浅析地质雷达技术在我国的发展及应用

我国从上世纪八十年代开始引进地质雷达技术,到现在已经发展的相当成熟了。地质雷达技术以其高分辨率、无损性、高效率,以及操作简单、抗干扰能力强等优越性,迅速广泛地应用于路基路面质量检测,城市基础设施探测,隧道工程及地质调查等领域,成为一种不可缺少的地球物理勘探手段。这里在总结大量前人研究的基础上,对地质雷达技术在我国的发展历程作一个简单的回顾,并分析了地质雷达技术现阶段在我国的应用情况,最后指出了地质雷达技术未来的发展方向。     

地质雷达探测技术的应用研究

地质雷达是一种新发展起来的物探方法, 在许多部门得到广泛应用。本文简要介绍了地质雷达的理论、原理, 以及目前的应用发展状况, 并通过不同类型的工程实例说明地质雷达的应用效果。实施地质雷达探测的费用较低, 效果好, 因此经济效益显著, 是一种值得推广、有广阔应用前途的物探方法。     

江河堤防隐患的地质雷达调查

本文简述了地质雷达的高定位精度与高分辨率，用重庆钢铁（集团）公司原料场江岸边坡的地质雷达调查结果推测了岸坡塌陷的成因，例举了黄河大堤土裂缝、“老口门”以及涵洞的地质雷达试验结果。上述结果展示了地质雷达在江河堤防隐患探测中的广阔应用前景。     

地质雷达探测技术简介

地质雷达探测技术简介地质探测雷达（ＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＰｒｏｂｅＲａｄｉｏ）简称（ＧＰＲ）．是一种新的地球物理勘探方法，在我国应用地质雷达探测工程地质等方面的问题，还是最近几年的事．地质雷达探测与地震反向法原理相同，反射脉冲直接进入地下，记录从地下界...     

地质雷达及其在环境地质中的应用

本文结合近几年联邦德国在环境地质方面的研究工作对地质雷达在环境工程领域中的应用范围及其局限性作了简要总结,文中并介绍了地质雷达技术的方法原理及存在问题。     

地质雷达技术在某铁路隧道质量检测中的应用

地质雷达作为一种数据质量好、抗干扰性强和准确高效的先进技术在铁路隧道质量检测中得到了广泛的应用。以福建省某铁路隧道工程质量检测实例,介绍地质雷达的探测原理,阐述地质雷达技术在隧道衬砌、仰拱等部件质量检测中的应用。     

地质雷达及其在地质和工程勘察中的应用

地质雷达及其在地质和工程勘察中的应用茹瑞典，张金才，耿德庸（煤炭科学研究总院开采研究所北京１０００１３）王进学，姜兴阁（河北省邢台矿务局邢台矿邢台０５４０２１）关键词地质雷达；原理；应用中国图书资料分类法分类号Ｐ６３１·３地质雷达是利用高频电磁脉冲来...     

地质雷达在公路工程建设中的应用

我国公路工程建设发展很快,地质雷达技术在公路工程建设的各个不同阶段,均有其用武之地.文章通过实例全面阐述了地质雷达在公路工程建设中不同阶段(线路勘察设计、施工、竣工验收、使用、改造)中的作用,期望地质雷达技术能在公路工程建设中起到更大作用.     

地质雷达在公路隧道短期地质超前预报中的应用

以西部开发贵州某高速公路隧道建设为例,阐述了地质雷达应用于公路隧道施工中地质超前预报的几个成功实例,说明了短期地质超前预报的重要性,为地质雷达在隧道短期地质超前预报积累了一定的经验。     

地质雷达在地下水有机污染调查方面的应用研究进展

地质雷达作为一种物探方法,应用于环境地质调查已有若干年历史.但应用于地下水及土壤的有机污染调查,目前在国内还未见诸报道.叙述了地质雷达的工作原理,阐明了地质雷达在地下水有机污染调查工作中的应用条件、应用效果,并列举部分国外应用实例.     

