西昆仑麻扎构造混杂岩带中－下侏罗统叶尔羌群源区构造背景分析

本文在收集和总结前人研究成果的基础上,通过对西昆仑麻扎地区中-下侏罗统叶尔羌群碎屑组分和砂岩地球化学特征分析,讨论了叶尔羌群沉积源区大地构造背景.在莎里塔什组沉积时期,物源区的构造背景主要为大陆岛弧、大洋岛弧的性质;杨叶组沉积时期,源区的大地构造背景为大陆岛弧,兼有活动大陆边缘性质;塔尔尕组沉积时期,源区构造背景复杂:既显示活动大陆边缘和岛弧(大洋岛弧、大陆岛弧)的性质,同时还显示出被动陆缘环境,其可能与晚三叠世造山开始时克拉通地块边缘的卷入有关.     

山西本溪组铝土矿成矿条件及成矿规律探讨

通过对山西石炭系本溪组铝土矿,即华北G层铝土矿形成的构造背景、古地理环境及铝土矿床的分布分析,指出了山西铝土矿矿床主要分布在各古陆、古岛边缘的成矿盆地中,且成矿盆地的封闭性越好越有利于成矿.古陆上广泛出露的铝硅酸盐岩经过风化分解,其中的K、Na、Ca、Mg等元素大多数被淋失,Fe、Al、Ti、Si等元素相对富集,残留在红土风化壳中,经海侵短距离机械搬运至沉积盆地沉积.通过对铝土矿成分及其围岩物质组分的分析,进一步确认沉积在古陆边缘的原始铝土矿层埋藏于潜水面以下的还原环境中,经地下水、地表水等酸性溶液的淋滤脱硅后沉积成矿,后经地壳抬升,通过对原始铝土矿的渗流作用、氧化改造而达到铝土矿的富集,且铝土矿多分布在靠近古陆边缘的缓坡一侧,在沟谷两侧的高山低洼处矿体较富,而埋藏越深越则不利于成矿.     

大洋洲地区大地构造格架与优势矿产资源

大洋洲横跨印澳板块、太平洋板块和欧亚板块三大板块,区内从太古宙至今经历了漫长的构造演化历史。根据区域地质特征,该区可划分为3个一级构造单元,即澳大利亚中西部前寒武纪克拉通、澳大利亚东部古生代造山带和环太平洋中新生代岛弧区,12个二级构造单元和40个三级构造单元。3个一级构造单元由于经历了不同的构造演化过程,各自发育了不同的岩石组合和矿化作用。在研究区域构造演化与成矿作用耦合关系的基础上,总结出3个构造单元的成矿特征：澳大利亚中西部前寒武纪克拉通成矿过程与克拉通的生长有关,成矿时代主要为太古宙和元古宙,优势矿种为金、铜、镍、锰、铁、铀、稀土、铅锌、铝土等;东部古生代造山带成矿多和古太平洋与古冈瓦纳板块的相互作用有关,成矿时代为古生代,优势矿种为铜、金、铅锌和钨锡;环太平洋中新生代岛弧区的成矿作用多与印澳板块、欧亚板块与太平洋板块的相互作用有关,成矿时代多集中在中一更新世,优势矿种为铜、金、镍、钴等。对大洋洲地区矿产资源潜力进行了评估,认为大洋洲地区的铁、锰、铜、铝、镍、金、铀、稀土等矿产资源均具有较好的潜力。     

Late Proterozoic Colisional Orogen and Geosuture in Southeastern China：Petrological Evidence

The Jiangshan-Shaoxing fracture belt(JSFB)is a Late Proterozoic geosuture due to island arc-continent collision in South China,The Cathaysian Block(CT),lying on the southeast side of JSFB,is composed of green schist-amphibolite complexes in the form of a series of tectonic flakes. On the northwest side of JSFB,which is located in the border area of Zheijiang,Jiangxi and Ahhhi provinces(abbreviated as ZJP-JXP-AHP),are distrbuted and ophiolite suite and other rocks,constituting the Jiangnan ancient island arc(JN)on the southeast margin of the Yangtze Block(YZ).The collision between JN and CT at-0.9Ga ago led to the folding of JN.followed by the intrusion(-0.9-0.8Ga ago)of many dioritic and ultramafic stitching plutons along the fracture belt.As a result,the basic Precambrian tectonic framework of southeastern China was shaped.     

