北黄海盆地中生界沉积充填及有利生储盖组合

沉积充填生储盖组合中生界北黄海盆地北黄海盆地是我国海域油气勘探的新区,成藏条件及其时空匹配研究薄弱,是制约该区油气勘探取得突破的重要基础地质问题之一。通过岩心、钻井、测井及地震资料等的综合分析,对中生界构造格架下的沉积充填及有利生储盖组合特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,北黄海盆地中生界为断陷湖盆,中侏罗统以湖泊沉积为主,上侏罗统主要发育三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,下白垩统发育扇三角洲-湖泊沉积体系。北黄海盆地中生界发育2套有利的生储盖组合,上侏罗统上部的半深湖相暗色泥岩有机质丰富,构成研究区主力烃源岩,与下白垩统扇三角洲储集砂体及其上部滨浅湖泥岩组成的复合型组合,为空间匹配最好的生储盖组合;上侏罗统烃源岩与其中下部三角洲河道砂体组成的倒灌式间断型组合,为另一套较有潜力的组合,储层物性及断裂-不整合面输导是决定生储盖组合优劣的关键。     

沉积体系与油气富集的关系讨论

通过对沉积盆地的沉积体系、沉积相及其时空分布进行简要的回顾,从沉积相与烃源岩的关系、沉积相与油气生储盖组合的关系以及生油凹陷对油气分布的控制作用等方面对沉积相带与油气富集的关系进行探讨,认识到油气的形成与分布严格受控于沉积体系和沉积相的时空展布及其成岩作用历史,沉积体系及其成岩作用条件的分析,对于确定勘探目的层和寻找有利聚集带,具有重要的意义。     

松辽盆地尚家—太平川地区石油地质条件及勘探方向分析

通过对尚家—太平川地区构造演化、烃源岩特征、沉积特征、储盖组合、油水关系及油藏类型和油气成藏特征的分析,研究了本区的石油地质条件,认为烃源岩具有较好的生、排烃能力,分流河道砂体为油气聚集提供较好的沉积环境,良好的储盖组合有利于油气的聚集与保存。研究区没有统一油水界面,尚家地区以岩性—构造油藏为主,太平川地区以构造—岩性油藏为主。区内扶余—杨大城子油层油气成藏受有效性圈闭、优势运移通道、过剩压力、储集条件和构造诱导作用控制。据上述认识确定了研究区下一步的勘探方向,并已在指导勘探实践中取得了较好的效果。     

河西走廊地区石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件与含油气前景

对河西走廊地区石炭系—二叠系沉积演化、生烃条件、储集条件、生储盖组合类型和保存条件进行了研究,认为区内石炭系—二叠系具有良好的油气地质条件,是值得重视的油气勘探新层系。研究区早石炭世—早二叠世早期,以浅海相—海陆交互相沉积为主,前黑山组—太原组发育多套暗色泥岩或炭质泥岩为主的烃源岩,有机质含量中等—较高,以Ⅱ~Ⅲ型干酪根为主,烃源岩演化进入成熟—高成熟阶段;储集层以碎屑岩为主,成岩作用强烈,原始粒间孔隙不发育,但不乏溶蚀孔隙较发育的中等—较好的碎屑岩储集层,而且碳酸盐岩也是区内重要的储集层类;中生界为区域盖层,石炭系—二叠系内部的砂泥岩组合构成纵向上的储盖组合;可形成内生连续式、上生下储式、潜山式等多种生储盖组合类型。石炭系—二叠系广泛分布的油气苗或钻井油气显示,为存在油气生成、运移与聚集的过程提供了依据。     

