Analysis of high-frequency multipath in 1-Hz GPS kinematic solutions

High-frequency multipath would be problematic for studies at seismic or antenna dynamical frequencies as one could mistakenly interpret them as signals. A simple procedure to identify high-frequency multipath from global positioning system (GPS) time series records is presented. For this purpose, data from four GPS base stations are analyzed using spectral analyses techniques. Additional data, such as TEQC report files of L1 pseudorange multipath, are also used to analyze the high-frequency multipath and confirmation of the high-frequency multipath inferred from the phase records. Results show that this simple procedure is effective in identification of high-frequency multipath. The inferred information can aid interpretation of multipath at the GPS site, and is important for a number of reasons. For example, the information can be used to study GPS site selections and/or installations.

Assessment of long-range kinematic GPS positioning errors by comparison with airborne laser altimetry and satellite altimetry

Long-range airborne laser altimetry and laser scanning (LIDAR) or airborne gravity surveys in, for example, polar or oceanic areas require airborne kinematic GPS baselines of many hundreds of kilometers in length. In such instances, with the complications of ionospheric biases, it can be a real challenge for traditional differential kinematic GPS software to obtain reasonable solutions. In this paper, we will describe attempts to validate an implementation of the precise point positioning (PPP) technique on an aircraft without the use of a local GPS reference station. We will compare PPP solutions with other conventional GPS solutions, as well as with independent data by comparison of airborne laser data with “ground truth” heights. The comparisons involve two flights: A July 5, 2003, airborne laser flight line across the North Atlantic from Iceland to Scotland, and a May 24, 2004, flight in an area of the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland, near-coincident in time and space with the ICESat satellite laser altimeter. Both of these flights were more than 800 km long. Comparisons between different GPS methods and four different software packages do not suggest a clear preference for any one, with the heights generally showing decimeter-level agreement. For the comparison with the independent ICESat- and LIDAR-derived “ground truth” of ocean or sea-ice heights, the statistics of comparison show a typical fit of around 10 cm RMS in the North Atlantic, and 30 cm in the sea-ice region north of Greenland. Part of the latter 30 cm error is likely due to errors in the airborne LIDAR measurement and calibration, as well as errors in the “ground truth” ocean surfaces due to drifting sea-ice. Nevertheless, the potential of the PPP method for generating 10 cm level kinematic height positioning over long baselines is illustrated.     

GPS在计算导弹脱靶量中的应用研究

将GPS技术应用于导弹靶试脱靶量测量,并对计算过程作了较为详细的分析和探讨。试验证明：利用GPS测定脱靶量,测量精度高,简单易行,可以在靶场逐步试验推广。     

Inverse GPS技术在飞行器定位中应用方案分析

IGPS技术可利用GPS成熟的技术和我国“北斗”系统的关键技术来解决飞行器测控及跟踪的问题。阐述了IGPS系统的工作原理及组成，对系统关键技术的解决进行了讨论，并分析了IGPS技术所能获得的精度等。     

GPS精密单点定位技术在像控测量中的应用

本文在分析了GPS相对定位及其RTK在像控中应用的优缺点后,提出了精密单点定位进行像控测量的方法。通过实例证明这种方案是完全可行的,并得出了一些对生产实际有益的结论。     

Adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in Kalman filter for navigation applications

Kalman filter is the most frequently used algorithm in navigation applications. A conventional Kalman filter (CKF) assumes that the statistics of the system noise are given. As long as the noise characteristics are correctly known, the filter will produce optimal estimates for system states. However, the system noise characteristics are not always exactly known, leading to degradation in filter performance. Under some extreme conditions, incorrectly specified system noise characteristics may even cause instability and divergence. Many researchers have proposed to introduce a fading factor into the Kalman filtering to keep the filter stable. Accordingly various adaptive Kalman filters are developed to estimate the fading factor. However, the estimation of multiple fading factors is a very complicated, and yet still open problem. A new approach to adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in the Kalman filter for navigation applications is presented in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the assumption that, under optimal estimation conditions, the residuals of the Kalman filter are Gaussian white noises with a zero mean. The fading factors are computed and then applied to the predicted covariance matrix, along with the statistical evaluation of the filter residuals using a Chi-square test. The approach is tested using both GPS standalone and integrated GPS/INS navigation systems. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the filter performance and has the ability to restrain the filtering divergence even when system noise attributes are inaccurate.     

