三维地理信息系统及其在地质灾害研究中的应用前景

绝大多数地质灾害发生于具有三维空间特征的地质环境中,地质灾害勘查与监测数据需要进行三维分析处理.本文在讨论分析三维地理信息系统数据生成、空间分析等功能的基础上,以滑坡体为研究对象实现了三维地理信息系统的可视化和地质制图功能,最后指出了三维GIS在地质灾害研究中的应用前景和有待进一步努力的方向.     

开发MapObjects为城市绿地管理服务

从控件技术出发，介绍了对象链接与嵌入技术—Activex控件技术，并将GIS控件MapObjects应用到长春市城市绿地管理领域中。开发出的长春市城区绿地地理信息系统具有地图管理和信息查询及修改功能，实现了地图的放大、缩小、平移以及由空间查属性和由属性查空间的双向查询功能，并以多媒体形式展示长春市绿化情况，为长春市实现科学管理绿地提供了技术支撑工具。     

GIS技术在生态环境地质评价中的应用研究

GIS(Geographic Information System)即地理信息系统,它作为一种特殊的空间信息系统可有效应用于对地球表层空间的相关数据技术分析进程中,对数据进行采集、存储、管理、运算、分析、显示和描述。本文结合GIS技术研究了它在生态环境地质评价中的具体应用,从它的评价思路、技术路线、评价方法以及综合评价预测等多方面展开分析,证明GIS技术在该领域中的应用技术优越性。     

基于出版地图的数据转换技术

计算机技术的飞速发展,促进了桌面出版技术革新,地图出版技术也得到了长足的发展。对于合理使用地图出版的各种制图软件,本文进行了分析,并对Corel DRAW、方正智绘、Map GIS、Auto CAD、Map INFO、Arc/INFO、Photoshop等软件在地图制作及出版过程中数据转换技术进行了讨论。     

面向对象的GIS水文水资源数据模型设计与实现

分析和总结了地理信息系统(GIS)在水文水资源应用中存在的问题与挑战。在ArcHydro数据模型框架的基础上,对面向对象的GIS水文水资源数据模型的结构与实现进行了深入研究与探讨。面向对象的GIS水文水资源数据模型能够很好地表达水文对象的空间位置、特征属性、时间属性以及对象间的拓扑关系,能完整地描述水文现象在地理空间的运动过程,并在江西省中部清丰山流域地理信息系统建设中应用。应用结果表明,面向对象的GIS水文水资源数据模型为设计水文空间数据库提供了一个通用的结构框架,有助于推动GIS在水文学研究与水资源管理的深入应用。     

基于GIS的地质异常空间结构分析方法

地理信息系统(GIS)在地学中的优势主要体现在4个方面：数据获取、数据管理、空间分析和输出功能。本文利用GIS对地质异常分析的敏感性和有效性，把GIS技术与地质异常理论相结合，一方面对地质异常理论的概念、研究方法进行了阐述，另一方面以胶东矿集区为例，对基于GIS的地质异常的空间结构分析的方法进行了探讨。研究表明，基于GIS的地质异常空间结构分析方法是研究地质异常的科学、有效的方法，是利用GIS进行找矿预测的关键。     

组件软件技术在地下水资源管理系统中的应用

组件式地理信息系统（ComGIS)是当前新一代地理信息系统发展方向之一，本文阐述了组件式GIS基本概念，并根据“长江三角洲（南部）地区地下水资源管理系统”的开发，在分析本管理系统需求的基础上，从数据管理，模型建立，专题制图，三维可视化等多方面探讨了组件式软件技术在GIS二次开发中的应用。     

基于GIS的上海市河道变化监测信息系统设计研究

为了对水资源进行有效管理,以现有上海市的河道数据为依据,运用组件技术创建了基于地理信息系统(GIS)的上海市河道变化信息系统的设计及各个功能模块的实现方法,在此基础上,进行了GIS系统集成技术在水资源管理领域的应用研究,这对于合理利用水资源、提高水资源的管理效率具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。     

基于组件体系结构的地质GIS应用系统开发研究

组件技术和面向对象技术是现代GIS软件的发展趋势之一。提出应用基于COM的组件技术开发地质领域GIS应用系统。该系统建立在组件式GIS通用平台上，用构造COM对象的方法建立扩展的地质空间数据模型，各种处理、分析和解释的地质研究模型和可视化系统均以组件形式集成到系统中，并直接处理各种地质对象，以突破传统的以地图为处理基础的空间处理方式，提高地质空间分析和处理能力。     

