云南元谋含古猿地层猪科一新属

记述产自云南元谋小河、雷老含古猿地层的猪科(Suidae)化石—新届新种——元谋臼齿猪(Molarochoerus yuanmouensis gen.et sp.nov)。以向前向外扩展的颧弓、后置的眼眶、P4和P4臼齿化、P4跟座与主尖等高、P3有大而前移的舌侧尖等特征区别于其它猪类化石。可能是猪亚科(Suinae)Propotamochoerini族的较进步类型，与Propotamochoerus有较近的亲缘关系。     

元谋古猿遗址化石年代的测定及其有关问题的探讨

采用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）测年法,对元谋县竹棚豹子洞箐（８６０３）和小河蝴蝶梁子（８７０４）两个古猿遗址的化古进行了测定。用铀线性吸收模式计算测定的化石年龄为３．２５Ｍａ,年剂量率较高的样品为２．３５Ｍａ。依据测龄数据分析,该遗址化石层中可能存在有年龄值５Ｍａ左右的化石。测年结果与南非Ｓｔｅｒｋｆｏｎｔｅｉｎ遗址的含有南方古猿非洲种化石层年龄相比,稍早些。这表明ＥＳＲ测年法,能为世界的古猿遗址年代     

云南元谋小河盆地含古猿化石地层的沉积特点与对比

云南元谋小河盆地含古猿化石的主要层位有 2个,时代相差约 1Ma。以黄色砂砾石层作为标志层,参考各含古猿化石剖面基底和现代海拔高度,盆内含化石层的晚第三纪地层可以很好的对比,小河盆地蝴蝶梁子剖面、房背梁子剖面相当于豹子洞箐剖面的的中下部。从哺乳动物化石和古地磁资料分析,小河组的地质时代为 7.3～ 8.2Ma。     

云南元谋上新世秋枫化石的首次发现及古气候分析?

云南元谋盆地西部物茂盆地的湾堡土林和虎跳滩土林的晚上新世沙沟组地层大戟科秋枫属的秋枫（Bischofia javanica BL.）化石木。化石木木材由导管、纤维、射线组成。生长轮不明显。散孔材。径列复管孔（2~6，多2~4）甚多，单管孔较少，管孔团稀见。导管端壁具单穿孔。管间纹孔式互列。导管内侵填体丰富。轴向薄壁组织未见。木纤维壁薄，分隔。射线组织异形Ⅰ及Ⅱ。射线与导管间纹孔式为横列梯形及大圆形。孢粉分析表明元谋盆地晚上新世可能存在包括大戟科草本植物，而当前秋枫化石木的发现清楚地表明大戟科乔木植物的存在。秋枫为热带和亚热带常绿季雨林中的主要树种。秋枫化石木的发现指示元谋盆地当时的环境较现今湿润。     

中国东部晚白垩世恐龙化石集群埋藏特征及国内外对比

运用埋藏学与沉积地质学的研究方法与手段,对中国东部晚白垩世具有恐龙化石集群埋藏盆地中恐龙骨骼化石的埋藏地层层序与年代、埋藏骨骼化石特征、骨骼化石埋藏类型及其埋藏成因等进行了分析与总结,并将其产出时代、埋藏相、埋藏特征与国外进行了对比研究。研究认为:中国东部与国外相比,虽然化石产出的具体时期有所差异,但从恐龙种群、埋藏相及沉积地层学等方面均具有相似性,反映了晚白垩世全球古环境、古生态及古气候的相似性。(1)中国晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏事件可分为早期与晚期2个阶段:早期的Cenomanian期与晚期的Santonian-Maastrichtian期。而国外晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏事件只发生在晚期,在美洲及蒙古国发生在Campanian晚期,在欧洲则为Campanian-Maastrichtian期的过渡时期及Maastrichtian期。(2)中国埋藏骨骼化石种属以鸟脚类鸭嘴龙科与兽脚类恐龙为主,它们埋藏于紫红色地层中,埋藏环境主要为冲积扇与河流环境;美洲以鸭嘴龙科为主,欧洲与蒙古国的种群各地不相同,都埋藏于紫红色岩石地层中,埋藏环境主要为河流—泛滥平原。骨骼在不同沉积相组合地层中埋藏学特征各异,与古地理、古生态及古环境密切相关。(3)结合盆地中的化石埋藏学特征与盆地演化特征,总结了恐龙化石埋藏类型主要有原地埋藏与异地埋藏,盆地古地理格局变动、火山活动、古温度升高及古地震等事件的综合作用是可能的埋藏成因,并提出了恐龙化石的埋藏模式。此研究为揭示中国东部乃至全球晚白垩世的古地理、古气候及古生态环境及恐龙灭绝原因的探讨提供了新的材料与证据。     

元谋盆地的新第三纪地层

元谋北部芝麻地段新发现的动物化石层位相当于小河组下部的湖相地层,据之将小河组分为上下两部分,并进一步探讨元谋盆地含古猿动物化石层的地质时代。     

New Eusauropod Dinosaur from Yuanmou of Yunnan Province, China

1 Introduction Sauropod dinosaurs were group of gigantic quadrupedal herbivores. This group includes the largest terrestrial animals ever to have existed. More than 120 genera have been proposed, however, many of these are now considered to be of dubious validity. Currently, approximately 100 genera are accepted as valid (Upchurch et al., 2004a). The sauropod dinosaur described herein was collected from Jiangyi (Fig. 1), Yuanmou County of Yunnan Province by the Yunnan Provincial Institute…     