俄罗斯萨哈林3号V区块油气成藏条件及勘探潜力

俄罗斯萨哈林3号V区块位于东萨哈林-鄂霍茨克盆地中南部,是中俄第一个油气勘探合作项目,主要勘探层系中新统发育海相三角洲沉积体系,沉积相以三角洲前缘、前三角洲以及浅海相为主,构造演化主要经历了晚白垩世-古近纪的裂谷期、渐新世中晚期-上新世早期的转换拉伸期和早上新世以后-近代的转换拉伸期3个阶段,形成了近南北走向、东西分带的"两隆三凹"的构造格局。烃源岩以达耶-胡林组硅质页岩、威宁组和奥科贝凯组暗色泥岩为主,有机质丰度高,生烃能力强。中新统两套储盖组合为油气的聚集和保存提供了有利条件。圈闭类型以断层控制的背斜和断背斜为主。研究表明,油气的生成、运移、储盖组合、圈闭形成、保存条件等成藏配置关系合理,油气主要富集于两个构造带上,分别是维尼背斜构造带和南阿雅什构造带。     

沾化凹陷罗家鼻状构造油气运移富集规律研究

近岸水下扇储集砂体是中国陆相含油气盆地碎屑岩储集体的重要组成部分。该文在对沾化凹陷罗家鼻状构造沙四上段沉积微相、生油岩条件和生储盖组合综合研究基础上,详细论述了稠油的形成机制,总结了该区油气运移和富集规律。通过对沙四上段领教层的综合评价,指出了区内下一步有利勘探目标。     

亚诺斯盆地中部L区块Carbonera组油气成藏主控因素

L区块位于哥伦比亚亚诺斯盆地的前隆构造带以东的斜坡带上,其地层较平缓,圈闭规模小,油气分布不均,预测难度大。以亚诺斯盆地L区块勘探开发最新资料为基础,结合前人的研究成果,采用油气地质综合分析方法,探讨油气成藏主控因素,旨在指导下一步油气经济高效滚动勘探开发工作。研究结果表明,L区块Carbonera组的油气成藏主要受烃源岩、断层、盖层、储盖组合及圈闭的控制,且在油气成藏过程中,生烃中心控制着油气的富集及生物降解程度,断层控制着油气的分布,盖层的垂向封闭影响着油柱高度,多套储盖组合控制着油气藏的类型,圈闭的形态和大小则控制着油气藏的规模。     

苏北盆地油气富集与分布的主控因素

根据烃源岩及沉积体系的分布、断裂的发育与分布、盖层的发育状况、圈闭形成时期等因素与油气富集特征的分析,认为苏北盆地各凹陷的油气富集程度与其烃源岩的发育程度有关,油气藏的形成及分布与断层密切相关,断层是控制油气成藏与富集的主要因素之一;紧邻生烃中心的长期隆起区是油气运移的指向区,控制油气的聚集成藏;区域盖层阻止油气往上覆层运移,其下伏储集层段为油气富集层段,缺乏统一区域性盖层的层段,局部盖层发育与否直接影响油气富集程度;沉积体系的分布控制油气的分布和富集地区。     

南堡凹陷3号潜山成藏特征探讨

南堡3号潜山位于南堡凹陷的东南部,是南堡油田勘探开发的重要接替区域之一。文章通过对构造、烃源岩、储集层、生储盖组合等方面的分析,认为南堡3号潜山成藏条件优越:具有洼中隆的有利构造背景;潜山油源主要来自下古近系,且烃源岩已不同程度地进入成熟-高成熟阶段;储集空间发育,储层类型主要为裂缝空隙型;潜山发育良好的生储盖组合;烃源岩供给和储集层发育程度是潜山油气富集的关键因素。     

宝饶复式油气藏油气分布与聚集规律

针对宝饶复式油气藏复杂的构造及油气水分布规律,开展了该油气藏沉积、构造、生储盖条件及其组合关系等研究,认为宝饶构造带沉积储层与油气运移、构造圈闭匹配关系良好,具备良好的成藏条件,是吉尔嘎郎图凹陷油气富集最为有利的构造带,其中Ｋ１ｂｔ＾２是油气最富集的层位;进一步探讨了宝饶复式油气藏油气分布规律及影响因素、油气藏类型,认识到其油气分布主要受沉积微相及断层封挡作用的影响,构造及岩相的复杂性导致了油气藏     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.