基于ADF4360-7的宽频带频率合成器设计

介绍了一种采用锁相环技术(PLL)产生高稳定度正弦信号的宽频带频率合成器方案,在该系统中采用锁相环频率合成器芯片ADF4360-7设计锁相环电路.简要分析了该芯片的工作原理,并给出了频率合成器的电路参数.通过该系统实现的宽频带本振信号的输出频率范围达到500 MHz～1 GHz.     

时间频率信号判别器的研制

本文叙述了对由频率源分频钟组成的时间频率系统的工作状态进行实时监测判别的方法以及该设备的工作原理。     

一种用于氢脉泽自支调谐的高稳锁相接收系统

本介绍了一种高稳定锁相接收系统，这种系统不仅整体合一、体积小、而且性能优良、可靠性高，为氢频标的工种化、商品化提供了条件。它可以提高氢脉泽频标的长期频率稳定度，对影响氢脉泽频标中短期频率稳定度的旧的电子系统也有所改善。章详细介绍该系统的工作原理、设计原则和各项技术指标，并对环路的性能进行了分析，最后给出了该系统的实测应用结果。     

基于ADF4360-8的锁相环频率合成器的设计与实现

为满足工程需要,设计并实现了一种基于锁相环芯片ADF4360-8的低噪声高稳定度频率合成器.给出了该频率合成器的设计原理、硬件组成、软件设计及其实现方法与流程.重点介绍了一些主要芯片和关键电路.该锁相环频率合成器输出的100 MHz较高频周期信号的峰-峰值达到2.16V,能直接驱动TTL电路.测试结果表明该频率合成器输出的频率信号稳定,噪声低,幅度大.     

基于ROACH的Zoom-PFB设计与实现

简述了基于ROACH和Xilinx System Generator平台的接收机数字后端系统的设计与实现。介绍了Zoom-PFB算法原理,讨论了该算法的核心部分低通滤波和抽取的现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)实现。针对谱线观测局部高精度分辨率的需要,给出了将400 MHz带宽分为带宽25 MHz的16个通道,对其中任一通道做通道数为6 k、频率分辨率为4 k Hz的频谱细化系统的具体设计方案。在实验室条件下,对该数字后端的性能进行了分析和测试,并以4.5 m口径X/Y结构天线进行银道面中性氢谱线观测检验其应用效果,验证了方案的可行性。     

时频系统中主备钟一致性保持方法的研究1

为保证主、备钟切换时时间信号的准确性和稳定性,开展了主、备钟一致性保持方法的研究。搭建了进行主、备钟一致性保持的实验系统,阐述了系统的原理,分析了不同钟差预测模型的效果,给出了计算备份钟频率补偿量的公式,测试了系统在不同控制周期下的同步水平。测试结果表明：采用本系统的主、备钟一致性保持方法,能够实现主、备钟间的最大时间偏差小于1 ns的指标,同时提高了备份钟的长期频率稳定度。     

一种铷原子钟双钟热备相位无扰切换系统的设计

为了满足时间统一系统中主钟与备份钟的时间、频率信号在切换时的连续性要求,提出并实现了一种铷原子钟双钟热备相位无扰切换系统的技术方案,阐述了双钟间频率与相位同步和信号无扰切换的方案原理,给出了系统组成与主要控制程序的框图及测试结果。采用本方案可使主钟与备份钟输出信号的时差小于±0．55ns,并实现了信号的无扰切换,满足了工程应用的要求。     

高精度原子钟频率稳定度测试系统的软件设计

结合高精度原子钟频率稳定度测试系统的工作原理，介绍了测试系统的软件设计。基于软件的需求分析，运用对象模型方法，重点分析了系统的框架结构、自动测试流程和数据处理及其算法。实验结果证明，该软件可以实现测试过程的稳定和自动化。     

法国高层大气所空间综合孔径项目研究进展

概述了法国高层大气所空间综合孔径项目背景、科学目标以及有效载荷,介绍了该项目演示系统的基本工作原理,探讨了该演示系统的望远子系统、指向子系统、共相子系统和成像子系统,并分别给出了该演示系统在非共相控制和共相控制情况下对半导体激光器和白光点光源的成像结果,实验结果表明演示系统不同独立望远镜之间已经基本实现了共相成像。最后对该演示系统进行了总结,并指出该系统可以进一步优化之处。该演示系统对我国综合孔径成像实验研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

