南极普里兹湾附近73°E断面水文结构及多年变化

根据 2 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 0和 1999年中国南极考察和 1992年澳大利亚南极考察资料 ,分析了普里兹湾 73°E断面水团与地转流的结构及其多年变化 :(1)该断面上水团主要有南极表层水、绕极深层水、南极底层水和陆架水 ;(2 )南极表层水 1999,2 0 0 0年向北扩展最强 ,2 0 0 2年向北扩展最弱 ,绕极深层水 2 0 0 2年向南扩展也较强 ,1999和 1992年绕极深层水向南扩展较弱 ,南极底层水 ,位温在 - 0 .3～- 0 .4℃ ,盐度在 34.6 6左右 ,主要是本地形成 ,而 1992年高盐底层水可能来源于其他原因 ;(3)该海域深层水呈显著的升温 ,增暖率约为 0 .0 0 7～ 0 .0 0 8℃ /a;(4 )南极陆坡锋的强度和位置 ,与南极表层水的北向扩展和绕极深层水的变化一致 ;(5 ) 6 2°S～ 6 6°S是绕极流的南缘 ,东向流深度可达 2 0 0 0 m,最大流速中心在 6 4.5°S附近 ,2 0 0 0年北移至 6 3.5°S附近 ,最大流速为 3～ 5 cm/s;陆架上 6 8°S附近主要为流速 1cm /s左右的西向流。     

130—70ka全球冰量波动,北大西洋冰携事件和深海循环变化

岩心ＮＥＡＰ１８Ｋ（５２°４６′Ｎ ,３０°２１′Ｗ,水深３２７５ｍ）是从Ｃｈａｒｌｉｅ＿Ｇｉｂｂｓ断裂带获得的。该断裂带位于向西流出冰岛盆地的北大西洋深水主体内部。岩心中浅成底栖有孔虫Ｃｏｂｉｃｉｄｏｉｄｅｓｗｕｅｌｌｅｒｓｔｏｒｆｉ和浮游有孔虫Ｇｌｏｂｉｇｅｒｉｎａｂｕｌｌｏｉｄｅｓ的δ１８Ｏ和δ１３Ｃ组成变化已达到了１～２ｃｍ的分辨率。该岩心的冰携物历史是通过大于１５０μｍ沉积物组分中的大量有关冰携碎屑颗粒的变化重建的。作为ＣａＣＯ３ 百分比指标的沉积物亮度是用分光光度计在岩心下部以１ｃｍ为…     

中－晚第四纪东太平洋隆起区（南纬21°）古海洋条件

中－晚第四纪东太平洋隆起区（南纬２１°）古海洋条件Ｅ．Ｂ．等本文根据微古和氧同位素资料对东太平洋海隆２１°区中－上第四系含金属碳酸盐沉积物进行了详细的气候地层划分，计算了平均沉积速率，恢复了表层水温的变化；并根据最敏感的指示剂——有孔虫碎屑含量计算了...     

YSDP102钻孔有孔虫动物群与南黄海东南部古水文重建

所研究的YSDP1 0 2钻孔岩心 (33°49.496′N ,1 2 5°45.0 0 9′E)是由韩国能源研究所和中国国土资源部海洋地质研究所于 1 995年 8月联合取自南黄海东南部水深 62m的巨厚泥质沉积区内 ,岩心长 60 65m。通过对岩心沉积物中浮游和底栖有孔虫动物群的分析 ,结合相应的AMS1 4 C测年数据 ,对黄海暖流及与其相伴生的南黄海东南部冷水体的形成及演化进行了初步的探讨。结果表明 ,黄海暖流及与其相伴生的南黄海东南部冷水体形成于距今约640 0日历年前。形成伊始 ,冷水体处于明显的强势状态 ,而暖流的强度却相对较弱 ,这一过程约持续了 2 2 0 0年左右 ,是南黄海东南部巨厚泥质沉积区的主要堆积期。直到距今 42 0 0日历年前后 ,黄海暖流的影响强度开始加强 ,冷水体相对减弱 ,直至达到现代的水文状态。     

IODP 303航次 ——冰盖—大洋大气圈晚新近纪—第四纪千年尺度的相互作用

IODP 30 3航次建议的 5 72 Full3钻探 (4 1°0 0 6 8′～ 5 8°33 2 2 7′N、2 3°0 5 2 5 2′～ 4 8°31 84 2′W ,13个站位 ) ,拟将北大西洋晚新近纪—第四纪气候指数转换为地磁古强度辅助年代 (PAC) ,该年代学基于地磁古强度、稳定同位素和岩屑层状地层的综合研究。建议的站位位于OrphanKnoll外Eirik冰碛 (东南格陵兰 )、南Gardar冰碛和中大西洋“冰筏岩屑 (IRD)带”之上 ,这些站位的平均沉积速率估计在 5～ 5 0cm/ka。利用钻井技术的活塞取心预计可贯穿海底之下 30 0m的深度 ,以便来恢复晚新近纪—第四纪的气候记录 ,对于高分…     

世界大洋表层水中的210Pb

本工作获得了西太平洋,东印度洋和南大西洋15个站位表层水中的溶解态210Pb和颗粒态210Pb的浓度.溶解态210Pb的浓度范围为西太平洋0.71～3.80Bq/m3;东印度洋0.42～2.15Bq/m3;南大西洋0.97～1.78Bq/m3.210Pb最大值3.80Bq/m3是在27°18′N,125°40′E(北太平洋)测得的,而最小值0.42Bq/m3是在远离澳大利亚西岸的25°18′S,111°38′E(东印度洋)测得的.在26°56′S,166°07′E(南太平洋)观测到颗粒态210Pb浓度的最大值0.35Bq/m3,而在东南印度洋颗粒态210Pb的浓度都小于0.03Bq/m3.表层水中溶解态210Pb含量一般呈现出地理性变化,其随纬度的变化与文献报道的结果很相符.     

