吉林荒沟山铅锌矿床热液叠加成矿作用流体来源及特征研究

荒沟山铅锌矿床为吉南老岭多金属成矿带内的代表性矿床之一,矿体产于元古宙老岭群珍珠门组之中,受地层和韧性剪切带控制。在成矿后期,矿床经历了热液叠加成矿作用,其对成矿元素的进一步富集起到重要作用。为探究热液叠加成矿作用中流体的来源及特征,采用流体包裹体显微测温及C、H、O同位素地球化学的研究方法对热液叠加成矿期各阶段流体的性质进行研究,结果表明:Ⅰ阶段即黄铁矿-石英阶段成矿流体属中低温、低盐度的NaCl-H_2O体系;流体包裹体的δDH_2O为-74.8‰~-87.4‰,δ~(18)OH_2O为8.3‰~9.8‰,δ~(13)CV-PDB为-9.6‰~-10.8‰,具岩浆水的特点。Ⅱ阶段即方铅矿-石英阶段成矿流体为低温、低盐度的NaCl-H_2O体系;流体包裹体的δDH_2O为-91.4‰~-93.9‰,δ~(18)OH_2O为3.3‰~4.7‰,δ~(13)CV-PDB为-9.5‰~-10.5‰,具岩浆水与大气降水混合流体的特点,但仍以岩浆水作用为主。     

辽宁白云金矿床成矿流体特征、成矿物质来源及成因研究

辽宁白云金矿是辽东-吉南裂谷带内典型的大型金矿床,其成矿作用复杂,为了深入揭示其成矿流体、成矿物质来源及成矿模式特征,针对白云金矿石进行流体包裹体、H,O,S及与成矿有关的岩体的研究,结果显示:5块金矿石流体包裹体的均一温度范围为152℃~370℃,主要分布在240℃~310℃,激光拉曼成分主要为CO_2和CH_4,有少量H_2O,极少数有N_2;5块金矿石δ~(34)S值为-8.5‰~+1.6‰(平均为-4.85‰),赋矿围岩(黑云片岩、变粒岩)中δ~(34)S值为+10.0‰~+17.0‰(平均为+14.57‰),地层大理岩的δ~(34)S值为-0.5‰~+13.2‰(平均为+7.17‰);5块金矿石石英中δ~(18)O为8.0‰~15.5‰,δD为-96.3‰~-73.6‰;与成矿有关的新岭岩体SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为217.6Ma±2.2Ma。流体包裹体特征表明:成矿流体为中温低盐度低密度的水盐流体,属于含N_2的H_2O-CO_2-CH_4-NaCl体系。流体中CO_2及CH_4形成与大理岩有关,极少数的N_2含量可能与大气水有关。氢氧同位素结果显示,成矿热液主要来源于深部岩浆水,后期混有部分大气降水。硫同位素特征表明,成矿物质可能主要来自岩浆热液。综上,白云金矿床的主成矿期为印支期,白云金矿床属于岩浆热液型金矿。     

小秦岭东桐峪金矿床稳定同位素地球化学及成矿物质来源

东桐峪金矿位于小秦岭金矿田中西部,矿体受韧性剪切构造带控制。为了确定矿床成矿流体和成矿金属来源,笔者系统研究了该矿床的3个成矿阶段S、C、H、O同位素组成特征。结果显示12件石英中包裹体水的δDH_2O变化范围为-78.1‰~-42.2‰;12件石英样品中第Ⅰ阶段δ~(18)OH_2O值为9.76‰~13.16‰;Ⅱ阶段δ~(18)OH_2O值为6.30‰~8.10‰;Ⅲ阶段δ~(18)OH_2O值为6.76‰~7.26‰。流体包裹体中CO_2的δ~(13)C值为-1.8‰~-2.5‰。16件硫化物δ~(34)S值为-3.7‰~+8.2‰。H、O、C同位素组成特点表明,水兼有变质水和岩浆水的特征,是太华群基底深熔作用蒸汽相的产物,其运动与长期的糜棱岩带活动有关。成矿流体中C主要来自地幔。S同位素组成特征表明矿石中S来自太华群或深部重熔的岩浆岩。     

