郯庐断裂带赤山段晚更新世以来的活动性

郯庐断裂带赤山段出露于安徽北部泗县境内,在地震地质填图中,经过槽探揭露、断层陡坎和断错冲沟等微地貌测量、年代样品的采集与测定,获得断层最新活动时代、活动方式、垂直和水平位移量等方面的半定量-定量化参数,表明了它在晚更新世以来的活动特征。     

礼县-罗家堡断裂带宕昌-黄咀段全新世活动的地貌证据

普遍认为礼县-罗家堡断裂带是一条晚第四纪活动断裂,是1654年天水南8级大地震的发震构造。但该断裂带西段宕昌-黄咀段的活动证据一直以来不是很明确。笔者在进行某项目近场地质调查中,发现一些该断裂段的最新地貌活动证据,认为该断裂段在全新世有过明显活动。     

安宁河断裂带北段晚更新世以来的分段活动特征

本文据断裂带的断层几何形态、组合型式、断错地貌及地震活动资料,讨论了安宁河断裂带北段(西昌-石棉田湾段)在晚更新世以来的活动性状。根据该段活动程度的差异,从南至北将其分为三个活动段,即西昌-冕宁段;冕宁-紫马垮段;紫马垮-田湾段。上述三个活动段除南段具备发生大震背景外,中段和北段分别具有发生强震和中强震的背景。根据断层泥中石英碎屑表面扪描电子显微(SEM)结构特征,讨论了安宁河断裂带北段的运动性质,指出西昌-紫马垮段具粘滑运动方式;紫马垮-麂子坪段具粘滑、蠕滑兼有的运动方式;麂子坪以北至田湾段具以蠕滑为主的运动方式。     

晚更新世末期仙女山断裂带和天阳坪断裂带活动的最新证据

依据野外槽探实测的仙女山断裂带和和天阳坪断裂带的地质剖面，通过研究断层堆积与构造岩，新老构造岩变形，断层破裂有其几何特征，断层充填物采样年代鉴定等，获得了两断裂带晚更新世末期活动和古地震的最新证据。     

青藏高原北部金沙江、澜沧江缝合线晚第四纪的活动性

前言经中外地学工作者多年的研究,青藏高原形成的过程现已经比较清楚。目前比较普遍的看法是青藏高原是由多个小板块碰撞增生而成的。主要的缝合线有祁连山、昆仑山、金沙江、澜沧江缝合线和班公错-怒江、雅鲁藏布江等6条。并且,各缝合线的形成先后顺序有从北向南由老变新的特点。然而,由于客观上的困难及工作任务所限,对这几条缝合线晚第四纪活动研究程度差别很大。除祁连山和昆仑山两条缝合线的晚第四纪活动有过不同程度的研究报道之外,其它4条缝合线晚第四纪新活动均只     

中卫—同心断裂带西段晚第四纪以来的活动性

中卫—同心断裂带西段位于宁夏中卫县甘塘附近,在近期的某重大工程场地的区域地震地质野外调查中,经过断层陡坎和断错冲沟等微地貌测量、槽探揭露、年代样品的采集和测定,获得了断层最新活动时代、活动方式、垂直和水平位移量等资料,表明了它在晚第四纪以来的活动特征。     

滇藏铁路沿线重要活动断裂带晚第四纪活动性初步研究

滇藏铁路位于青藏高原东南缘板块碰撞和构造活跃的地形急变带,沿线活动断裂发育,地震频发,地震烈度强,且地质灾害频繁,其规划施工建设和长期运营面临的地质安全风险问题严峻。滇藏铁路香格里拉—波密段沿线发育了哈巴—玉龙雪山东麓断裂带、中甸—龙蟠断裂带、德钦—中甸—大具断裂带、维西—乔后断裂带、金沙江断裂带、巴塘断裂带、澜沧江断裂带、怒江断裂带、边坝—洛隆断裂带、嘉黎—察隅断裂带等10余条活动断裂带。受断裂黏滑位错、蠕滑变形和引发强震风险的突出影响,迫切需要厘定区域活动断裂带的几何展布和活动性。基于前人资料、遥感解译和野外调查,本文总结分析了沿线10余条活动断裂带的几何展布、运动性质、滑动速率和古地震历史等,以期为滇藏铁路等国家重大工程规划建设与安全运营提供基础资料。     

西藏东南部嘉黎断裂新知

野外调查表明 ,西藏东南部的嘉黎断裂带从那曲到嘉黎由三段呈雁行排列 ,大致沿N60°W方向延伸 ,其东南段在波密附近向南转折 ,沿贡日嘎布曲向南南东过上察隅和下察隅后转为近南北向延入缅甸境内与什阶断裂相连。嘉黎断层全新世以来活动性不强 ,其第四纪以来的平均滑动速率约为 4mm/a。一个有趣的现象是 ,虽然总体上嘉黎断裂的新活动不强 ,但在局部与张性盆地相邻的地段表现出较强的活动性 ,在这些段上沿断裂发育晚第四纪地表破裂 ,横跨断层的冲沟和河流被错断 ,其晚第四纪以来的平均滑动速率达到 15mm/a。但是这种现象的存在只局限在盆地中 ,盆地以外则截然终止 ,不复存在。从上述事实看 ,嘉黎断裂的走滑活动似乎是伴随张性活动而产生的 ,在断层几何和活动特征上类似于横切大洋中脊的转换断     