Australian island arcs through time: Geodynamic implications for the Archean and Proterozoic

The operation and extent of modern-style plate tectonics in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic are controversial, although subduction and terrane accretion models have been proposed for most Archean cratons in the world, including both the Yilgarn and Pilbara Cratons of Western Australia. The recognition of ancient island arcs can be used to infer convergent plate margin processes, and in this paper we present evidence for the existence of several intraoceanic island arcs now preserved in Australia. Beginning in the Archean, Australia evolved to its present configuration through the accretion and assembly of several continental blocks, by convergent plate margin processes. In Australia, possibly the best example of an Archean island arc (or primitive continental arc) is preserved within the Mesoarchean (ca. 3130–3112 Ma) Whundo Group in the Sholl Terrane of the West Pilbara Superterrane. Two younger, Neoarchean, island arc terranes, and associated accretion, have also been proposed for the Yilgarn Craton: the Saddleback island arc (ca. 2714–2665 Ma) in the southwest Yilgarn Craton and the Kurnalpi island arc (ca. 2719–2672 Ma) in the eastern Yilgarn Craton. In the early Proterozoic, in the Central Zone of the Halls Creek Orogen, northern Western Australia, the Tickalara Metamorphics (ca. 1865–1850 Ma) have been interpreted to represent an island arc. In the southwest Gawler Craton in South Australia, the St Peter Suite (ca. 1631–1608 Ma), of juvenile I-type calcalkaline tonalite to granodiorite, possibly represents an island arc. In the Musgrave Province in central Australia, age and geochemical constraints are poor due to later overprinting tectonic events, but felsic orthogneisses (ca. 1607–1565 Ma) possibly represent juvenile felsic crust which was emplaced though subduction-related processes into an oceanic island arc. The arcs are volumetrically insignificant, but important, in that they separate much larger tracts of, usually older, continental crust, often of different composition and geological history. The arcs were sutured to continental crust during arc–continent collisional events, which eventually resulted in the assembly of much of present-day Australia. The arcs, thus, indicate lost oceanic crust. The recognition of island arcs in the ancient rock record indicates that subduction processes, similar in many ways to modern day processes at convergent plate margins, were operating on Earth by at least 3100 Ma ago.     

LIP Reading: Recognizing Oceanic Plateaux in the Geological Record

Basaltic oceanic plateaux are important features in the geologicalrecord. Not only do they record ancient mantle plume activity,but they also are believed to be important building blocks inthe formation of the continental crust. In this paper we reviewthe salient features of two Cretaceous oceanic plateaux (theOntong Java and the Caribbean–Colombian): thick sequencesof predominantly homogeneous basalt; the occurrence of high-MgObasalt, including komatiites; and an apparent absence of sheeteddyke complexes. In addition, pyroclastic deposits may be scarce.We then explore ways of distinguishing plateaux from basalticsequences erupted in different tectonomagmatic settings: continentalflood basalt provinces; island arcs; back-arc basins; oceanislands and mid-ocean ridges. Using these criteria, potentialArchaean and Proterozoic oceanic plateaux are reviewed and identified.Finally, we explore how these remnant oceanic plateaux becameincorporated into the continents, by reviewing the proposedaccretion mechanisms for the Cretaceous Caribbean–Colombianoceanic plateau, on the basis of evidence from South Americaand the tonalites of the southern Caribbean island of Aruba. KEY WORDS: oceanic plateau; basalt geochemistry; large igneous provinces; plumes     

Tectonic settings of porphyry-type mineralization and hydrothermal alteration in Paleozoic island arcs and active continental margins, Kyrghyz Range, (Tien Shan) Kyrghyzstan

Ore deposits in the fold belts of the northern Tien Shan have been formed in two stages and occur in two types of tectonic settings. The first type is represented by Early Ordovician island arcs hosting the Karakol ore district. These east–west trending island arcs are interpreted to have evolved above the south dipping subduction of oceanic crust of the Central Asian paleo-ocean. The second type of tectonic setting hosting the Octorkoy Ore District, has evolved on a Devonian-Carboniferous active continental margin of the Central Asian paleo-ocean above north dipping subduction of the oceanic crust. The second type is superposed on the first tectonic setting. The Oktorkoy ore district is characterized by thrusting and similar circular structures as in the first stage and its polygenic mineralization is associated with multiphase granitoid complexes. Zonality of porphyry copper deposits of the Kyrghyz Range is associated with the following hydrothermal alteration sequence: potassium alteration - phyllization (beresitization) - prophyllitization (epidote-chlorite-albite) - tourmalinization - argillization - prophyllitization (epidote-actinolite-albite). Received: 3 June 1996 / Accepted: 10 January 1997     

