的钾质火山岩进行了比较.     

Geochemical characteristics of island-arc volcanic rocks in the Nan-Nam Pat-Phetchabun zone,northern Thailand

Late Permian-Early Triassic (P₂-T₁) volcanic rocks distributed on the eastern side of ocean-ridge and oceanic-island basalts in the Nan-Uttaradit zone were analyzed from aspects of petrographic characteristics, rock assemblage, REE, trace elements, geotectonic setting, etc., indicating that those volcanic rocks possess the characteristic features of island-arc volcanic rocks. The volcanic rock assemblage is basalt-basaltic andesite-andesite. The volcanic rocks are sub-alkaline, dominated by calc-alkaline series, with tholeiite series coming next. The chemical composition of the volcanic rocks is characterized by low TiO₂ and K₂O and high Al₂O₃ and Na₂O. Their REE patterns are of the flat, weak LREE-enrichment right-inclined type. The trace elements are characterized by the enrichment of large cation elements such as K, Rb and Ba, common enrichment of U and Th, and depletion of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. The petrochemical plot falls within the field of volcanic rocks, in consistency with the plot of island-arc volcanic rocks in the Jinsha River zone of China. This island-arc volcanic zone, together with the ocean-ridge/oceanic island type volcanic rocks in the Nan-Uttaradit zone, constitutes the ocean-ridge volcanic rock-island-arc magmatic rock zones which are distributed in pairs, indicating that the oceanic crust of the Nan-Uttaradit zone once was of eastward subduction. This work is of great significance in exploring the evolution of paleo-Tethys in the Nan-Uttaradit zone.     

滇西盈江地区上新世双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

盈江地区上新世火山岩是腾冲火山岩的重要组成部分,但以往研究极少涉及。通过对该火山岩进行岩石地球化学和KAr年代学研究,同时与腾冲火山岩东侧的龙江河谷地区的上新世火山岩对比,认为盈江和腾冲地区上新世火山岩是大陆构造背景下造山带造山后伸展作用下形成的火山岩,具有高Al_2O_3(15.54%~17.44%)、高K_2O(0.94%~3.50%)的岩石化学特点,为高钾钙碱性系列火山岩,形成于拉张环境,为双峰式火山岩(玄武岩DI=33~50,英安岩DI=62~76)。造山带裂谷火山岩常具弧火山岩的岩石化学特点,但其形成于造山带造山后的拉张环境,与板块俯冲作用没有直接关系。造山带裂谷火山岩发育在早期造山带,是造山带发展过程中一定阶段的岩浆作用的产物。     

松辽盆地含CO_2火山岩气藏的形成和分布

松辽盆地特有的深部构造背景和裂谷演化特征,造成盆地内含CO_2火山岩气藏的形成和富集。松辽裂谷盆地中新生代火山岩浆活动发育,总体上具有多期喷发、分布广泛和储集条件良好的特点。火山活动以中心式喷发为主,主要发育中基性-酸性火山岩,发育流纹岩、凝灰岩等多种岩石类型,爆发相和溢流相2种火山岩相。中生代火山岩在盆地内分布广泛,营域组构成深层有利储层,新生代火山岩在盆地外围出露较多,而在盆内出露较少。盆地高含量的二氧化碳为无机幔源成因,由青山口期和新生代幔源岩浆脱气形成。含CO_2火山岩气藏的形成主要受深部构造背景、深大断裂和中新生代火山岩控制。已发现含CO_2火山岩气藏主要分布于古中央隆起带及其两侧断陷的营城组火山岩中,具有点状、带状分布,局部富集的特点。根据主控因素分析,预测了5个CO_2富集区带。     

Geochemistry of the Mian-Lue ophiolites in the Qinling Mountains, central China: Constraints on the evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt and collision of the North and South China Cratons

