九龙江口红树林上附着动物的生态

福建九龙江口红树林附着动物７种，白脊藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓ ａｌｂｉｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ和白条地藤壶Ｅｕｒａｐｈｉａ ｗｉｔｈｅｒｓｉ在数量上占绝对优势，是危害红树的主要附着动物。附着动物在河口红树林区的数量分布随着盐度的降低而减少，其栖息密度和生物量的高峰期在夏，秋两季。生长茂密的红树林（郁蔽度大于０．５），附着动物主要分布于水流畅通的向海边缘和潮沟边缘的红树上。水流畅通程度是影响附着动物在红树林区向纵     

西门岛红树林区大型底栖动物的群落结构

浙南乐清湾西门岛红树林区是中国红树林的最北分布地,为研究该区红树林与底栖动物的生态关系,于2004年5月和8月对红树林区大型底栖动物进行现场采样,共发现大型底栖动物42种,其中软体动物20种、甲壳类11种、多毛类5种、其它类6种。平均生物量和平均栖息密度分别为74.26g/m2和340个/m2,软体动物和其它类动物分别占总生物量的43%和39%,它们的栖息密度分别占动物总栖息密度的66%和30%。红树林区底栖动物的特征种为可口革囊星虫Phascolosomaesculenta,在中潮区其生物量和栖息密度分别高达84.33g/m2和304个/m2。该红树林区底栖动物群落结构的分析结果表明:底栖动物种类与红树林发育状况呈负相关、底栖动物生物量与红树林发育状况呈正相关,红树林主分布区(中潮区)底内群落结构较低潮区简单、生物量高、物种多样性低,而无红树林的低潮区则与之相反,生物量低、种间分布均匀、多样性高。多样性指数低潮区(2.44)>中潮区(1.21)>高潮区(1.0);均匀度指数为0.30～0.73,中潮区为最低。     

红树林区底栖动物污染生态学研究进展

综述了底栖动物污染生态学研究的现状。目前有关底栖动物的污染生态学研究主要有以下几个方面：（1）污染物在底栖动物体中含量测定及一些污染物在底栖动物中累积分布的研究。（2）污染物对底栖动物生理特性影响的研究。（3）污染物如城市污水对底栖动物群落的影响研究。（4）底栖动物在水质和底质污染中的监测应用。分别综合和评述了红树林底栖动物污染生态学在重金属、城市污水和有机物污染对红树林区底栖动物的生态效应等方面的研究现状。提出今后红树林区底栖动物污染生态学的研究，应着重生态毒理学和实验生态学的研究。     

东寨港红树林区大型底栖动物生态与滩涂养殖容量的研究 I.潮间带表层底栖动物数量的初步研究

于2000年1-3月，对东寨港红树林区潮间带表层大型底栖动物进行调查，初步分析了东寨港红树林区潮间带表层大型底栖动物的生物量，密度等生态特点，研究结果表明，东寨港红树林区潮间带表层大型底栖动物平均生物量为120.38g/m^2，栖息密度为80.53个/m^2，以期为合理开发与保护东寨港红树林区底栖生物资源提供科学依据。     

中英红树林生态系合作研究在厦门进行

最近,英国约克大学热带海洋研究所Price博士和Hogarth博士在厦门与国家海洋局第三海洋研究所的海洋学家一起,对厦门地区红树林生态系进行了为期三周的调查研究,这是中英红树林生态系合作研究计划第一阶段的工作。合作调查研究期间,中英双方科学家对红树林生态系研究工作进行了充分的交流与讨论。通过合作研究,国家海洋局第三海洋研究所的有关科技人员学习并掌握了“红树林生态系快速调查方法”、“红树林产量与生产力估算方法”和“蟹类胃含物分析方法”等,在国内首次开展了“红树林生态系能量转换过程”研究。为期三周的第一阶段调查研究工作,完成了(1)厦门九龙江口北岸红树林分布现状;(2)局部红树林产量和生产力估算;(3)红树林区底栖动物种类组成、数量分布     

大亚湾潮间带底栖生物种类组成与分布

于１９８８年９月－１９８９年１月在大亚湾潮间带采集底栖动物标本，经分类研究发现，共有５４７种，其中藻类９１种，多毛类１２０种，软体动物２０９种，甲壳动物８３种，棘皮动物１９种，其他动物２５种。研究表明，其区系性质以热带亚热带暖水种占多数，有许多热带种发展成优势种。在水平分布上，岩石相种类（３１６）＞沙滩种数（２２２）＞红树林泥滩（５１）；在垂直分布上，中潮区种数（３９８）＞低潮区（２２１）＞红树林     