天山南缘石炭系-三叠系碎屑岩成分及其对物源区大地构造属性的指示

本文通过对天山南缘石炭系-三叠系碎屑岩岩石学特征和地球化学特征的分析,揭示了研究区石炭系-三叠系碎屑岩的物质组分特征及其物源区的大地构造背景.碎屑岩的岩石学、地球化学分析表明,天山南缘石炭系、三叠系砂岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均不高,杂基含量较高,从石炭系至三叠系砂岩不稳定组分依次增加.石炭系、二叠系具有相似的稀土元素含量特征,三叠系稀土元素含量明显低于石炭系和二叠系,石炭系-三叠系轻、重稀土元素分馏程度依次减弱,La/Th、La/Y 比值依次增大,Th/U比值减小,来自再旋回的物质依次增多.综合碎屑组分、常量元素、稀土元素及微量元素特征的判别,天山南缘石炭系物源区构造背景为既有指示大陆岛孤、活动大陆边缘的证据,也有指示为被动大陆边缘,二叠系物源区示为大陆岛弧,三叠系物源区示为大陆岛弧和含有古老沉积岩的陆块.对比石炭系、二叠系及三叠系物源区的大地构造属性,石炭系物源区示有多种属性,而二叠系、三叠系则相对较为单一,这可能与中天山-伊犁地块和塔里木陆块的碰撞有关.     

河南省荥巩煤田大峪沟矿段深部铝土矿床地质特征及找矿方向

荥巩煤田大峪沟矿段深部铝土矿床是最近找矿突破发现的一个大型铝土矿床。该铝土矿床成矿时代为早二叠世,成矿物源主要为古陆铝硅酸岩风化物,少量为中奥陶统马家沟组碳酸盐岩风化产物,成矿环境为潮坪-沼泽环境,由长期的沉积间断、特定的岩相古地理环境、构造变形和表生风化作用共同控制着矿床的形成;上石炭统本溪组是铝土矿形成的含矿岩系;海湾泻湖相沉积环境是铝土矿床形成的有利条件;下古生界奥陶系、寒武系古岩溶侵蚀面是铝土矿形成的有利场所,古岩溶侵蚀面洼地及漏斗是铝土矿的定位空间。大峪沟矿段铝土矿床成因模式属于"古陆风化+碎屑和化学沉积";成矿机制为机械和化学分异。含矿岩系底部铁质风化壳/铁质黏土岩为碳酸盐岩风化形成,铝(黏)土矿来源于铝硅酸盐岩。大峪沟深部铝土矿床的发现为河南省寻找深部铝土矿床指明了方向。     

Composition,sources, and mechanisms of formation of the continental crust of the Lake zone of the Central Asian Caledonides. II. Geochemical and Nd isotope data

Part II of this paper reports geochemical and Nd isotope characteristics of the volcanogenic and siliceous-terrigenous complexes of the Lake zone of the Central Asian Caledonides and associating granitoids of various ages. Geological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data were synthesized with application to the problems of the sources and main mechanisms of continental crust formation and evolution for the Caledonides of the Central Asian orogenic belt. It was found that the juvenile sialic crust of the Lake zone was formed during the Vendian-Cambrian (approximately 570–490 Ma) in an environment of intraoceanic island arcs and oceanic islands from depleted mantle sources with the entrainment of sedimentary crustal materials into subduction zones and owing to the accretion processes of the amalgamation of paleoceanic and island arc complexes and Precambrian microcontinents, which terminated by ∼490 Ma. The source of primary melts for the low-Ti basalts, andesites, and dacites of the Lake zone ophiolites and island arc complexes was mainly the depleted mantle wedge above a subduction zone. In addition, an enriched plume source contributed to the genesis of the high-Ti basalts and gabbroids of oceanic plateaus. The source of terrigenous rocks associating with the volcanics was composed of materials similar in composition to the country rocks at a minor and varying role of ancient crustal materials introduced into the ocean basin owing to the erosion of Precambrian microcontinents. The sedimentary rocks of the accretionary prism were derived by the erosion of mainly juvenile island arc sources with a minor contribution of rocks of the mature continental crust. The island arc and accretion stages of the development of the Lake zone (∼540–590 Ma) were accompanied by the development of high- and low-alumina sodic granitoids through the melting at various depths of depleted mantle reservoirs (metabasites of a subducted oceanic slab and a mantle wedge) and at the base of the island arc at the subordinate role of ancient crustal rocks. The melts of the postaccretion granitoids of the Central Asian Caledonides were derived mainly from the rocks of the juvenile Caledonian crust at an increasing input of an ancient crustal component owing to the tectonic mixing of the rocks of ophiolitic and island arc complexes and microcontinents. The obtained results indicate that the Vendian-Early Paleozoic stage of the evolution of the Central Asian orogenic belt was characterized by the extensive growth of juvenile continental crust and allow us to distinguish a corresponding stage of juvenile crust formation.     