The Anzishan ophiolite, a typical ophiolitic block of early Carboniferous age in the Mian-Lue suture zone of the Qinling Mountains, central China, consists of amphibolites/metabasalts, gabbros and gabbroic cumulates. All of these rocks, as well as those in the Hunshuiguan-Zhuangke (HZ) block, have compositions similar to normal MORB and back-arc basin basalts (BABB) with high ε_Nd(t) values, indicating that they were derived from a depleted mantle source. The Mian-Lue suture zone also contains blocks of other lithologies, e.g., rift volcanic rocks in the Heigouxia block and arc volcanic rocks in the Sanchazi block. Although they are in fault contact with each other, the presence of these different blocks in the Mian-Lue suture zone may represent a complete Wilson cycle, from initial rifting to open ocean basin to final subduction and continent-continent collision, during the late Paleozoic-early Triassic. In this region, the North and South China Cratons were separated by Paleo-Tethys at least until the early Carboniferous, and final amalgamation of both cratons along the Qinling orogenic belt took place in the Triassic.     

江绍断裂带晚侏罗世S型酸性火山岩特征及其地质意义

岩石化学、地球化学特征研究结果表明,江绍断裂带赣东北段广丰—上饶地区的晚侏罗世酸性火山岩是中地壳变质沉积源岩改造成因的Ｓ型火山岩．通过横向对比发现,该区火山岩与前人已认识的、江绍断裂带西延部分的相山、东乡Ｓ型酸性火山岩盆地构成了一条沿江绍断裂带展布的Ｓ型酸性火山岩带,这一特殊成因的火山岩及其空间分布规律,很可能是晚侏罗世华夏与扬子两板块陆内碰撞俯冲的结果．     

Evolution of the upper mantle beneath the southern Baikal rift zone: an Sr-Nd isotope study of xenoliths from the Bartoy volcanoes

Anhydrous and amphibole-bearing peridotite xenoliths occur in roughly equal quantitites in the Bartoy volcanic field about 100 km south of the southern tip of Lake Baikal in Siberia (Russia). Whole-rock samples and pure mineral separates from nine xenoliths have been analyzed for Sr and Nd isotopes in order to characterize the upper mantle beneath the southern Baikal rift zone. In an Sr-Nd isotope diagram both dry and hydrous xenoliths from Bartoy plot at the junction between the fields of MORB and ocean island basalts. This contrasts with data available on two other localities around Lake Baikal (Tariat and Vitim) where peridotites typically have Sr–Nd isotope compositions indicative of strong long-term depletion in incompatible elements. Our data indicate significant chemical and isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle beneath Bartoy that may be attributed to its position close to an ancient suture zone separating the Siberian Platform from the Mongol-Okhotsk mobile belt and occupied now by the Baikal rift. Two peridotites have clinopyroxenes depleted in light rare earth elements (LREE) with Sr and Nd model ages of about 2 Ga and seem to retain the trace element and isotopic signatures of old depleted lithospheric mantle, while all other xenoliths show different degrees of LREE-enrichment. Amphiboles and clinopyroxenes in the hydrous peridotites are in Sr–Nd isotopic disequilibrium. If this reflects in situ decay of ¹⁴⁷Sm and ⁸⁷Rb rather than heterogeneities produced by recent metasomatic formation of amphiboles then 300–400 Ma have passed since the minerals were last in equilibrium. This age range then indicates an old enrichment episode or repeated events during the Paleozoic in the lithospheric mantle initially depleted maybe 2 Ga ago. The Bartoy hydrous and enriched dry peridotites, therefore, are unlikely to represent fragments of a young asthenospheric bulge which, according to seismic reflection studies, reached the Moho at the axis of the Baikal rift zone a few Ma ago. By contrast, hydrous veins in peridotites may be associated with rift formation processes.     