THE NEW ACTIVITY OF TAN-LU FAULT ZONE IN SEGMENT OF DAHONGSHAN SINCE LATE QUATERNARY

The relationship between the latest activity of active fault and seismic events is of the utmost importance. The Tan-lu fault zone in eastern China is a major fault zone, of which the active characteristics of the segments in Jiangsu, Shandong and Anhui has been the focus of research. This study takes the Dahongshan segment of the Tanlu Fault in Sihong County as the main research area. We carried out a detailed geological survey and excavated two trenches across the steep slope on the southwest side of the Dahongshan. Each trench shows fault clearly. Combining the comparative analysis of previous work, we identified and cataloged the late Quaternary deformation events and prehistoric earthquake relics, and analyzed the activity stages and behavior of this segment. Fault gonge observed in the trench profiles shows that multiple earthquake events occurred in the fault. The faulting dislocated the Neogene sandstone, black gravel layer and gray clay layer. Brown clay layer is not broken. According to the relations of dislocated stratums, corresponding ¹⁴C and OSL samples were collected and dated. The result indicates that the Dahongshan segment of the Tanlu Fault has experienced strong earthquakes since the late Quaternary. Thrust fault, normal fault and strike-slip fault are found in the trenches. The microscopic analysis of slices from fault shows that there are many stick-creep events taking place in the area during the late Quaternary. Comprehensive analysis shows that there have been many paleoearthquakes in this region since the late Quaternary, the recent active time is the late Pleistocene, and the most recent earthquake event occurred in(12~2.5ka BP). The neotectonic activity is relatively weak in the Anhui segment(south of the Huaihe River)of Tanlu fault zone. There are difficulties in the study of late Quaternary activity. For example, uneven distribution of the Quaternary, complex geological structure, larger man-made transformation of surface and so on. The progressive research may be able to promote the study on the activity of the Anhui segment of Tanlu fault zone.     

青藏高原地震活动及其构造背景

青藏高原是大陆范围内地质作用最活跃的地区。十分强烈的地震活动，清楚显示了以大区域构造为背景的整体性活动特征。在青藏高原的大地构造格局中来研究地震活动和震源性质的变化规律，是认识高原构造活动状态、规律、起因的重要部分。为此，本文综述了近些年该地区地震活动、震源性质、速度结构、地质构造及高原隆起机理的研究。     

FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN SEGMENT OF THE EASTERN BRANCH OF XINYI-LIANJIANG FAULT ZONE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

The NE-trending Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone is a tectonic belt, located in the interior of the Yunkai uplift in the west of Guangdong Province, clamping the Lianjiang synclinorium and consisting of the eastern branch and the western branch. The southwestern segment of the eastern branch of Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone, about 34km long, extends from the north of Guanqiao, through Lianjiang, to the north of Hengshan. However, it is still unclear about whether the segment extends to Jiuzhoujiang alluvial plain or not, which is in the southwest of Hengshan. If it does, what is about its fault activity? According to ‘Catalogue of the Modern Earthquakes of China’, two moderately strong earthquakes with magnitude 6.0 and 6.5 struck the Lianjiang region in 1605 AD. So it is necessary to acquire the knowledge about the activity of the segment fault, which is probably the corresponding seismogenic structure of the two destructive earthquakes. And the study on the fault activity of the segment can boost the research on seismotectonics of moderately strong earthquakes in Southeast China. In order to obtain the understanding of the existence of the buried fault of the southwestern segment, shallow seismic exploration profiles and composite borehole sections have been conducted. The results indicate its existence. Two shallow seismic exploration profiles show that buried depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throw of the buried fault are 60m and 4~7m(L5-1 and L5-2 segment, the Hengshan section), 85m and 5~8m(L5-3 segment), 73m and 3~5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively and all of them suggest the buried fault has offset the base of the Quaternary strata. Two composite borehole sections reveal that the depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throws of the buried segment are about 66m and 7.5m(Hengshan section) and 75m and 5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively. The drilling geological section in Hengshan reveals that the width of the fault could be up to 27m. Chronology data of Quaternary strata in the two drilling sections, obtained by means of electron spin resonance(ESR), suggest that the latest activity age of the buried fault of the southwestern segment is from late of early Pleistocene(Tiantouzai section) to early stage of middle Pleistocene(Hengshan section). Slip rates, obtained by Hengshan section and Tiantouzai section, are 0.1mm/a and 0.013mm/a, respectively. As shown by the fault profile located in a bedrock exposed region in Shajing, there are at least two stages of fault gouge and near-horizontal striation on the fault surface, indicating that the latest activity of the southwestern segment is characterized by strike-slip movement. Chronology data suggest that the age of the gouge formed in the later stage is(348±49) ka.     