大洋表层水中~(226)Ra的分布

采用碳酸盐富集－EDTA纯化－Ba（Ra）SO4制源－α计数法，测定了我国第13,14 次南极科学考察期间，从西太平洋、南大西洋和东印度洋采集的 16个表层水样中的226 Ra比活度。测定结果表明，表层水中溶解态226Ra的比活度范围：西太平洋为 0．46──0．95Bq·m－3，平均值为 0．66Bq·m-3；东印度洋为0．5 6──1．2 7 Bq·m-3，平均值为0．81 Bq·m-3；南大西洋为1．17──1．63Bq·m－3，平均值为 1．45 Bq·m－3。还测定了上述海域 5个表层水样中颗粒态226Ra比活度为0.006──0．030Bq·m－3，颗粒态226Ra很低，只占溶解态的1．0％──2．6％，说明226Ra主要以溶解态形式存在于上述洋区。测定结果还表明，52°S以南离南极较近的测站226Ra比活度较高，特别是 60°Ｓ以南的南大洋海域，226Ra比活度更高，与其他作者的测定结果一致。     

南印度洋中国中山站至澳大利亚费里曼特尔断面海洋锋位置及其年际变化

根据中国第18次南极科学考察队2002年1～3月在南印度洋从中山站外普里兹湾到澳大利亚费里曼特尔断面的走航XBT/XCTD资料和CTD资料及1998年1月、1999年2月和2000年3月等其他航次的调查资料,分析了该航线上海洋锋的位置及其年际变化:(1)在75°～78°E南极陆坡锋的位置在645°～655°S;在84°～100°E范围极地锋在535°～543°S附近;在96°～103°E亚南极锋在46°S～470°S附近;在110°E附近亚热带锋在372～380°S之间;(2)在南极极锋区存在显著等温线、等盐线的上凸和下凹,不同年份发生位置有变化;(3)在亚南极锋北侧,等温线、等盐线呈垂直排列的状态,温度、盐度垂直方向上分布均匀一致;(4)与1979,1991和1992年该区域同期的资料相比,近4a观测到的极地锋显著偏南1个纬距以上.     

热带大西洋表层环流及其月变化特征的分析

应用1993年4月至2001年3月的TOPEX/Poseidon卫星高度计遥感资料,分析了8 a平均热带大西洋(15°S～25°N,5°～50°W)表层环流结构的月变化特征.研究结果表明:热带大西洋表层环流中高纬度海区流速较小,赤道附近流速较大,表层环流系统大部分流系月变化不明显,部分流系月际波动较显著.具体来说,西南向的北赤道流下半年的纬向流速分量比上半年大.非洲沿岸流在5～11月流向为东北向,在其他月份主要为东南向.北赤道逆流可以分成两部分:25°W以东海区,北赤道逆流常年流向向东,到9月份前后流速达到最大值(约0.25 cm/s);25°W以西海区,7月至翌年1月流向向东,2～6月北赤道逆流减小,并有西向流产生.2°S～2°N,15°W以东海区的南赤道流在1～3月、9～10月流向向东,其他月份流向向西.南赤道流可认为是由南、北两支西向的海流构成,这两支海流的流轴分别位于6°S和1°N,在6～7月北支流速达到最大值0.6 m/s.南美洲纳塔耳东部西北向的北巴西海流流速月际变化不大,在5～6月份流速达到最大值0.3～0.4 m/s.相应的卫星风场遥感资料的分析表明热带大西洋表层环流结构的月变化特征与风场的分布及变化有较好的对应关系.用World Ocean Atlas 2001的月平均温盐数据反演出来的表层地转流场以及卫星跟踪ARGOS漂流浮标观测进行的对比验证表明,上述遥感分析的地转流场结果与水文数据以及海上观测结果一致.     

南大西洋海面风场时空特征分析

本文根据 1950 年~1995 年共 46a 的南大西洋船舶气象报资料,按 1°×1°和 5°×5°网格统计的海面风进行分析研究。通过分析每月各要素的等值线分布图,得出南大西洋海面风场季节变化不如北大西洋显著,但仍有较明显的季节变化,冬季比夏季强盛,相应的平均风速较大,6、8 级大风频率也较高。位于赤道和 25°S 之间的信风区,主要盛行东南风;副热带高压带,风速小,风向变化不定;35°S 以南的西风带风力较强。对这些规律的总结归纳,为该地区的各种活动提供了较为翔实的海面风场变化规律。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.     

The stages of the development of the basin of the Bransfield Strait

The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years.     

Influence of the dynamics of currents on the hydrophysical structure of the waters and the vertical exchange in the active layer of the Black Sea

An analysis of the data of measurements of the fine structure and microstructure fluctuations of hydrophysical fields in the upper 200-m layer of the Black Sea carried out using CTD profilers and a Baklan free falling microstructure and turbulence profiler revealed the existence of a positive correlation between the intensity of the fine structure and microstructure fluctuations and the dynamics of the currents. On the other hand, the level of the fine structure and microstructure fluctuations reflects the rate of the vertical turbulent exchange. It was shown that, in the case of the absence of the Black Sea Rim Current (BSRC) jet or clearly manifested mesoscale eddy structures, the vertical turbulent exchange in the pycnocline is weak, while, in the opposite case, it is stronger. The results obtained support the supposition that the interbasin dynamics play an important role in the maintenance of the rate of small-scale mixing in the pycnocline and halocline and provide the vertical transport of dissolved oxygen from the cold intermediate layer into the deeper layers of the sea.