Chemical composition and crystallization conditions of trachybasalts from the Dzhida field, Southern Baikal volcanic area: Evidence from melt and fluid inclusions

Melt and fluid inclusions have been studied in olivine phenocrysts (Fo 81–79) from trachybasalts of the Southern Baikal volcanic area, Dzhida field. The melt inclusions were homogenized, quenched, and analyzed on an electron and ion microprobe. The study of homogenized glasses of nine inclusions showed that basaltic melts (SiO₂ = 47.1–50.3 wt %, MgO = 5.0–7.7 wt %, CaO = 7.1–11.1 wt %) have high contents of Al₂O₃ (17.1–19.6 wt %), Na₂O (4.1–6.2 wt %), K₂O (2.2–3.3 wt %), and P₂O₅ (0.6–1.1 wt %). The volatile contents are low (in wt %): 0.24–0.31 H₂O, 0.08 F, 0.03 Cl, and 0.02 S. Primary fluid inclusions in olivines from four trachybasalt samples contain high-density CO₂ (0.73–0.87 g/cm³), indicating a CO₂ fluid pressure of 4.3–6.6 kbar at 1200–1300°C and olivine crystallization depths of 16–24 km. Ion microprobe analyses of 20 glasses from melt inclusions for trace elements showed that the magmas of the Baikal rift were enriched in incompatible elements, thus differing from oceanic rift basalts and resembling oceanic island basalts. A comparison of our data on melt and fluid inclusions in olivine from trachybasalts of the Dzhida field with preexisting data on the Eastern Tuva volcanic highland in the Southern Baikal volcanic area showed that they had similar contents of volatiles, major, and trace elements.     

Petrochemistry of Cenozoic basalts and associated rocks in the Baikal rift zone

The main episode of Cenozoic volcanic activity occurred simultaneously with formation of the Sayan—Baikal uplift, before the rift depressions were initiated. Volcanism and rifting in this region have developed as independent processes, connected with each other only by an ultimate primary mantle energy source. The volcanic regions do not coincide with the rift depressions, except in the Tunka graben.Chemical features of the volcanics show that during the entire period of volcanic activity there was a complex alternation of basaltic lavas of alkaline, intermediate and tholeiitic composition. Both alkaline and subalkaline lavas are distributed over the entire volcanic region, excepting the Tunka depression where tholeiitic lavas are predominant. However, there is neither mineralogical nor chemical evidence for the existence of two separate magma types within the Baikal rift zone.Judging by the presence of high-pressure, lherzolitic megacrysts of clinopyroxene, and to a lesser extent titaniferous biotite and amphibole in alkaline basalts, variations of lava chemistry are connected with high-pressure fractionation of initial melts, which was more complete for sources outside the rift zone. The predominance of tholeiitic lavas in the Tunka depression is likely to have been caused by a higher degree of partial melting and quick ascent of magma to the surface, facilitated by a high geothermal gradient under the depression where crustal extension is taking place.     

Genesis of a low-grade apatite-ilmenite-magnetite deposit in the Kauhajärvi gabbro, western Finland