带有小数补偿的低频数控振荡器及其基于FPGA的实现

在分析数控振荡器（NCO）工作原理的基础上,以低频信号为例,研究了影响NCO性能的几个因素。结合杂散特性,着重讨论了频率控制字误差对输出频率带来的影响,提出在相位累加器中加入小数部分补偿,以使降低信号频率门限值和提高输出的准确性。最后采用FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）实现了带有小数补偿的NCO,在兼顾硬件资源的同时优化了系统性能,另外通过仿真验证了这种方法的可行性。     

A Laser Frequency Comb System for Absolute Calibration of the VTT Echelle Spectrograph

A wavelength calibration system based on a laser frequency comb (LFC) was developed in a co-operation between the Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik, Freiburg, Germany and the Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany for permanent installation at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) on Tenerife, Canary Islands. The system was installed successfully in October 2011. By simultaneously recording the spectra from the Sun and the LFC, for each exposure a calibration curve can be derived from the known frequencies of the comb modes that is suitable for absolute calibration at the meters per second level. We briefly summarize some topics in solar physics that benefit from absolute spectroscopy and point out the advantages of LFC compared to traditional calibration techniques. We also sketch the basic setup of the VTT calibration system and its integration with the existing echelle spectrograph.     

Bandpass calibration of a wideband spectrometer using coherent pulse injection

We present a relatively simple time domain method for determining the bandpass response of a system by injecting a nanosecond pulse and capturing the system voltage output. A pulse of sub-nanosecond duration contains all frequency components with nearly constant amplitude up to 1 GHz. Hence, this method can accurately determine the system bandpass response to a broadband signal. In a novel variation on this impulse response method, a train of pulses is coherently accumulated providing precision calibration with a simple system. The basic concept is demonstrated using a pulse generator-accumulator setup realised in a Bedlam board which is a high speed digital signal processing unit. The same system was used at the Parkes radio telescope between 2–13 October 2013 and we demonstrate its powerful diagnostic capability. We also present some initial test data from this experiment.     

PHOENIX-2: A New Broadband Spectrometer for Deci- metric and Microwave Radio Bursts – First Results

A broadband radio spectrometer has been put into operation at Bleien, Switzerland, to register the flare emission of the full Sun. In the frequency range of operation, 0.1 to 4.0 GHz, both modes of circular polarization are recorded continuously. The new system, Phoenix-2, has been developed from the experience with the previous Phoenix spectrometer. Improved, computer-controlled focal hardware allows now a complete daily calibration, a more sophisticated calibration procedure, and monitoring of all essential instrumental and environmental parameters. Calibrated data are now usually available the day after observation and are accessible through the Internet. The scientific improvements include a larger frequency range of observation, a larger number of completely recorded events due to full-day registration, more accurate measurements, particularly in circular polarization, and more reliable operation. First observations are presented and quantitative results comparing the calibration with single frequency instruments are reported. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005194314845     

Optical Frequency Comb as a general-purpose and wide-band calibration source for astronomical high resolution infrared spectrographs

A spectrally filtered Optical Frequency Comb (OFC) laser is proposed as a versatile calibration source for astronomical spectrometers in the 1?C2 ??m spectral range. Such a source overcomes the limitations of current calibration lamps providing a uniform spectrum of equally spaced lines with similar intensity and extremely high long-term frequency stability. We present preliminary studies and results of a system which filters the OFC from a 100 MHz comb spacing to 16 GHz one, an adequate spacing for spectrometers with resolving power ????/???>30000. The first approach employs two Fabry-Perot cavities in series, made of dielectric coated mirrors, followed by a non-linear optical broadening system. The limitations of such a filtering process are discussed. These can be overcome by the second approach, based on filtering cavities with metallic coated mirrors.     

基于1Mcps/s码速率的亚欧卫星双向时间比对性能分析

卫星信道租赁费是目前卫星双向时间传递(Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, TWSTFT)的主要成本之一.在2017年5月以前,参与UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)计算的亚洲-欧洲实验室之间进行Ku波段卫星双向时间频率传递一直使用2.5 Mcps/s码速率,带宽为2.5 MHz的伪随机码.为了在不影响时间频率传递性能的前提下降低成本,在欧亚间首次尝试采用1 Mcps/s码速率,带宽为1.7 MHz的伪随机码,进行亚欧卫星双向时间传递.并使用已校准的GPS PPP (Global Position System Precise Point Positioning)链路为双向链路进行间接校准.选择2018年12月的TWSTFT链路数据,分析链路性能发现,通过ABS-2A卫星,使用1 Mcps/s码速率构建的卫星双向时间比对链路的日频率稳定度达到10~(-15),时间稳定度优于0.3 ns.与已校准的GPS PPP链路数据进行验证分析,结果表明,使用1 Mcps/s码速率进行超长距离卫星双向时间传递与已校准的GPS PPP时间传递结果一致,与传统手段相比,其系统造价低,时间传递性能可以满足国际原子时计算的需求.     