基于GIS技术的区域地质灾害信息分析系统研究

作为GIS技术应用的一个方向,作者经过多年的研究,利用GIS强大的空间分析功能和空间数据库管理能力,基于MAPGIS地理信息系统软件及其提供的二次开发函数,通过信息量模型与GIS技术的有机结合,实现了区域地质灾害空间预测制图与分析的自动化系统,即地质灾害信息分析系统.该系统具有进行任意图形边界的多图层矢量数据叠加功能,克服了地质灾害空间预测中因栅格数据叠加而产生的误差,使预测过程和预测结果更符合地质灾害发生的地质背景.文章以我国地质灾害高发区的陕西省旬阳地区为例,对地质灾害信息分析系统进行了应用研究.     

区域地球化学数据管理信息系统的实现技术

通过分析区域地球化学数据特征,以GIS技术为基础,结合面向对象的数据库开发技术,阐述区域地球化学数据管理模式、可视化数据检索技术、图示方法技术、应用技术及系统的开发与实现。     

Accounting for spatial patterns of multiple geological data sets in geological thematic mapping using GIS-based spatial analysis

This paper presents a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis scheme to account for spatial patterns and association in geological thematic mapping with multiple geological data sets. The multi-buffer zone analysis, the main part of the present study, was addressed to reveal the spatial pattern around geological source primitives and statistical analysis based on a contingency table was performed to extract information for the assessment of an integrated layer. Mineral potential mapping using multiple geological data sets from Ogdong in Korea was carried out to illustrate application of this methodology. The results obtained from the case study indicated that some geochemical elements and residual magnetic anomaly dominantly affected spatial patterns of the mineral potential map in the study area and the dominant classes of input data layers were also extracted. This information on spatial patterns of multiple geological data sets around mines could be used as effective evidences for the interpretation of the integrated layer within GIS.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Assessment of soil erosion using RUSLE and GIS: a case study of the Maotiao River watershed,Guizhou Province,China

Due to the existence of fragile karst geo-ecological environments, such as environments with extremely poor soil cover, low soil-forming velocity, and fragmentized terrain and physiognomy, as well as inappropriate and intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of southwestern China; evaluation of soil loss and spatial distribution for conservation planning is urgently needed. This study integrated the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) with a GIS to assess soil loss and identify risk erosion areas in the Maotiao River watershed of Guizhou. Current land use/cover and management practices were evaluated to determine their effects on average annual soil loss and future soil conservation practices were discussed. Data used to generate the RUSLE factors included a Landsat Thematic Mapper image (land cover), digitized topographic and soil maps, and precipitation data. The results of the study compare well with the other studies and local data, and provide useful information for decision makers and planners to take appropriate land management measures in the area. It thus indicates the RUSLE–GIS model is a useful tool for evaluating and mapping soil erosion quantitatively and spatially at a larger watershed scale in Guizhou.     

Mapping groundwater contamination risk using GIS and groundwater modelling. A case study from the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Increasing pressure on water resources worldwide has resulted in groundwater contamination, and thus the deterioration of the groundwater resources and a threat to the public health. Risk mapping of groundwater contamination is an important tool for groundwater protection, land use management, and public health. This study presents a new approach for groundwater contamination risk mapping, based on hydrogeological setting, land use, contamination load, and groundwater modelling. The risk map is a product of probability of contamination and impact. This approach was applied on the Gaza Strip area in Palestine as a case study. A spatial analyst tool within Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to interpolate and manipulate data to develop GIS maps of vulnerability, land use, and contamination impact. A groundwater flow model for the area of study was also used to track the flow and to delineate the capture zones of public wells. The results show that areas of highest contamination risk occur in the southern cities of Khan Yunis and Rafah. The majority of public wells are located in an intermediate risk zone and four wells are in a high risk zone.     

矿产资源评价系统的物化探数据模型

为应用GIS技术建立成矿区带矿产资源评价的多源地学信息系统 ,本文对物化探信息按GIS技术上的要求 ,建立了科学、规范、实用的数据分层标准及数据记录格式。将物化探信息分成重力、航磁、化探、物探异常、化探异常等 5个大类 ,及 11个主题图层。制定了分层和命名规则。在此基础上系统地编制了数据纪录格式     

基于ArcSDE的第二松花江地理信息系统测绘数据管理

依据第二松花江地理信息系统测绘数据特点,采用ArcSDE技术对其进行管理较传统管理方式具明显优点.通过ArcSDE,对完全CAD要素格式和GIS要素格式测绘数据进行入库,并对其进行安全维护、库管理、数据备份与恢复.该技术的应用,将实现空间数据的集成管理和高效率的信息查询.     