The Paleoproterozoic Kauhajärvi gabbro is one of several Fe-, Ti-, and P-rich mafic intrusions associated with granitoids in the Fennoscandian shield in western Finland. The gabbro is cut by the late-orogenic Lauhanvuori granite (ca.1870?Ma), whereas the surrounding area is composed of synorogenic, collision-related granitoids and calc-alkaline volcanic rocks (ca. 1890?Ma) belonging to the Mid Finland Granitoid Complex. The mafic intrusions were probably emplaced into a Svecofennian rift zone. They are characterized by a high phosphorus content; the common occurrence of ilmenite as separate grains; and the coeval crystallization of apatite, Fe-Ti oxides, and Fe-Mg silicates. The Kauhajärvi gabbro is composed of two geochemically and structurally distinct zones. The basal zone is composed of poorly-layered, fine- to medium-grained gabbro, which represents an early intrusion of tholeiitic magma, and has rather high concentrations of chromium, magnesium and silica. Typically, the concentrations of iron, titanium and phosphorus are low, except for the top that is enriched in apatite and ilmenite. During most of the crystal-liquid fractionation of the basal zone magma, low f _O2 limited the crystallization of Fe-Ti-oxides. Instead, titanium became enriched in the uppermost layer of the basal zone. The main zone represents a later injection of more evolved tholeiitic magma and makes up 80 to 90%of the total intrusion volume. Peridotite is common, along with gabbro and gabbronorite, in the lower and middle parts of the main zone, and anorthosite is common near the top of the main zone. The Mg:Fe ratio in mafic minerals and vanadium concentrations in magnetite decrease upwards. The variation within the main zone can be explained by crystal-liquid fractionation of a single batch of a parental magma under conditions of relatively high f _O2. Titanium is not progressively enriched. The ratio of titanium to iron (TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ = 0.16 to 0.20; Fe total as Fe₂O₃) is constant in the main zone and normal for mafic intrusions. Titanium is sited in separate ilmenite grains and in lamella within ilmenomagnetite (Ti-bearing magnetite). The high phosphorus content in the main zone is interpreted to result in crystallization of ilmenite and ilmenomagnetite instead of Ti-rich magnetite under relatively high f _O2 conditions. High concentrations of titanium, iron and phosphorus in rocks of the main zone can be explained by pre-emplacement crystal-melt fractionation in a deep magma reservoir and/or contamination of mantle-derived mafic magmas by granitic magmas from partial melting of crustal rocks. A low-grade Fe-Ti-P resource at Kauhajärvi consists of layers with as much as 20 wt. % combined ilmenite (usually 8 to 11 wt. %), apatite (1 to 8 wt. %) and magnetite (1 to 9 wt. %). Mineralized layers are of variable thickness (2?m to 30?m) and occur in variable host rocks (peridotite or gabbro). The Fe-Ti oxides are most abundant in peridotite and pyroxene- or olivine-rich gabbronorite within the main zone. The contact between mineralized rocks (4%TiO₂) and non- or slightly-mineralized rocks is gradual. The deposit as a whole consists of three to five mineralized layers with maximum combined thickness of 70?m. Apatite is most abundant in the oxide-rich layers, but is locally also concentrated in anorthosite with low Fe-Ti oxide contents. The weight ratio of ilmenite to magnetite is 3:2. The ratio of total Ti-Fe-oxides to apatite averages 4.0, with the range of 1.5 to >15.     

Iceland and the ocean floor. Comparison of chemical characteristics of the magmatic rocks and some volcanic features

The volcanism in Iceland occurs on both rift zones and non-rifting zones. The rift zone volcanism produces rock suites of the tholeiitic series, ranging from primitive tholeiites (MORB) to highly silicic rocks. The non-rifting volcanic zones produce rock suites of transitional to mildly alkaline or even calc-alkaline composition, the basalts typically being FETI-basalts. Over 50 per cent of the rift zone production in Iceland is of the primitive MORB-type. The relative amount of the evolved rock types, as well as the total volcanic production increases inland along the rift zones. The rock types of the Icelandic rift zones are identical to those of the submerged oceanic rift zones, but the Icelandic production is somewhat offset towards a more voluminous evolved end. The skewness in volume relations of rock types, as compared to the oceanic rifts in general, is mainly caused by the products of the non-rifting volcanic zones of Iceland and only to a small degree by the rift zone products.     

俄罗斯贝加尔裂谷带中呼兰霍博克火山岩岩石学及地球化学研究

位于贝加尔裂谷带通京盆地中的呼兰霍博克火山火山锥由火山弹、火山灰等火山碎屑岩和基性熔岩(橄榄玄武岩)组成.橄榄玄武岩中橄榄石可分为具有较高Mg#值的捕虏晶和Mg#值相对较低的斑晶.部分斜长石斑晶具有核.幔.边结构,且幔部发生减压分解,一些单斜辉石晶体(俘虏晶)边部发生了减压分解.根据岩石的化学成分,该玄武岩属于橄榄粗玄岩系列,轻稀土强烈富集,重稀土相对亏损,轻重稀土之间分异较大,具有与OIB相似的微量元素和同位素地球化学特征.岩石学和元素地球化学研究表明,该橄榄玄武岩的源区和岩浆的形成可能与地幔柱活动有关;岩浆演化经历了压力骤减的过程,在岩浆快速上升过程中,深部形成的矿物(可能是地幔矿物的俘虏晶)减压分解.快速上升的岩浆几乎未受大陆地壳的混染,仅捕获了少量流纹质熔体.     