The improved ARTEMIS IV multichannel solar radio spectrograph of the University of Athens

We present the improved solar radio spectrograph of the University of Athens operating at the Thermopylae Satellite Telecommunication Station. Observations now cover the frequency range from 20 to 650 MHz. The spectrograph has a 7-meter moving parabola fed by a log-periodic antenna for 100–650 MHz and a stationary inverted V fat dipole antenna for the 20–100 MHz range. Two receivers are operating in parallel, one swept frequency for the whole range (10 spectrums/sec, 630 channels/spectrum) and one acousto-optical receiver for the range 270 to 450 MHz (100 spectrums/sec, 128 channels/spectrum). The data acquisition system consists of two PCs (equipped with 12 bit, 225 ksamples/sec ADC, one for each receiver). Sensitivity is about 3 SFU and 30 SFU in the 20–100 MHz and 100–650 MHz range respectively. The daily operation is fully automated: receiving universal time from a GPS, pointing the antenna to the sun, system calibration, starting and stopping the observations at preset times, data acquisition, and archiving on DVD. We can also control the whole system through modem or Internet. The instrument can be used either by itself or in conjunction with other instruments to study the onset and evolution of solar radio bursts and associated interplanetary phenomena.     

埃文斯目视日晕光度计测量原理研究

埃文斯目视日晕光度计（Evans Visual Sky Photometer,EVSP）是应用于日冕仪选址的重要仪器,从20世纪40年代一直使用至今,它为现代日晕光度计的定标提供了参考标准。通过使用云南天文台现存的一架EVSP研究了它的工作原理,并重点介绍了所利用的简易定标方法。给出了国际现有的多台EVSP日晕亮度定标曲线。由于EVSP内部光学元件反射率和透过率,以及中性渐变光楔的光学密度等存在未知的时间缓变特点,因此利用这种新定标手段可以高效经济地获得各自的定标曲线。     

Reduced ambiguity calibration for LOFAR

Interferometric calibration always yields non unique solutions. It is therefore essential to remove these ambiguities before the solutions could be used in any further modeling of the sky, the instrument or propagation effects such as the ionosphere. We present a method for LOFAR calibration which does not yield a unitary ambiguity, especially under ionospheric distortions. We also present exact ambiguities we get in our solutions, in closed form. Casting this as an optimization problem, we also present conditions for this approach to work. The proposed method enables us to use the solutions obtained via calibration for further modeling of instrumental and propagation effects. We provide extensive simulation results on the performance of our method. Moreover, we also give cases where due to degeneracy, this method fails to perform as expected and in such cases, we suggest exploiting diversity in time, space and frequency.     

时间比对融合算法分析与比较

为提升高精度时间比对的可靠性, 结合卫星双向时间比对(Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, TWSTFT)和GPS精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning, PPP)时间比对长短稳特性, 利用稳定度加权、Vondrák-\vCepek组合滤波以及 Kalman滤波融合方法对中国科学院国家授时中心(National Time Service Center, NTSC)和德国物理技术研究院(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, PTB)间的TW-STFT和GPS PPP时间比对结果进行了融合处理并对3者进行了比较分析. 结果表明, 3种融合算法对于TWSTFT中的周日效应以及GPS PPP结果的``天跳''现象都有不同程度的改善, 融合结果与GPS PPP链路差值(Double Clock Difference, DCD)结果的绝对值保持在链路校准的不确定度范围内. 3者1d的时间和频率稳定度可以达到亚纳秒和10^-15量级, Vondrák-\vCepek融合方法1d以内的稳定度最高, 适用于对短稳要求高的时间比对链路的融合. 稳定度加权、Kalman滤波融合保真度较好, 适用于对准确度要求高的时间比对链路融合.     

用GPS校准计算机系统时间

文章介绍了一种计算机时间校正系统,该系统利用GPS提供标准时间,采用UNIX C作为编程语言,具有良好的兼容性,可移植性,可以方便地用于计算机系统时间的校正。