我国红树林资源人为破坏及保护对策

一、红树林资源现状 红树林是分布于热带海岸潮涧带的木本植物群落,具有防浪护岸、促淤造陆、净化环境、为海洋动物提供栖息环境和饵料等多方面的作用。 我国现有红树林面积14000公顷,红树植物种类37种,其中真红树26种,半红树11种,     

福建九龙江口红树林上大型底栖动物的群落生态

热带和亚热带海湾、河(?)的红树林海岸是个特殊的生态环境。近几年来,红树林生态系的研究日益受到人们的重视。目前,对红树植物方面的研究较多,而红树区动物方面的报道很少。Macnae,W.(1968)定性地综合报道过印度-西太平洋红树区动物的种类、分布和某些底相动物的个体生态。红树上底栖动物群落生态的研究至今未见专题报道。     

名词解释

海洋钻孔生物(Marine boring organism)在海洋中穿凿岩石、珊瑚礁、贝壳、红树、木船和木质建筑等物体的生物统称海洋钻孔生物。该类生物主要有:海绵动物的穿孔海绵;环节动物多毛纲的凿贝才女虫;软体动物的住石蛤、钻岩蛤、石蛏、开腹蛤、海笋和船蛆;节足动物甲壳纲的柱木水虱、团水虱和跳水虱等等。     

我国的红树林保护区

红树林资源是一种特殊的森林资源,它包括红树林生态系及相关的土壤、海水、底栖动物、鸟类和红树植物。我国现有红树植物37种,自然分布于福建、广东、广西和海南等省区,面积14 000公顷。沿海地区经济的快速发展而导致的不合理开发对红树林资源产生了极大的冲击,造成面积锐减,资源濒危,为此我国各级政府先后建立了12个自然保护区,保护了约50％的红树林面积。     

中国西南广西英罗湾红树林近130年来演化指标——沉积物中的红树叶片亚化石

Located in the intertidal zone of the tropical and subtropical coasts, mangrove forests are an important ecosystem in the global carbon cycle and serve as a protector of local seashores. Under the double impacts of climate change,especially sea-level rise, and human activity, mangrove forests around the world have faced degradation, against which the reconstruction of the historical development of mangrove forests using an effective indicator has been regarded as a necessary strategy for designing a predictable model. As the primary product of mangrove forest, it is reasonable that the content of leaf fragments of mangrove(CLFM) buried in sediments in the form of sub-fossils potentially has the same indicative function for the development of mangrove forests as that of widely-used mangrove pollen. In this study, the leaf fragments of mangrove in two sediment cores(YLW02 and YLW03) drilled in the Yingluo Bay in Guangxi, Southwest China were picked out and weighted for calculation of CLFM, which was used as an indicator of mangrove development after examination of parallelism and a statistical correlation of the CLFM with the concentration of mangrove pollen. The results clearly show that the vertical distribution of the CLFM for the core taken from the landward margin of mangrove forests(YLW03) only parallels that of the local mangrove species(Rhizophora. stylosa) with a significantly positive correlation(R=0.56, P=0.05), while the vertical distribution of the CLFM for the core taken from the interface between seaward margin of mangrove forest and the trunk of tidal creeks of the bay(YLW02) parallels the summed concentration of mangrove pollen(SCMP) with a more positive correlation than that of YLW03(R=0.85, P=0.01), indicating that the trunk outlet of tidal creeks must have been the site where mangrove production gathered from the overall forest rather than from local production. The variations in the CLFM of both cores indicate that overall the mangrove forests in the Yingluo Bay have increasingly flourished over the last 130 years except for the interval of 1940–1950 AD in response to an increase in air temperature and decrease in rainfall, which would have resulted in an increase in seawater salinity;while the coupled extreme increases in air temperature and in rainfall in summer, which would have resulted in extreme decreases in seawater salinity, would be responsible for the relative degradation of mangrove forests in the interval of 1940–1950 AD.     

Patterns of tidal flooding within a mangrove forest: Coombabah Lake,Southeast Queensland,Australia

