FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PHOTO-RADIATION METHOD OF TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

The photo-radiation method of terrestrial photogrammetry was introduced in 1981 as an appropriate means of rapidly surveying large areas of open ground, primarily beaches. Since that time, several variations on the standard method have been tested. These have arisen from attempting to solve problems associated with particular situations. For instance, the use of the waterline as a means of contouring developed from a problem where a dangerous river bank was inaccessible for traditional survey observations. Another application concerned laboratory testing where photogrammetry is particularly attractive for measurement due to the coverage which is possible, together with the advantage that permanent records remain on film for later re-analysis. Both these variations in the photo-radiation method are described, together with an indication of the circumstances under which they have been successfully applied.     

INDUSTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND RECENT APPLICATIONS

Over the past decade, photogrammetry has been increasingly applied as a precise three dimensional measuring tool in industrial and engineering works. Analytical photogrammetry is now routinely employed in tasks of measurement as diverse as machine tool inspection and fixture checking, structural deformation monitoring, the provision of control databases to guide industrial robots and the measurement of structures in earth orbit. Traditional photogrammetric techniques and instrumentation are usually inappropriate for industrial work and the development of complete, fully integrated close range photogrammetric systems has recently gained considerable impetus. This paper details some of the significant new developments in industrial photogrammetry, with particular reference to technological advances in the Simultaneous Triangulation and Resection System (STARS) designed by Geodetic Services, Inc. for industrial photograininetry. Practical aspects of industrial measurement are also presented in a review of some of the varying tasks that GSI has carried out in recent years. Emphasis is placed on demonstrating the flexibility, accuracy, reliability and economy of photogrammetry, as well as the progress made in automating this measurement technique.     

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY

With the advent of powerful computers and cheap optical devices, photogrammetric methods are now being used in several aspects of medicine. The application of close range photogrammetry to human movement analysis and body shape measurement is described.     

THE EYE, VISION AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY

The author begins by discussing the optical system of the eye, refractive errors and their correction, the image receiving and perception system, visual resolution and fixation of objects. Binocular vision and depth perception are then considered, particularly when viewing a pair of photographs stereoscopically through independent optical systems. The effect of relevant visual anomalies on photogrammetric performance and the screening of candidates for photogrammetric work are then discussed.     

PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE RANGE 300 MM TO 3000 MM: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IN THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY

A review is provided of the techniques and applications of very close range photogrammetry to engineering measurements in the electricity supply industry. Starting from a definition of very close range photogrammetry by consideration of depth of field, the techniques of measurement in the range 300 mm to 3 m are discussed with an analysis of four practical examples; two examples relate to the confirmation of continued structural integrity of nuclear reactor components by remote photogrammetric measurement, one uses the technique for measuring creep stress for component life assessment and one uses it for the baseline measurements of insulation coverplates in a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. Emphasis is given to the mathematical modelling of the cameras employed and their subsequent calibration. The development of a universal calibration facility for all cameras working in this range is described.     

TRIGONOMETRICAL HEIGHTS AND THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

Mr. A. J. Morley has contributed a series of articles in the Review (E.S.R., iv, 23, 16; iv, 25, 136 and vi, 40, 76) on the adjustment of trigonometrical levels and the evaluation of the coefficient of terrestrial refraction with a view to ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal with these problems. This object is very commendable as several problems concerning both the observational and theoretical sides arise in height determinations, regarding which there is not much guidance in the usual treatises on the subject.     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.     

近景摄影测量集中实习教学内容与方法研究

分析了近景摄影测量课程集中实习中教学内容、实习手段及教学管理中存在的问题,提出将实习改革为综合型实习的措施,改进了教学管理手段,并被证明是有效的.     

角锥棱镜有效面积的测量方法及其误差分析

设计了一种角锥棱镜有效面积的测量方法,测出了角锥棱镜在不同入射角下的实际有效面积,给出有效反射面积的理论值和实测值随入射角的变化曲线,分析了两者间中出现差异的原因。     

数字水准仪i角检校方法探讨

对仪器结构原理进行了分析，从而提出了数字水准仪角的调整办法，供有关使用和检修人员参考。     

摄影测量与遥感技术在建立数字中国中的作用

本文阐述了建立数字中国的关键是建立国家窄问数据基础设施，同时阐述了国家空间数据基础设施建立的可能性。借此认识到摄影测量与遥感对数字中国的建立起着至关重要的作用。     

全站仪轴系补偿原理及检验方法探讨

全面阐述了全站仪的轴系补偿相关理论和实践，指出了我国检验规程的不足之处，提出了改进方法。     

摄影测量的现状及新世纪的摄影测量件

本文简明扼要地介绍了摄影测量的三个发展阶段以及摄影测量与遥感的相互关系，并从产业化生产的角度出发，分析了新世纪的摄影测量重点应注意的几个方面。     

全站仪轴系误差检验新方法

从全站仪轴系误差的数学规律出发，考虑了确立量值传递标准、多余观测和有效利用误差规律，分析了竖轴横向倾斜误差、横轴倾斜误差和视准轴误差，提出了一套全新的高效的全站仪轴系检定方案，并且以实际测试的数据验证了其可靠性。