Geographic Information System and groundwater quality mapping in Panvel Basin,Maharashtra, India

Panvel Basin of Raigarh district, Maharashtra, India is the study area for groundwater quality mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area is typically covered by Deccan basaltic rock types of Cretaceous to Eocene age. Though the basin receives heavy rainfall, it frequently faces water scarcity problems as well as water quality problems in some specific areas. Hence, a GIS based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out in the region with the help of data generated from chemical analysis of water samples collected from the basin. Groundwater samples show quality exceedence in terms of chloride, hardness, TDS and salinity. These parameters indicate the level of quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Idrisi 32 GIS software was used for generation of various thematic maps and for spatial analysis and integration to produce the final groundwater quality map. The groundwater quality map shows fragments pictorially representing groundwater zones that are desirable and undesirable for drinking and irrigation purposes.     

Landslide hazard mapping using logistic regression model in Mackenzie Valley,Canada

A logistic regression model is developed within the framework of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to map landslide hazards in a mountainous environment. A case study is conducted in the mountainous southern Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada. To determine the factors influencing landslides, data layers of geology, surface materials, land cover, and topography were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the results are used for landslide hazard mapping. In this study, bedrock, surface materials, slope, and difference between surface aspect and dip direction of the sedimentary rock were found to be the most important factors affecting landslide occurrence. The influence on landslides by interactions among geologic and geomorphic conditions is also analyzed, and used to develop a logistic regression model for landslide hazard mapping. The comparison of the results from the model including the interaction terms and the model not including the interaction terms indicate that interactions among the variables were found to be significant for predicting future landslide probability and locating high hazard areas. The results from this study demonstrate that the use of a logistic regression model within a GIS framework is useful and suitable for landslide hazard mapping in large mountainous geographic areas such as the southern Mackenzie Valley.     

Flood monitoring, mapping and assessing capabilities using RADARSAT remote sensing, GIS and ground data for Bangladesh

Remote sensing is the most practical method available to managers of flood-prone areas for quantifying and mapping flood impacts. This study explored large inundation areas in the Maghna River Basin, around the northeastern Bangladesh, as determined from passive sensor LANDSAT data and the cloud-penetrating capabilities of the active sensors of the remote imaging microwave RADARSAT. This study also used passive sensor LANDSAT wet and dry images for the year 2000. Spatial resolution was 30 m by 30 m for comparisons of the inundation area with RADARSAT images. RADARSAT images with spatial resolution of 50 m by 50 m were used for frequency analysis of floods from 2000 to 2004. Time series images for 2004 were also used. RADARSAT remote sensing data, GIS data, and ground data were used for the purpose of flood monitoring, mapping and assessing. A supervised classification technique was used for this processing. They were processed for creating a maximum water extent map and for estimating inundation areas. The results of this study indicated that the maximum extent of the inundation area as estimated using RADARSAT satellite imaging was about 29, 900.72 km² in 2004, which corresponded well with the heavy rainfall around northeast region, as seen at the Bhairab Bazar station and with the highest water level of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) Rivers. A composite of 5 years of RADARSAT inundation maps from 2000 to 2004, GIS data, and damage data, was used to create unique flood hazard maps. Using the damage data for 2004 and the GIS data, a set of damage maps was also created. These maps are expected to be useful for future planning and flood disaster management. Thus, it has been demonstrated that RADARSAT imaging data acquired over the Bangladesh have the ability to precisely assess and clarify inundation areas allowing for successful flood monitoring, mapping and disaster management.     

IDL在青藏铁路地理信息系统中的应用研究

GIS二次开发中通常使用的GIS组件方法,大多受到开发商限制或组件提供的扩展接口不能满足系统功能需求的限制.在青藏铁路地理信息系统中为满足应用需求,采用了"IDL+C#+ArcS-DE"的开发模式,将IDL集成到青藏铁路地理信息系统的体系结构中,并利用IDL实现了GIS的功能.最后阐述了利用IDL进行时态钻孔数据分析、处理及可视化过程和冻土模型输出结果的可视化过程.