北祁连干沙鄂博稀土元素矿床地质和矿床地球化学特征

干沙鄂博稀土元素矿床位于北祁连造山带中段,是该地区唯一大型稀土元素矿床。矿体产于早泥盆世碱性岩体及其接触带中,围岩蚀变表现为霓长岩化、碳酸岩化和萤石化,矿石类型主要为霓辉正长岩型和霓辉正长斑岩型,矿物组合为氟碳钙铈矿+黄铜矿+霓辉石+钠长石+钠闪石+萤石+方解石。通过详细的岩相学和矿相学观察,划分出4个成矿期,包括岩浆成矿期(Ⅰ)、早期热液成矿期(Ⅱ)、晚期热液成矿期(Ⅲ)和表生成矿期(Ⅳ)。其中,早期热液成矿期为主成矿期,包括3个成矿阶段:霓石-钠长石-氟碳钙铈矿阶段(Ⅱ_1)、钠闪石-氟碳钙铈矿阶段(Ⅱ_2)、霓石-方解石-氟碳钙铈矿阶段(Ⅱ_3)。脉石矿物石英的δ~(18)O值为7.3‰～11.3‰,δD值为-89.4‰～-68.8‰,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)值为-10.5‰～-7.9‰,表明成矿流体以岩浆热液为主,有大气降水的参与。矿石中硫化物δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值介于-7.1‰～-1.3‰之间,平均-4.4‰,总硫同位素δ~(34)S_(ΣS)为-3.9‰;矿石硫化物铅同位素组成基本一致,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb比值分别为18.417～18.524、15.637～15.769和38.425～38.863,与矿区早泥盆世含矿碱性岩体岩石铅同位素组成十分相似,推测成矿物质主要来源于该碱性岩体。     

北祁连山西段西柳沟铅锌矿稳定同位素特征

西柳沟铅锌矿位于北祁连山西段以钨、钼、铜、铅、锌等为主的多金属成矿带之西端。为探讨其成矿流体的来源,选择了该矿床主成矿期的9 件矿石样品,挑选其单矿物,并对保存于石英中的原生包裹体做了D, O 同位素分析,分析显示成矿流体的δDV-SMOW 值为-47‰ ~ -72‰;成矿期石英矿物的δ18O 介于11.9‰ ~ 14.1‰之间,与石英平衡的热液水的δ18OH2O‰值为-0.79‰ ~ 3.64‰之间（包裹体均一温度平均值为190℃）;矿体石英包裹体δ13CV-PDB‰值介于-6‰ ~ -4.2‰之间。成矿流体包裹体的均一温度为126℃ ~ 384℃,集中于140℃ ~ 200℃ ;盐度ω （NaCleq）为1.05% ~ 9.86%,多数为1.74%~ 6.45%。研究表明：西柳沟铅锌矿是浅成的中低温、低盐度、低密度岩浆期后热液型矿床,成矿流体来源主要是以岩浆水为主,大气降水为辅。     

内蒙古1017高地银多金属矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨

1017高地银多金属矿床位于内蒙古自治区东乌珠穆沁旗,矿区大地构造位置处于西伯利亚板块东南缘查干敖包-奥尤特-朝不楞早古生代构造-岩浆岩带东段。石英脉型矿石中流体包裹体研究显示,从成矿早期到主成矿期,流体温度逐渐降低(从404℃~134℃到236℃~121℃),盐度都为中低盐度,由此表明该矿床具有浅成、中低温、中低盐度热液成矿特征。激光拉曼光谱分析显示包裹体气液相成分主要为H2O。矿石硫同位素组成相对均一,δ34S介于3.4‰~8.0‰之间,均值5.35‰,与幔源S的δ34S值(介于-3‰~3.0‰之间)比较,有向沉积硫的明显漂移,表明矿石中硫来源于沉积硫与岩浆硫的混合、平衡作用;矿石硫化物铅同位素比值没有明显的差别,206Pb/204Pb值为18.274 0~18.399 6,207Pb/204Pb值为15.539 9~15.561 6,208Pb/204Pb值为38.036 3~38.177 2,具有钍铅微弱亏损特征,指示矿石中硫化物的铅源主要来自地壳深部的岩浆源区,伴随岩浆及其热液作用,不可避免地混入了部分富放射成因铅的地壳物质。矿石氢氧同位素组成为:δDV-SMOW值介于-103‰~-125‰之间,δ18 OV-SMOW值在6.9‰~13.9‰之间,显示成矿流体中的水来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合。综合1017高地银多金属矿床的地质特征和流体包裹体、S,Pb,H,O同位素研究认为,该矿床成矿物质来源于深源岩浆和上地壳的混合,成矿流体主要来自岩浆期后热液和大气降水,其成因类型可归于中低温度、中低盐度的岩浆期后热液型银多金属矿床。     