临潼-长安断裂带晚第四纪以来的活动性

对临潼-长安断裂带进行了详细的野外调查,以期掌握其最新活动年代和第四纪以来的活动特征。该断裂总体走向NE,以张性垂直运动为主,断面明显错断了黄土中的第1层古土壤S1,说明其晚更新世以来仍在活动,并且北段和中段的活动性比南段强,但是错距大多<2m,滑动速率较小,考虑到临潼-长安断裂带由多条次级断层组成,其整体活动性应该比我们计算得到的局部断层滑动速率大得多。断层错距自上而下成递增趋势,并且根据不同地层年代计算出的滑动速率基本一致,因此该断裂带自中更新世晚期以来极可能以垂向蠕滑活动为主     

ANALYSIS OF THE LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY ALONG THE WENCHUAN-MAOXIAN FAULT -MIDDLE OF THE BACK-RANGE FAULT AT THE LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE

The Longmenshan fault zone is located in eastern margin of Tibetan plateau and bounded on the east by Sichuan Basin, and tectonically the location is very important. It has a deep impact on the topography, geomorphology, geological structure and seismicity of southwestern China. It is primarily composed of multiple parallel thrust faults, namely, from northwest to southeast, the back-range, the central, the front-range and the piedmont hidden faults, respectively. The M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12^th May 2008 ruptured the central and the front-range faults. But the earthquake didn't rupture the back-range fault. This shows that these two faults are both active in Holocene. But until now, we don't know exactly the activity of the back-range fault. The back-range fault consists of the Pingwu-Qingchuan Fault, the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault and the Gengda-Longdong Fault. Through satellite image(Google Earth)interpretation, combining with field investigation, we preliminarily found out that five steps of alluvial platforms or terraces have been developed in Minjiang region along the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault. T₁ and T₂ terraces are more continuous than T₃, T₄ and T₅ terraces. Combining with the previous work, we discuss the formation ages of the terraces and conclude, analyze and summarize the existing researches about the terraces of Minjiang River. We constrain the ages of T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ surfaces to 3~10ka BP,~20ka BP, 40~50ka BP, 60ka BP and 80ka BP, respectively. Combining with geomorphologic structural interpretation, measurements of the cross sections of the terraces by differential GPS and detailed site visits including terraces, gullies and other geologic landforms along the fault, we have reason to consider that the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault was active between the formation age of T₃ and T₂ terrace, but inactive since T₂ terrace formed. Its latest active period should be the middle and late time of late Pleistocene, and there is no activity since the Holocene. Combining with the knowledge that the central and the front-range faults are both Quaternary active faults, the activity of Longmenshan fault zone should have shifted to the central and the front-range faults which are closer to the basin, this indicates that the Longmenshan thrust belt fits the "Piggyback Type" to some extent.     

郯(城)—庐(江)断裂带赤山段晚白垩世晚期以来构造应力场

本文依据对晚白垩世晚期和晚更新世地层中发育的共轭剪节理分析,结合野外地质调查、断层泥显微构造分析以及地应力测量和区域构造应力场演化特征分析,反演了郯一庐断裂带赤山段及近侧地区晚白垩世晚期以来的构造应力场,得到:Ⅰ期,σ_1为近南北向,作用时间自古新世后至晚更新世之前;Ⅱ期,σ_2为北东东—南西西至近东西向,作用时间始于晚更新世后,其影响可能延续至今。两期应力均以水平方式作用为主,且分别与宏、微观构造形迹相对应。     

罐罐岭断裂带最新活动特征

断层的最新活动时代以及分段特征一直在重大工程安全性评价中具有特别重要的意义。在解决黄河黑山峡地震地质问题时,通过对罐罐岭断裂带的航片解译、野外追踪调查、地形地貌测量和古地震槽探资料研究,从而确定了该断裂带的活动时代以及分段特征。该断裂带发育在青藏块体东北缘,是中卫-同心弧形活动构造带的一部分,总体走向近EW,长约60km,分为5条不连续的次级断层,各段成左阶羽列,晚第四纪以来表现出强烈的左旋走滑兼挤压逆冲活动特征。断层错断了一系列山脊、小冲沟和阶地等,发育醒目的断层陡坎。研究发现,罐罐岭断裂最新一次地震破裂发生在距今700～1200a之间,最大同震位移位于罐罐岭附近,全新世以来水平左旋最大错距达6m     

北祁连山东段活动断裂带的分段性研究

根据北祁连山东段活动断裂带１：５万地质填图资料,系统分析了断裂带的几何学特征,位移分布,滑动速率,古地震及历史地震活动在时空上的非均匀性特征,研究了断裂带的破裂分段性。