Tidal flooding and surface drainage patterns have often been used to describe mangrove species zonation. However, in mangrove forests exhibiting little topography, ambiguous species distributions and/or few species, such approaches are ineffective. We identified four physiognomic mangrove forest types (Riverine, Fringing, Overwash and Basin) at Coombabah Lake, a tidal lake in southeast Queensland, Australia and investigated tidal flooding patterns using synoptic surveys of tidal observations at the local Standard Port combined with local water depth observation. Subsequently three sub-types of the basin forest type were identified: (1) Deep Basin Forest with mature trees, ∼50 cm standing water and ∼3 tides per year; (2) Medium Depth Basin Forest with intermediate tree development, ∼15–30 cm standing water and 20–40 tides per year; and (3) Shallow Basin Forest with relatively recent mangrove establishment, 5–15 cm standing water and ∼80 tides per year. These three basin sub-types were found to flood at different tide heights with the Shallow Basin flooding for tides above mean high water springs and the Deep Basin flooding only for tide heights approaching the highest astronomical tide. We propose that these basin types represent a succession in mangrove forest development that corresponds with increasing water depth and tree maturation over time. The succession not only represents increasing age but also change in basin substrate composition. This is manifest as increasing pneumatophore density and an increasing area of basin surface occupied by contiguous pneumatophore cover. As a result, it seems that mangrove development is able to modify tidal flooding into the basin by increasingly impeding water movement.     

A cross-system analysis of sedimentary organic carbon in the mangrove ecosystems of Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam

A cross-system analysis of bulk sediment composition, total organic carbon (TOC), atomic C/N ratio, and carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) in 82 surface sediment samples from natural and planted mangrove forests, bank and bottom of tidal creeks, tidal flat, and the subtidal habitat was conducted to examine the roles of mangroves in sedimentation and organic carbon (OC) accumulation processes, and to characterize sources of sedimentary OC of the mangrove ecosystem of Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam. Sediment grain sizes varied widely from 5.4 to 170.2 μm (mean 71.5 μm), with the fine sediment grain size fraction (< 63 μm) ranging from 11 to 99.3% (mean 72.5%). Bulk sediment composition suggested that mangroves play an important role in trapping fine sediments from river outflows and tidal water by the mechanisms of tidal current attenuation by vegetation and the ability of fine roots to bind sediments. The TOC content ranged from 0.08 to 2.18% (mean 0.78%), and was higher within mangrove forests compared to those of banks and bottoms of tidal creeks, tidal flat, and subtidal sediments. The sedimentary δ¹³C ranged from − 27.7 to − 20.4‰ (mean − 24.1‰), and mirrored the trend observed in TOC variation. The TOC and δ¹³C relationship showed that the factors of microbial remineralization and OC sources controlled the TOC pool of mangrove sediments. The comparison of δ¹³C and C/N ratio of sedimentary OC with those of mangrove and marine phytoplankton sources indicated that the sedimentary OC within mangrove forests and the subtidal habitat was mainly composed of mangrove and marine phytoplankton sources, respectively. The application of a simple mixing model showed that the mangrove contribution to sedimentary OC decreased as follows: natural mangrove forest > planted mangrove forest > tidal flat > creek bank > creek bottom > subtidal habitat.     

浙江省红树林分布和造林成效分析

基于不同时期浙江省红树林造林数据及林分生长监测,分析浙江省红树林时空变化和区域造林生长差异。结果表明:(1)截止到2020年浙江省红树林面积总计386.77hm²,其中温州市257.01hm²,台州市129.76hm²,主要造林树种为秋茄(Kandelia obovata)(368.48hm²)和苦槛蓝(Myoporum bontioides)(18.29hm²);(2)不同时期红树林面积占现有总面积的比例分别为0.11%(2000年前)、3.72%(2000—2010年)、36.17%(2011—2015年)和59.99%(2016—2020年);(3)2000年以前和2000—2010年的秋茄平均株高分别为205.5cm和246.13cm,林分盖度分别高达67.69%和77.90%;2011—2015年和2016—2020年秋茄株高分别为106.63cm和50.17cm;盖度分别为68.66%和24.56%;(4)不同区域红树林种植区滩涂沉积物中碱解氮、速效钾、有机质和含盐...     

The exchange of organic carbon in basin mangrove forests in a southwest Florida estuary

The magnitude and seasonality of organic carbon exchange was estimated for two basin mangrove forests in Rookery Bay, Florida. Runoff and tidal inundation in the forests were seasonal with half the annual total of each occurring from August to October. In each forest there were 152 tides yr^?1 with a cumulative depth of about 12 m. Total organic carbon increased in bay waters exporting from the mangroves following a flood tide and peak concentrations were associated with export due to rainfall. The amount of net export from each basin forest was similar, although the concentration of organic carbon in each were different. Monthly net organic carbon export was proportional to the cumulative tidal amplitude within the forest. Total organic carbon export was 64 gC m^?2 yr^?1 and DOC was 75% of the total. A comparison of organic carbon export among riverine, fringe and basin mangroves suggests that tidal hydrology influences the proportion of litter fall that is exported from mangroves; and the magnitude of this organic carbon export from mangroves is related to the cumulative tidal amplitude within the forests.     