云南元谋盆地干润变性土中次生方解石特征及形成

土壤新生体对于研究区域环境变化、营养元素释放以及次生成矿作用具有重要意义。利用化学分析、X射线衍射、偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等探讨云南省元谋盆地干润变性土钙质结核中的次生方解石的特征和形成过程。结果表明，钙质结核中次生方解石含量高，晶形完整；钙质结核以及次生方解石形成既取决于气候，也与微地形有关。次生方解石的形成过程及特征反映了自全新世以来元谋盆地主要处于干热气候环境中。     

云南马关新近系小龙潭组震积岩的发现及意义

马关地区新近系小龙潭组分布于北东向新保寨断层形成的断陷盆地内,属于湖泊相碎屑沉积。笔者近期在该组中下部首次发现震积岩,其垂向序列特征较为清楚,为研究该地区古地震活动规律提供了新资料,填补了云南新近纪断陷盆地地震灾变事件记录的空白,具有重要的地质意义。     

元谋盆地新第三纪地层兼论“甘棠组”

元谋盆地南部的甘棠村西剖面和沙沟村西剖面的岩性岩相及其所含生物化石性质,应属同时同相的地质体,沙沟组已具“甘棠组”的内涵,后者应予废除。北部的小河组与沙沟组,不仅是截然不同性质的两个地质体,其中含有的生物化石也不同,小河组的层位低于沙沟组,故把小河地区合古猿化石层（小河组）划归沙沟组不妥。     

A New Mamenchisaurid Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, China

A new mamenchisaurid dinosaur, Eomamenchisaurus yuanmouensis gen et sp. nov. is erected based on an incomplete skeleton from the Zhanghe Formation, the Middle Jurassic of Yuanmou, Yunnan Province. The new taxon is characterized by absence of pleurocoels in dorsal vertebrae and the dorsal verterbrae with slightly convex anterior articular surfaces, moderately concave posterior articular surfaces; the fourth trochanter is developed posteromedially on the femur; length ratio of the tibia to the femur is approximately 0.64; and the shaft of the ischium is rod-like. Two fused centra of the posterior dorsal vertebrae （the presumed 9th and the 10th dorsal vertebrae） are similar to those in other mamenchisaurid dinosaurs, including Mamenchisaurus hochuanesis, M. youngi and Chuanjiesaurus anaensis. Therefore, fusion of centra of the ninth and the tenth dorsal vertebrae can be recognized as a synapomorphic character of the Mamenchisauridae.     

Abrupt shifts in the Indian monsoon during the Pliocene marked by high-resolution terrestrial records from the Yuanmou Basin in southwest China

A 650-m-thick sequence of fluvio-lacustrine sediments from the Yuanmou Basin in southwest China was analyzed at 20-cm intervals for grain-size distribution to provide a high-resolution terrestrial record of Indian summer monsoon variations during the Pliocene. The concentrations of the clay and clay-plus-fine-silt fractions are inferred to reflect the water-level status of the lake basin related to the intensity of the Indian summer monsoon and high concentrations reflect high lake levels resulting from the intensified summer monsoon. The frequency of individual lacustrine mud beds is considered to reveal the frequency of the lakes developed in the basin associated with the variability of the Indian summer monsoon and an increased frequency of the lakes reveals an increased variability of the summer monsoon. The proxy data indicate that the Indian summer monsoon experienced two major shifts at 3.57 and 2.78 Ma and two secondary shifts at 3.09 and 2.39 Ma during the Pliocene. The summer monsoon displayed a general trend of gradual intensification during the period of 3.57–2.78 Ma, coeval with an accelerated uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, implying a close link between the monsoon intensification and the plateau uplift. At 2.78 Ma, the summer monsoon was markedly weakened, synchronous with the formation of extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, denoting a quick response of the monsoon regime to the Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The variability of the summer monsoon decreased at 3.09 Ma and increased at 2.39 Ma, presumably suggesting that variations of the Indian monsoon would be modulated by the initiation and periodic fluctuations of ice-sheet covers in Northern Hemisphere high latitudes.     

山东诸城晚白垩世恐龙化石埋藏学研究

山东诸城是中国以晚白垩世大型鸭嘴龙类为主的恐龙化石产地。本文从化石埋藏地地质背景、埋藏沉积相与古水流、骨骼化石分布、改造与聚集特征及分类学、骨骼化石微观组构和埋藏模型等方面,系统阐述了诸城晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏学特征。诸城晚白垩世晚期(火山岩长石Ar-Ar年龄为76.2~73.5Ma)恐龙化石主要集群埋藏于冲积扇泥石流(DF)、洪泛平原(FP)与辫状河道(BRC)沉积层中,化石密集、成层分布,但残体骨骼层内骨骼化石大小、形状混杂、疏密不均、属种的单—以及残体骨骼大小、形状和规模不等,多数骨骼化石为不完整的长柱状、板状形态,骨骼呈定向排列,具有短距离搬运、异地快速埋藏及集群埋藏特点。沉积物及薄片分析显示,诸城恐龙生存及骨骼化石埋藏的环境为半干旱—干旱气候条件。埋藏—保存模式可概括为:恶劣的生存环境—恐龙批量死亡—遗体腐烂—骨骼被洪流或泥石流冲刷、搬运至目前沉积场所—快速掩埋—浅埋藏成岩—地壳抬升暴露。诸城恐龙化石埋藏学的研究,为我们了解和恢复中国华北地区晚白垩世时期的古地理、古环境和古气候提供了依据。