综合多频率地质雷达天线探测活断层浅层结构——以玉树活动断裂为例

地质雷达技术具有操作性强、分辨率高、探测深度深、对地表环境无破坏和可重复探测等特点,在活断层探测中具有很大的优势。为验证综合多中心频率地质雷达天线探测活断层地下浅层结构效果,以民主村处发育的玉树活动断裂为研究对象,采用25 MHz、100 MHz、250 MHz和500 MHz中心频率的地质雷达天线对活断层浅层结构进行探测,并与探槽剖面进行效果对比。研究结果表明:低中心频率的地质雷达天线（25 MHz和100 MHz）可获取大范围内深度较深（约32 m）的活断层地下浅层结构的整体形态,从雷达图像上可识别出主断层分布范围、断层倾向及地下浅层结构等;而中高中心频率的地质雷达天线（250 MHz和500 MHz）则可获取局部范围内深度较浅（约3 m）的地下浅层结构,尤其是500 MHz天线。探测结果与地表构造地貌形态和探槽剖面地质构造一致,表明综合多中心频率地质雷达天线探测玉树活动断裂浅层结构的有效性和适用性,为活断层研究提供多尺度数据及方法支持。      

探地雷达在隐伏岩溶勘察中的应用

在介绍探地雷达(GPR)方法原理基础上,根据岩溶发育特征及其地球物理性质,总结了GPR反射波特征,结合在岩溶发育区成功应用GPR技术方法的工程勘察实例,说明GPR方法是岩溶区岩土工程勘察和评价的有效手段。     

Requirements for the performance of a ground-penetrating radar system in searching for cavities

The requirements for the performance of a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system for detecting subsurface cavities are analyzed by numerical modeling of the GPR problem. The algorithm used to solve the forward GPR problem is approximated to a real experiment with regard to the design of the GPR system, the parameters of the source and receiver, and their position relative to the medium under study and its inhomogeneity. We calculated the spatiotemporal distribution of the field of the detected signal from a pulse source located at the interface between the medium and a cavity anomaly of a given geometry. The results were used to estimate the dynamic range of the GPR system necessary for determining the anomaly. We also performed GPR surveys of low-contrast inhomogeneities (cavities in mines) using GROT 12 GPR systems and analyzed the survey results by numerical modeling. It is shown that the GPR performance required to detect and locate inhomogeneities of interest at a certain sounding depth can be estimated in the experiment design phase.     

地质雷达在活动断裂探测中的应用与进展

结合国内外最新研究成果,对地质雷达技术在活动断裂探测中的应用进行了系统分析和总结,重点对地质雷达在城市活断层探测、古地震探测和断层识别方法的研究现状进行了阐述,并结合理塘活动断裂的应用实例进行评述。最后,提出了地质雷达探测活动断裂现存的问题,对该技术探测活动断裂的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。      

Mapping vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost with ground penetrating radar at Nalaikh depression,Mongolia

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has become an important geophysical tool which can provide a wealth of interpretive information about the vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost. A GPR investigation was conducted in October 2006 at the Nalaikh site at the southern boundary of the Siberian discontinuous permafrost region in Mongolia. GPR data were collected along four 100-m-long profiles to identify the location of the permafrost body, which included an in situ drilling borehole and analysis of temperature observations and soil water content measurements from boreholes. The GPR interpretation results indicated that the thickness of discontinuous permafrost at the study site was only 1.9–3.0 m and the permafrost is vulnerable to climate change. The soil temperature and soil water content data demonstrate the precision of GPR image interpretation. This case demonstrated that GPR is well suited for mapping the internal structure of discontinuous permafrost with relatively low soil water content.     