黔西南卡林型金矿矿田控矿构造类型及成矿流体特征

黔西南地区是我国卡林型金矿重要的矿集区,滇黔桂"金三角"的重要组成部分之一。区内金矿的主控矿构造可归纳为三类:不整合型、断层型以及不整合和断层复合型。前人分别针对三类构造中的流体开展了研究,但由于缺乏系统对比研究,在成矿流体特征及来源方面一直存在较大的争议。本次研究在结合前人已获稳定同位素结果的基础上,选取了水银洞、丫他等典型矿床,针对三类构造中成矿期脉体进行流体包裹体以及H-O-C-S同位素研究,探讨其成矿期成矿流体特征以及来源。不整合型构造中流体包裹体可见气液两相包裹体(W型)以及含CO_2三相包裹体(C型),复合型构造和断层型构造主要以气液两相包裹体(W型)为主。不整合型气液两相包裹体(W型)均一温度集中在180~220℃之间,流体盐度范围为0.70%~6.50%Na Cleqv,密度0.78g/cm~3;复合型构造中W型包裹体均一温度为163~323℃,盐度0.30%~9.00%Na Cleqv,密度平均为0.73g/cm~3;断层型构造中W型包裹体均一温度集中于140~176℃,盐度为0.90%~9.30%Na Cleqv,密度平均为0.74g/cm~3。在均一温度-盐度图中未发现温度或盐度异常端元,指示三类构造中流体是一个连续演化的过程。结合激光拉曼光谱分析,CO_2、CO、CH_4等气体的减少指示了在由深到浅的演化过程中成矿流体发生了沸腾作用。不整合型构造中方解石δ~(13)CV-PDB值为-8.78‰~1.69‰,δ~(18)OSMOW值为8.01‰~23.08‰;复合型构造方解石中δ~(13)CV-PDB范围为-7.93‰~0.00‰,δ~(18)OSMOW为9.44‰~16.09‰;断层型构造方解石中δ~(13)CV-PDB范围为-1.06‰~-4.46‰,δ~(18)OSMOW=12.33‰~22.58‰。从数据投点结果来看,成矿流体中碳主要来源于深部和沉积地层,且从不整合型构造到断层型构造,深部贡献渐弱而地层贡献渐强。根据计算,不整合型构造流体中δD_(H_2O)值范围为-32.30‰~-97.40‰,δ~(18)OH_2O值为-1.28‰~12.40‰;复合型构造中δD_(H_2O)值为-75.00‰~-78.00‰,δ~(18)OH_2O值为11.30‰~12.30‰;断层型构造中δD_(H_2O)值为-60.01‰~-104.40‰,δ~(18)OH_2O值为8.35‰~13.90‰。δD_(H_2O)-δ~(18)OH_2O图中,数据点显示出三类构造中成矿流体的多源性,不整合型构造与岩浆水的关系相对密切,而断层型构造与盆地流体及变质水关系密切,水岩反应造成氧同位素值呈向右漂移趋势。不整合型构造中的S主要以幔源为主,复合型构造和断层型构造中分别受到沉积地层的影响,造成δ~(34)SV-CDT值有所偏大。因此,本文认为黔西南三类主要控矿构造中成矿流体均为中低温、低盐度、低密度的流体,且显示出多来源的特征,不整合型构造中以深部来源为主,断层型构造中以盆地卤水为主,而复合型构造中两类来源相当。另外,变质流体的加入暗示黔西南卡林型金的成矿与造山作用之间存在某种联系。     