东特提斯板块会聚边缘与岛弧造山作用

本文重点简述了特提斯构造域内古，中，新三个演化阶段的蛇绿混杂岩与岛弧带的时空展布及其沟－弧－盆体系，所识别出的蛇绿混杂岩，洋中脊拉斑玄武岩，大洋沉积物的岛弧带等地质记录，提供了东特提斯早期大洋岩石圈板块运动的有力证据。同时，与岛弧有关的不同时期不同阶段的各种弧前盆地，弧间盆地和弧后贫地成为造山带板块会聚边缘特征的标志。     

Letters to the Editor

The considerable gold resource potential in China has been increasingly recognized in recent years, following detailed geological investigation of the major orogenic belts since the 1980s. The major tectonic components of China include the Sino-Korean, Yangtze, Tarim, and Cathaysian Precambrian platforms surrounded by the Altaides, Tianshan-Inner Mongolia, Daxinganling, Alkin, Kunlun, Qilian, Qinling, Himalaya-Tethys, and Nanling orogenic belts. A large number of gold deposits and geochemical anomalies have been discovered in all of these lithotectonic provinces. The most important deposit types are Precambrian lode, Carlin-type, ophiolite-related, porphyry-related, volcanic epithermal, and possible Muruntau-type gold deposits, occurring mainly in seven major metallogenic districts in eastern and southwestern China. Many lithotectonic belts provide favorable locations for the formation of various large gold deposits and are comparable with other productive gold provinces of the world, such as the Canadian Shield and Circum-Pacific magmatic arcs. The geochemical anomalies and many existing gold deposits and metallogenic belts in China require additional detailed study on the basis of modern exploration technologies.     

俄罗斯-蒙古地学断面地壳模型的地质-地球物理资料综合研究

地学断面是指地壳的垂直剖面,主要通过对地质和地球物理资料的综合分析来揭示构造带的性质及其空间关系。横断面的研究所采用的数据基本包括100 km宽区域地质图、上地壳的地质剖面图、重磁图(沿横断面的重磁剖面图)以及地壳的地震波速度、密度和其他地球物理属性的剖面图。这些数据被用于构建综合的数据剖面图(结果图),以展示各种地球动力学条件下(裂谷、海洋、碰撞带、造山盆地、大陆地台和岩浆弧,包括安第斯岛弧、活动大陆边缘、海沟、弧前和弧后盆地)的特定的岩石组构。本项目的研究目标是根据研究区现存的地质和地球物理数据的综合解释,统一图例,建立研究区深部剖面,以确定地体的空间关系及其在板块构造方面的地球动力学性质。 前人已分别对东西伯利亚南部和蒙古境内的多个地体进行了构造划分,并对它们的地球动力学性质和时空关系进行了分析。研究结果显示该系列地体为早古生代、中晚古生代和晚古生代—早中生代的岛弧和微大陆。此外,研究还识别出了中—晚古生代和晚古生代—早中生代安第斯型活动大陆边缘、晚古生代—早中生代被动大陆边缘和早白垩世裂谷。与岛弧和安第斯型活动大陆边缘相关的岩体被推覆至相邻大陆和微陆块上,部分推覆宽度可达150 km。目前已开展泥盆纪到晚侏罗世时期蒙古-鄂霍次克海地区的古地球动力学重建。 “非地槽”型花岗岩类岩浆作用在板块构造方面找到了直接且合理的解释,其中泥盆纪—石炭纪和二叠纪—三叠纪岩浆作用区域对应于安第斯型活动大陆边缘,中—晚侏罗世岩浆作用则与西伯利亚/蒙古-中国大陆板块碰撞有关。碰撞岩浆作用中亚碱性(地幔)元素的存在及其所在的构造区域在很大程度可以说明蒙古-鄂霍次克海闭合后,巨厚大陆岩石圈下曾经发生过持续的大洋裂谷活动(地幔热点)。在早白垩世时期,大陆裂谷活动影响到了同一时期正在发生的大陆汇聚作用。 西伯利亚南部边界大部分具有安第斯型活动大陆边缘性质,这也是蒙古—鄂霍次克缝合线沿线蛇绿岩数量较少的原因。因为当汇聚大陆一个具有安第斯类型的活动边缘,而另一个具有被动边缘时,前者的大陆地壳会最终逆冲到后者之上,并因此破坏掉先前出露的蛇绿杂岩体。部分被破坏的蛇绿岩块是俯冲带保留下来的海山残余,其可能成为增生-俯冲楔体的混沌复合体的一部分。然而,由于快速俯冲作用,这种楔形体在晚二叠世—早侏罗世的积累并不是西伯利亚活动边缘的典型特征。 沿地学断面综合的地质和地球物理资料分析表明,亚洲大陆是在显生宙时期由部分前寒武纪微陆块构造拼贴而成的。前寒武纪地块间存在不同宽度的已变形且剥蚀强烈的显生宙火山弧,它们也被归类为特定地体。     