探地雷达在探测玉树走滑断裂带活动性中的初步应用

探地雷达具有快速、检测范围广、探测深度深、分辨率高及对地表环境无破坏等特点,在活动断层探测应用中具有很大的优势。在简要介绍玉树走滑断裂带活动性的基础上,选择高分辨率的探地雷达对隆宝、昔日达和盘琼沟处断裂带附近的活动断层进行探测。采用时间域有限差分法建立活动断层的数值模型对其雷达波响应特征进行模拟,分析断层在探地雷达剖面上的反射波特征。根据断层的反射波特征解译探地雷达图像,判断断层的位置、走向及空间展布。结合探槽开挖对比,探地雷达图像的解译结果与探槽开挖后的断裂带剖面展示的断层活动性质基本一致。根据隆宝、昔日达和盘琼沟处的探地雷达图像与探槽剖面上断层反射波特征的对比研究,解译了玉树地震震中位置探地雷达剖面上的断层展布。研究表明,探地雷达是一种快速探测活动断层的有效方法,尤其是在地表破裂不明显的区域,不仅可以准确地判断断层的位置、走向及空间展布,还可以将断裂带附近地下岩层的层位信息及探槽断面之外的地表下图像清晰地呈现出来,为以后运用探地雷达探测活动断层提供参考。     

Buried pipe detection by ground penetrating radar using the discrete wavelet transform

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used for non-invasive examination of man-made structures, especially to determine the depth of pipes buried underground. Unfortunately, shallower objects may obscure GPR raw data that is reflected from deeper ones. This study introduces a signal processing technique, called the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), to filter and enhance the GPR raw data in order to obtain higher quality profile images. Laboratory experiments were conducted and the locations of buried pipes under different conditions were analyzed. The buried pipes were made of plastic and metal, and both single and two parallel horizontal pipes are discussed. The experimental results indicate that the DWT profiles can provide more information than the traditional GPR profile. The images of the diameter and position of pipes, even two pipes of different materials and in horizontal alignment, can be enhanced by using the DWT profile.     

Estimating geometrical parameters of cylindrical targets detected by ground-penetrating radar using template matching algorithm

In the current research, the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method has been employed to identify physical and geometrical parameters of buried cylindrical structures using the pattern recognition approach. To achieve this goal, the well-established mathematical relationships between geometrical parameters of cylindrical target (radius, burial depth, and horizontal location) and the associated GPR hyperbolic response characteristics are employed using the template matching method. In order to validate the applicability of the template matching method in providing estimates of such parameters, the method is first examined on GPR responses of synthetic models with known geometrical parameters followed by applying on real data using two different similarity criteria including 2-D spatial convolution and normalized cross correlation in the wave number domain. In the first step, the GPR responses of 71 synthetic models encompassing one, two, and three horizontal cylinders were produced using the improved 2-D finite difference in frequency domain. Then, appropriate preprocessing sequences to reduce random noise caused by forward modeling were applied on synthetic data. The proposed algorithm applied on several synthetic model responses could estimate the known geometrical parameters of the buried cylinders with acceptable accuracy (maximum error of 15%). The template matching algorithm was also used to extract geometrical parameters of water and wastewater pipes buried in Imam Hossein Square, Isfahan city, as real GPR data. Depending on environmental conditions and subsurface host formation, the real GPR data normally contain a variety of noises; therefore, a series of appropriate objective preprocessing and processing stages were designed in order to apply on real GPR images before deploying template matching algorithm. The applicability of the template matching algorithm on real data and validity of the estimated parameters were proved based on assessing the accuracy of the estimated geometrical parameters of respective pipes through GPR response versus the measured parameters. The proposed algorithm was designed in such a way that all steps of estimating geometrical parameters of buried cylindrical targets are automatically carried out.     

探地雷达在桥塔塔基岩溶勘查中的应用及信号分析

以湖南省张家界—花垣县高速公路岩溶勘查为例,探讨探地雷达在竖直型岩溶勘查中的应用和效果;同时,说明复信号分析方法在探地雷达数据处理中的有效性。竖向岩溶的横向规模小,在雷达图像中相应的异常范围比较窄,异常不易分辨。首先对原始采集信号进行二维空间域滤波,再对信号进行Hilbert变换,提取雷达信号的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率,然后对这些处理后的信号进行综合分析。研究结果表明,二维空间域滤波可大大消除高频噪声的干扰,提高信号的信噪比,多参数综合分析可提高探地雷达解释的精度,最终的钻探成果也验证了反演解释结果的正确性。