河北撒岱沟门钼矿床成矿流体演化研究

撒岱沟门钼矿床是华北地台北缘燕辽钼(铜)成矿带上典型的斑岩型钼矿床,位于河北省丰宁县境内,是该区目前发现的最大钼矿床。矿床成矿作用可划分为3期:成矿前(无矿石英脉阶段)、成矿期((1)石英+磁铁矿+辉钼矿+黄铁矿+钾长石阶段,(2)石英+辉钼矿阶段,(3)石英+云母+辉钼矿+黄铁矿阶段,(4)石英+辉钼矿+黄铁矿阶段)、成矿期后(晚期无矿热液阶段)。对矿床流体包裹体的研究表明,撒岱沟门钼矿床主要发育两类包裹体:盐水溶液包裹体和含CO_2三相包裹体。成矿前与成矿期后流体以气液两相的盐水溶液包裹体为主,对应的均一温度、盐度分别为248~296℃和6.0%~10.2%NaCleqv,以及130~197℃和0.2%~5.9%Na Cleqv。成矿期两种类型包裹体均发育,均一温度和盐度主要集中在200~260℃和7.0%~17.5%NaCleqv。成矿流体中气相成分以CO_2、H_2O、N_2为主,离子以Na~+、Ca~(2+)、NO_3~-和Cl~-为主。氢、氧同位素研究表明,撒岱沟门钼矿床中石英的δD值为-88‰~-102‰,δ~(18)OH_2O值为-1.90‰~3.12‰,成矿流体属于以岩浆水为主的中低温中低盐度的CO_2-H_2O-NaCl体系。     

赣南狮吼山硫铁-钨多金属矿床H-O-S同位素组成特征

狮吼山硫铁-钨多金属矿床位于银坑-青塘整装勘查区北部,是赣南地区唯一大型硫铁矿床。磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿(-黄铜矿-白钨矿)矿体赋存于石炭系梓山组上段地层中含铁、含钙层位,主要形成于石英-硫化物阶段。本文通过分析原生矿石矿物中H-O-S同位素组成特征,结合Pb同位素和成矿年代测试结果,探讨成矿流体来源及成矿演化过程。矿石硫化物中δ~(34)S组成特征(-5. 50‰～-0. 20‰,集中于-3. 0‰～0. 0‰)显示,硫源以岩浆硫为主,较宽的变化范围预示成矿流体遭受了叠加和改造作用。δD-δ~(18)O同位素组成主要集中于岩浆水与变质水重叠区域(δD=-74. 4‰～-48. 0‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)=3. 76‰～10. 86‰),说明成矿流体以岩浆水和变质水为主,后期有少量的天水混入。综合分析认为,该矿床成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆水,岩浆热液与含钙地层的接触交代作用形成大规模变质流体,再加上少量的天水混入,流体间的不混溶作用使成矿物质在岩体与含钙层位接触部位富集沉淀,形成热液充填交代型矿床。     

辽宁白云金矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因

白云金矿床是辽东地区的一个大型金矿床,其成矿物质来源及矿床成因一直存在争议。本文系统地研究了白云金矿床的氢、氧、硫和碳同位素地球化学特征。研究结果显示:成矿流体中δ~(18)OV-SMOW值变化范围为13.5‰15.9‰,δD_(V-SMOW)为-107‰-83‰,表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主;矿石中黄铁矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)为-8.3‰2.9‰,以富轻硫和贫重硫为特征,与辽河群围岩中黄铁矿的硫同位素组成(δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)为7.0‰18.7‰)有明显差异;矿石中方解石的碳同位素δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)为-2.2‰-0.4‰,类似于火成碳酸岩或地幔包体来源的碳同位素特征,也与辽河群大理岩的碳同位素组成明显不同。成矿元素特征对比也显示,成矿物质来源与辽河群没有必然联系。综合矿床地质特征和地球化学特征,认为白云金矿床是与深部岩浆流体活动有关的岩浆热液型金矿床。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861