Mangrove forests: Resilience,protection from tsunamis,and responses to global climate change

This review assesses the degree of resilience of mangrove forests to large, infrequent disturbance (tsunamis) and their role in coastal protection, and to chronic disturbance events (climate change) and the future of mangroves in the face of global change. From a geological perspective, mangroves come and go at considerable speed with the current distribution of forests a legacy of the Holocene, having undergone almost chronic disturbance as a result of fluctuations in sea-level. Mangroves have demonstrated considerable resilience over timescales commensurate with shoreline evolution. This notion is supported by evidence that soil accretion rates in mangrove forests are currently keeping pace with mean sea-level rise. Further support for their resilience comes from patterns of recovery from natural disturbances (storms, hurricanes) which coupled with key life history traits, suggest pioneer-phase characteristics. Stand composition and forest structure are the result of a complex interplay of physiological tolerances and competitive interactions leading to a mosaic of interrupted or arrested succession sequences, in response to physical/chemical gradients and landform changes. The extent to which some or all of these factors come into play depends on the frequency, intensity, size, and duration of the disturbance. Mangroves may in certain circumstances offer limited protection from tsunamis; some models using realistic forest variables suggest significant reduction in tsunami wave flow pressure for forests at least 100 m in width. The magnitude of energy absorption strongly depends on tree density, stem and root diameter, shore slope, bathymetry, spectral characteristics of incident waves, and tidal stage upon entering the forest. The ultimate disturbance, climate change, may lead to a maximum global loss of 10–15% of mangrove forest, but must be considered of secondary importance compared with current average annual rates of 1–2% deforestation. A large reservoir of below-ground nutrients, rapid rates of nutrient flux and microbial decomposition, complex and highly efficient biotic controls, self-design and redundancy of keystone species, and numerous feedbacks, all contribute to mangrove resilience to various types of disturbance.     

红树林生态修复固碳效果的主要影响因素分析

红树林是具有重要碳汇功能的生态系统,其保护和修复成为海洋领域应对气候变化的重要手段.适宜的生境条件是红树林生态修复成功与否的关键因素,而红树植物物种和种植措施等也决定了修复后生态系统结构和功能的发展.本研究综述了红树林生态修复固碳功能的特点,分析了生境条件、物种和种植措施等因素对红树林生态系统固碳效果的影响,以期为红树...     

潮滩冲淤扰动下外来与乡土红树植物幼苗稳定性差异

引种外来树种是我国各地在红树林修复实践中常用的措施。由于更容易在困难立林地存活, 外来树种被认为更具竞争优势。为弄清外来与乡土红树植物物种在困难立林地存活能力的差异及其原因, 本研究选取典型外来引种先锋树种拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa)与乡土先锋植物白骨壤(Avicennia marina)为研究对象, 通过控制实验探究潮滩冲淤扰动条件下幼苗稳定性差异及其形成机制。结果表明, 幼苗抗侵蚀能力与幼苗根冠比显著正相关, 泥沙淤积抑制幼苗根系生长, 而底床侵蚀则促进根系伸长。与白骨壤相比, 拉关木幼苗的主根更长, 根冠长度比更大, 更能抵抗底泥的侵蚀扰动, 且通过根系伸长以增强幼苗稳定性的能力也更强。拉关木幼苗比白骨壤更能适应潮滩冲淤扰动, 其竞争优势从幼苗阶段就已经建立。本研究结果可为红树林修复实践中树种和宜林地的选择提供参考, 亦可为评估外来红树物种入侵风险评价提供依据。     

Chenier research on the Australian coast

Cheniers occur in numerous locations across northern Australia, principally in association with river mouths and adjacent riverine and tidal mudflats. This region is characterised by hot wet summers, warm dry winters, meso-macro tidal ranges, low waves, tropical cyclones (hurricanes) and mangrove forests, all of which play a role in chenier evolution. A few chenier sites exist in arid regions of southern Australia where all sediments are of in-situ biogenic and marine origin. Studies of Australian cheniers commenced in the 1970's and now encompass all regions, although many specific sites remain uninvestigated.     

泉州湾洛阳江红树林自然保护区潮间带软体动物多样性及分布

为了解洛阳江红树林自然保护区不同生境的潮间带软体动物物种多样性、数量时空分布及群落结构现状,国家海洋局第三海洋研究所于2009年4月和11月在洛阳江红树林自然保护区内选择了光滩（Qch1）、屿头红树林区（Qch2）、增墁红树林区（Qch3）和米草区（Qch4））4条断面共3种生境,进行软体动物调查。共鉴定软体动物16科...