Petrogenesis and age of the felsic volcanic rocks from the North Baikal volcanoplutonic belt,Siberian craton

Detailed geochemical, isotopic, and geochronological studies were carried out on felsic volcanic rocks from the southern part of the North Baikal volcanoplutonic belt. U-Pb zircon dating showed that the rocks previously ascribed to a single stratigraphic unit (Khibelen Formation of the Akitkan Group or the Khibelen Complex) have significant age differences. The Khibelen Formation was found out to include both the oldest dated rocks (1877.7 ± 3.8 Ma) of the North Baikal belt and the younger volcanic rocks (1849 ± 11 Ma). Two other dated volcanic rocks have intermediate ages (1875 ± 14 and 1870.7 ± 4.2 Ma). It was established that the volcanic rocks from various areas in the southern part of the North Baikal belt not only have different ages but also differ in geochemical and isotopic signatures. In particular, the felsic volcanic rocks from various sites show the following variations in trace-element composition: from 220–280 to 650–717 ppm Zr, from 8–12 to 54–64 ppm Nb, and from 924–986 to 1576–2398 Ba. The ?_Nd obtained for felsic volcanic rocks and comagmatic granitoids from various areas in the southern part of the North Baikal belt vary, respectively, from ?1.7 to ?2.8 and from ?8.0 to ?9.2. Based on geochemical and isotopic signatures, the felsic volcanic rocks in various areas of the southern part of the North Baikal volcanoplutonic belt were formed via the melting of a Mesoarchean crustal source of tonalite composition with contribution of variable amounts of juvenile mantle material at different magma generation conditions. Isotopic data indicate that the contribution of juvenile mantle material to their sources varied from ～33–40 to 77–86%. The maximal calculated temperatures of the parent melts for felsic volcanic rocks were 908–951°C, and the lowest temperatures were 800–833°C. The geochemical signatures of dacites with an age of 1877.7 ± 3.8 Ma such as high Th (46–51 ppm) and La (148–178 ppm) contents indicate that these rocks, along with Mesoarchean granitoid and juvenile mantle material, contain an upper crustal component with high Th and LREE contents. Extremely low Y and Yb contents in these dacites implies their formation at pressures of ～ 12–15 kbar in equilibrium with garnet-bearing residue. These rocks were presumably formed in the collisional-thickened crust at the earliest stages of its collapse, possibly during syncollisional collapse, with additional hear input to the lower crust. Other felsic rocks are geochemical analogues of A-type granites and were formed during the subsequent stages of collapse (post-collisional collapse).     

Deep structure of the baikal and other continental rift zones from seismic data

Abyssal variations beneath the Baikal rift zone are revealed in an irregular seismic stratification of the crust, the presence of an intracrust waveguide and by the vast (> 200,000 km²) underlying area of anomalously low velocity (P_n = 7.6−7.8 km/sec) uppermost mantle. In its abyssal structure the Baikal rift is heterogeneous along the strike, with sharp changes in crustal thickness (35–50 km).Comparison of first-arrival seismic-velocity curves and also the respective velocity columns reveals the essential similarity of upper-mantle seismic cross-sections for all continental rift zones. The anomalous upper layer of the mantle (ca. 7.7 km/sec) is relatively thin (15-13 km) and can be linked with the mantle waveguide only locally.     

Early Cenozoic volcanism of the Kolyuchin-Mechigmen graben, Chukotka Peninsula

The paper reports new isotope-geochemical data on Late Paleocene-Early Eocene basalts from the central part of the Kolyuchin-Mechigmen graben, eastern Chukotka Peninsula. The distribution of the major and trace elements and trace-element ratios indicates that the basalts were formed in a marginal-continental rift setting. The peculiar feature of the basalts is a combination of depleted within-plate and suprasubduction geochemical signatures, which make the volcanic rocks from Mt. Otdel’naya different from rocks of suprasubduction volcanic belts and from tholeiites and alkaline lavas of continental rifts and oceanic islands. Extremely high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in the studied basalts as compared to those of similar volcanic rocks from extension zones are probably related to the involvement of carbonate material in the magma generation zone.     

