汕头港污损生物生态研究

１９９１年６月至１９９２年５月在汕头港进行污损生物挂板实验，同时调查港区浮标，码头和船底的污损生物，调查方法采用国际海洋调查规范。获１１９种生物，试板７２种，浮标和船底７０中，码头５４种，其中，泥藤壶、网纹藤壶、僧帽牡蛎、翡翠胎贝、太平洋侧花海葵、双枝薮枝螅和双节螅的优势种。     

沙埕港污损生物的生态研究

１９９０年３月至１９９１年２月，在闽沂交界处的沙埕港进行周年污损生物挂板试验，共记录生物７０年，其中，海藻１３种，动物５７种，以泥藤壶，网纹藤壶，僧帽牡盛，中胚花筒螅，太平洋侧花海葵，香港网筛苔虫和多种端足类为优势种，全年 生物附着，夏，秋春，冬季的优势种有显著不同，优势种突出，附着量特别大，夏季底层板（６－８月）的湿重生物量达２８．０３ｋｇ／ｍ＾２，为目前全国沿岩港湾生物量之冠。     

珠江口赤潮生物及其与环境关系

样品于１９８７年２月至１９８８年２月采集于珠江口水域。从珠江口水域鉴定出２６种赤潮生物，分析了赤潮生物的季节更替现象，讨论赤潮生物与温度、盐度、营养盐的关系。     

珠江口赤潮生物及其与环境关系

样品于１９８７年２月至１９８８年２月采集于珠江口水域。从珠江口水域鉴定出２６种赤潮生物，分析了赤潮生物的季节更替现象，讨论赤潮生物与温度、盐度、营养盐的关系。     

湛江港污损生物挂板试验

１９９１年４月至１９９２年３月在湛江港内的试验浮筏上进行了污损生物周年挂板调查。共记录５９种生物。优势种是浒苔Ｅｎｔｅｒｍｏｒｐｈａ ｓｐ．和网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓ ｒｅｌｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ。表层月板附着量变化幅度１０．０－２５０．０ｇ．ｍ＾－２，底层月板附着量变化幅度为３．０－５６８０．５ｇ．ｍ＾－２，年板全年附着量炒２２３４７．１ｇ．ｍ＾－２。     

湛江港污损生物挂板试验

１９９１年４月至１９９２年３月在湛江港内的试验浮筏上进行了污损生物周年挂板调查。共记录５９种生物。优势种是浒苔Ｅｎｔｅｒｍｏｒｐｈａｓｐ．和网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ。表层月板附着量变化幅度１０．０—２５０．０ｇ·ｍ－２，底层月板附着量变化幅度为３．０—５６８０．５ｇ·ｍ－２，年板全年附着量为２２３４７·１ｇ·ｍ－２。     

南麂列岛环境质量调查与潮间带生态研究

１９９２年５月～１９９３年３月对南麂列岛潮间带１７条断面和本岛陆域环境进行了全面的生态调查和环境质量评价。共获大型底栖动物２７８种，大型藻类１２１种，微小型藻类１５５种。研究结果表明，本区种类组成以软体动物最为丰富，生物数量以甲壳动物占绝对优势。区系特点与福建、广东沿岸较为相似。生物量以春季为高，栖息密度在秋季有一明显高峰。生物量的大小顺序为开敞岩礁大于隐蔽岩礁大于巨砾大于泥滩大于沙滩。种类组成、数量分布和群落结构与底质类型、波浪作用关系密切。文中还对生物的地域断裂分布现象作了探讨，对环境质量保护问题提出了建议。     

海南岛西南部莺歌海水域生物污着的研究

１９８６年５月－１９８８年４月海南中莺歌海水域布设４个浮标上，以了解该海区生物污着状况，结果表明，该海区污着生物群落的厚度及生物量主要取决于双壳类软体动物和无柄蔓足类等硬性污着生物，而海藻、水螅、苔鲜虫及有柄蔓足类则是生物污着的重要种类。此外，随着离岸距离的增加，污着生物群落的种类组成及数量相应变化。     

从以色列微藻生物技术论中国微藻产业的发展

于１９９４年１２月１５日－１９９４年１２月３０日随中国考察团赴以色列访问考察。考察表明，以色列十分重视微藻生物技术尤其是有关藻类光合作用机理和新藻种的开发等方面的基础研究，同时对高有效成份含量微藻生产工艺等应用性研究方面也很重视，实现了螺旋藻生产的计算机控制。我国应该加强同以色列在高效微藻生物技术领域的合作，增加科技投入，加强有关优良藻种选育和藻类生物反应器等方面的研究工作，以便加速我国微藻产业的     

两种美洲瓶螺在香港的发现

于１９８５年７月－１９８８年１０月，在香港新界北部，进行螺类生态调查。对采集的标本鉴定表明，有两种瓶螺－光滑瓶螺、大瓶螺，是在香港首次发现。这对香港地区今后采取生物控制措施、防止近年来引入的孟氏血吸虫的中间宿主－藁杆双脐螺的蔓延具有实际意义。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.