Different levels of ensimatic island-arc accretion

The possible scenarios of accretion of ancient ensimatic island arcs in the eastern and western frameworks of the Pacific Ocean are discussed. It is concluded that the accretion of ensimatic island arcs can occur at both the lithospheric and crustal (upper crustal) levels. In the case of lithospheric accretion, the subduction zone is jammed and the island-arc edifice is attached to the continent. During crustal-level accretion, the subduction of the lithosphere that underlies the island arc can develop further, thereby leading to the formation of a suprasubduction volcanic-plutonic belt at the continental margin.     

Tectonics and geodynamics of the western Central Asian Fold Belt (Kazakhstan Paleozoides)

On the basis of stratigraphical and geological data, paleogeographical and palinspastic reconstructions of the Kazakhstan Paleozoides were done; their multistage geodynamic evolution was considered; their tectonic zoning was proposed. The main stages are described: the initiation of the Cambrian and Ordovician island arcs; the development of the Kazakhstan accretionary–collisional composite continent in the Late Ordovician as a result of continental subduction and the amalgamation of Gondwana blocks with the island arcs (a long granitoid collisional belt also formed in this period); the development of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian active margins of the composite continent and its tectonic destruction in the Late Paleozoic.In the Late Ordovician, compensated terrigenous and volcanosedimentary complexes formed within Kazakhstania and developed in the Silurian. The Sakmarian, Tagil, Eastern Urals, and Stepnyak volcanic arcs formed at the boundaries with the Ural, Turkestan, and Junggar–Balkhash Oceans. In the late Silurian, Kazakhstania collided with the island arcs of the Turkestan and Ob'–Zaisan Oceans, with the formation of molasse and granite belts in the northern Tien Shan and Chingiz. This was followed by the development of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian active margins of the composite continent and the inland formation of the Early Devonian rift-related volcanosedimentary rocks, Middle–Late Devonian volcanic molasse, Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous rift-related volcanosedimentary rocks, terrigenous–carbonate shelf sediments, and carbonaceous lake–bog sediments, and the Middle–Late Carboniferous clastic rocks of closed basins. In the Permian, plume magmatism took place on the southern margin of the Kazakhstan composite continent. It was simultaneous with the formation of red-colored molasse and the tectonic destruction of the Kazakhstan Paleozoides as a result of a collision between the East European and Kazakhstan–Baikal continents.     

滇西北云岭陆缘弧大地构造单元的划分与特征

为进一步查明滇西北云岭陆缘弧的地质构造特征,经实地调研与资料收集整理,将该区划分为6个四级大地构造单元.即：雪龙山岩群（Pt₁Xl）、德钦断块（Pz₁）、攀天阁酸性火山岩浆弧（T₂）、工农弧间盆地（T₂）、崔依比中基性火山岩浆弧（T_1-2）、鲁甸火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩（T）.前2个单元属岛弧基底,后4个单元属岛弧主体.各单元的岩石组合、变形变质特征有明显差异.岛弧主体形成于早三叠世-晚三叠世早期,是金沙江洋盆向西俯冲消减、碰撞造山的产物.岛弧主体之上被上三叠统角度不整合覆盖.     