澜沧江南带三叠纪火山岩岩石学、地球化学特征、Ar-Ar年代学研究及其构造意义

滇西三江地区澜沧江南带广泛发育三叠纪火山岩。在北部云县一带,中晚三叠世火山岩出露齐全,自下而上可划分为中三叠统忙怀组(T₂m),上三叠统小定西组(T₃x)和上三叠统芒汇河组(T₃mh)。忙怀组以酸性火山岩为主,为一套流纹岩夹火山碎屑岩组合;小定西组发育为中基性火山熔岩夹火山碎屑岩;芒汇河组具有流纹质火山碎屑岩与玄武岩共存的"双峰式"火山岩特征。地球化学特征表明,南澜沧江带三叠纪火山岩具有弧火山岩与大陆板内火山岩的双重属性,推测其形成环境为过渡型的大陆边缘造山带环境。对南澜沧江带南部景洪附近采集到的石英安山岩样品进行Ar-Ar年龄测试,得到的坪年龄为236.7±2.2Ma,为中三叠世。结合火山岩年代学结果,推测澜沧江洋主碰撞期为早三叠世,中三叠世与晚三叠世早期分别为碰撞后的应力松弛阶段与洋盆继续俯冲期,到晚三叠世末期,俯冲作用结束,澜沧江洋关闭。     

内蒙古贺根山缝合带后造山作用——满克头鄂博组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学制约

以出露于贺根山缝合带梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩中的白音瑞满克头鄂博组火山岩为研究对象,通过野外地质调查、岩石学、地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,探讨火山岩成因、构造环境与贺根山缝合带后造山作用。岩石地球化学研究表明,白音瑞地区满克头鄂博组火山岩主要为流纹岩,岩石具有较高SiO_2、K_2O和Na_2O+K_2O含量,以及较高Ga/Al值,相对贫CaO、MgO、Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P的特征。稀土元素含量较低,配分曲线为微弱右倾的海鸥式分布。岩石学和地球化学特征表明,该区满克头鄂博组流纹岩为A型流纹岩,形成于后造山伸展构造环境,为后造山A型花岗岩浆作用的产物。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,该流纹岩的形成年龄为158.0±0.7Ma,表明满克头鄂博组流纹岩喷发于晚侏罗世,反映了贺根山缝合带晚侏罗世后造山A型花岗岩浆作用事件。结合二连-贺根山缝合带石炭纪蛇绿岩、石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧岩浆岩和中三叠世—早白垩世后造山A型岩浆岩的时空分布与演化关系,认为二连-贺根山缝合带在中三叠世—早白垩世经历了后造山伸展作用演化过程。     

华南埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组物源风化对全球性成磷事件的启示

华南埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组沉积于原始地球-生命系统向现代地球-生命系统过渡的关键时期,该套地层记录了地质历史时期一次大规模成磷事件,但关于该次成磷事件中磷元素的来源仍存在诸多争议。浅海区磷元素主要来源于由河流搬运的陆表含磷矿物风化产物及上升流作用所带来的其他海域含磷水体,这两种来源可以通过全岩碎屑元素(Al、Fe、Th等)和稀土元素的含量及其分布特征进行区分。本文通过对上扬子地区乡党坪剖面和四斗坪剖面的陡山沱组主、微量元素特征的综合分析,恢复了该地区的物源体系及其风化作用过程。较高的P₂O₅-Al₂O₃、P₂O₅-Fe₂O₃相关性,表明该时期磷来源于陆地风化而非上升流;较低的Th/Co、La/Sc、Th/Cr等比值,TiO₂-Zr相关性以及Th-Hf-Co、La-Th-Sc三角图分布关系,表明研究区内陡山沱组的物源体系主要为玄武岩;较高的化学蚀变指数(CIA)和较低的Sr/Cu值,表明物源区当时...