Tectonic types of marginal and inner seas; their place in the development of the crust

Inner and marginal deep seas are of considerable interest not only for their genesis but also as “micromodels” of oceans. In the latter case it must be noted that some of them essentially differ from oceans in several parameters. They have a shorter period of development, thicker sedimentary cover, less distinct linear magnetic anomalies or an absence of them, high heat-flow values and seismic activity over their whole area. Consequently, the analogy with the oceans has certain limitations as the deep structure of such seas is not homogeneous and they probably vary in genesis.

Only a few marginal seas are cut off from the principal areas of the oceans by island arcs formed, most probably, along transform faults. The origin of this type is more or less reliably demonstrated for the Bering Sea. Other types of marginal seas are more numerous. Some of them (such as the Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of California) are embryonic apophyses connected with the oceans. Others are atrophied (the Tasman and the Labrador seas) small oceans. The group of marginal and inner seas which lie in the inside zone of mature or young island arcs is even more numerous. Only a few basins of this group resulted from linear spreading imprinted in the system of magnetic anomalies (the Shikoku-Parese-Vela basin), the rest are supposed to have been formed in the process of diffusal or polyaxial spreading of recent time as in Afar.

The majority of inner and marginal seas are younger than recent oceans. They are formed by rifting, oriented crosswise to continental margins of the Atlantic type or along the strike of margins of Andean type. More ancient basins of marginal and inner seas have been involved in Phanerozoic orogens or more rarely became parts of platforms (Ciscaspian syneclise).     

大兴安岭地区古生代构造格架重建:来自俯冲增生杂岩研究进展

大兴安岭地区古生代处于古亚洲洋闭合阶段,其间发育众多的弧盆系和蛇绿岩带,笔者等在大兴安岭地区1: 1 000 000地质编图和野外地质调研基础上,应用“洋板块地质”学术思想在大兴安岭地区元古宙、古生代地质体中划分出一系列“俯冲增生杂岩”、地块基底残块、岛弧、弧前盆地、弧后盆地等构造单元,结合陆(地)块和岩浆弧、弧前盆地、弧后盆地和“俯冲增生杂岩”的时空展布,划分出9条俯冲增生杂岩带,其中新识别出3条俯冲增生杂岩带。俯冲增生杂岩带主要分布于兴蒙造山带内部各地块之间和地块与大型岛弧带之间,相当于地块间及地块与岛弧带间的缝合带。依据俯冲增生杂岩带两侧对应的陆(地)块、岛弧带等构造级别,归并出5条结合带。俯冲增生杂岩带的展布方向以北东向为主,时代自北向南依次变新,从早奥陶世演化到中—晚二叠世,暗示古亚洲洋洋盆向大兴安岭地区陆(地)块俯冲作用最早发生在北部额尔古纳一带,逐渐向南后撤,不断形成新的洋壳和产生俯冲增生作用,相应的活动陆缘从北部额尔古纳地块向南逐渐增生,配套弧盆系时代也逐渐向南变新。早—中三叠世至西拉木伦一带发生陆-陆拼贴,完成华北板块与西伯利亚板块的对接。通过对大兴安岭地区古生代“俯冲增生杂岩”的研究,重建了大兴安岭地区古生代构造格架,提高了古亚洲洋东段洋-陆转换的研究程度。     

内蒙古中西部多岛海构造演化

内蒙古中西部大陆由一个微大陆、三条弧后盆地和三条火山岛弧,即华北微大陆、白云鄂 傅弧后盆地、白乃庙火山岛弧、温都尔庙弧后盆地、苏尼特左－锡林浩特火山岛弧、贺根山弧后盆 地和二连浩特－锡林郭勒火山岛弧组成。经过了长期而复杂的微大陆和火山弧的裂解、弧后盆地 的消减衰亡及弧－陆和弧－弧碰拉等构造演化,才最终形成今天所见到的这种构造样式。     

埃达克岩与构造环境

埃达克岩是目前国内学术界争论的焦点之一。埃达克岩的原始定义指的是形成于岛弧环境的高铝高锶而贫重稀土的一类中酸性岩浆岩,而众多事实表明埃达克岩并非都形成在岛弧环境,底侵玄武岩以及下地壳熔融也可以形成埃达克岩。作者认为,岩石命名是一种描述性的表述,不应当与其成因及其形成的构造环境联系起来,实际上,也没有一种岩石固定只形成在一种构造环境。埃达克岩的定义指的是一系列地球化学指标,“年轻的板片熔融”是对Adak岛的埃达克岩的一种解释,并非埃达克岩定义的一部分。