GPS跟踪站自动化管理软件简介

本文简单介绍了集成化、自动化的GPS跟踪站系统硬件组成，介绍了自主开发研制的GPS跟踪站自动化管理软件（GTS－AUTO）的功能、特点、应用领域以及自动化GPS跟踪站管理方式的优越性。     

BDS/GPS动态RTK技术在超高层变形监测中的应用

随着我国北斗导航系统的发展,多系统组合在变形监测中的应用将是今后发展的趋势。为了监测超高层的变形趋势,本文利用BDS/GPS组合RTK技术对国内某超高层进行变形监测,经分析发现,BDS/GPS组合相比于单系统卫星可见数目增多,PDOP值减小,卫星空间分布得到改善,变形监测精度以及稳定性相比于单系统有了很大提高,能更精确的监测出超高层的变形趋势。     

GPS/BDS组合实时动态精密单点定位

针对常规模式下。单系统实时精密单点定位精度受接收机环境和可视卫星数量影响严重等问题,研究了GPS/BDS双系统实时精密单点定位,采用非差无电离层组合载波和伪距观测值,详细推论了Kalman滤波参数估计方法的基本原理,并利用其进行参数估计,最后通过IGS站和实测数据进行了实时PPP实验,实验表明:GPS/BDS双系统定位模式较GPS单系统有明显改善,在E、N、U方向收敛后RMS值分别达到0.125 m、0.117 m、0.289 m,较单系统在各方向分别改善了11.9%、18.1%、22.5%。证明了GPS/BDS实时PPP能够达到分米级到厘米级定位精度。     

基于自适应噪声抵消与小波滤波的GPS监测误差分析

对GPS载波相位测量误差进行了理论分析和试验研究。根据噪声特征以及它们对载波相位测量结果的影响,提出了基于自适应噪声抵消与小波滤波相结合的GPS噪声抑止方法。对具有强相关特性的多路径误差采用自适应噪声抵消方法,而对于不相关的高频噪声则通过合理选择小波分解层数对信号进行分解,对作用阈值后的小波系数进行重构,得到最后的变形信号。实测数据分析表明,该方法能有效地削弱多路径效应及测量随机噪声,较用单一方法对GPS数据进行消噪处理有较大的优越性。     

GPS非差相位精密单点定位方法与实现

探讨了精密单点定位的基本原理、处理方法、所涉及的误差改正及数据处理中的一些关键技术;采用直接内插IGS卫星精密星历的方法代替利用IGS跟踪站进行轨道精化方法计算卫星轨道参数,对现有精密单点定位计算方法进行了简化,使之更具有实用性.最后利用自主研发的精密非差单点定位软件计算和分析了实测数据.计算结果表明,经过大约15 min的初始化后,非差相位单历元的定位结果精确度在X,y,Z方向上均优于20 cm.     

航天GPS接收机设计

航天GPS接收机为航天器提供航迹、姿态、时问和相对距离等导航信息，提高航天嚣运行的自主性。文中介绍了清华宇航中。航天GPS接收的硬件和软件设计，给出测试结果和分析。     

GPS非差相位精密单点定位技术探讨

探讨了精密单点定位的基本原理、处理方法、所涉及的误差改正及数据处理中的一些关键技术;采用直接内插IGS卫星精密星历的方法代替利用IGS跟踪站进行轨道精化方法计算卫星轨道参数,对现有精密单点定位计算方法进行了简化,使之更具有实用性。最后利用自主研发的精密非差单点定位软件计算和分析了实测数据。计算结果表明,经过大约15min的初始化后,非差相位单历元的定位结果精确度在X、Y、Z方向上均优于20cm。     

Accurate absolute GPS positioning through satellite clock error estimation

 An algorithm for very accurate absolute positioning through Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite clock estimation has been developed. Using International GPS Service (IGS) precise orbits and measurements, GPS clock errors were estimated at 30-s intervals. Compared to values determined by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the agreement was at the level of about 0.1 ns (3 cm). The clock error estimates were then applied to an absolute positioning algorithm in both static and kinematic modes. For the static case, an IGS station was selected and the coordinates were estimated every 30 s. The estimated absolute position coordinates and the known values had a mean difference of up to 18 cm with standard deviation less than 2 cm. For the kinematic case, data obtained every second from a GPS buoy were tested and the result from the absolute positioning was compared to a differential GPS (DGPS) solution. The mean differences between the coordinates estimated by the two methods are less than 40 cm and the standard deviations are less than 25 cm. It was verified that this poorer standard deviation on 1-s position results is due to the clock error interpolation from 30-s estimates with Selective Availability (SA). After SA was turned off, higher-rate clock error estimates (such as 1 s) could be obtained by a simple interpolation with negligible corruption. Therefore, the proposed absolute positioning technique can be used to within a few centimeters' precision at any rate by estimating 30-s satellite clock errors and interpolating them. Received: 16 May 2000 / Accepted: 23 October 2000     

Unscented Kalman filter with nonlinear dynamic process modeling for GPS navigation

This paper preliminarily investigates the application of unscented Kalman filter (UKF) approach with nonlinear dynamic process modeling for Global positioning system (GPS) navigation processing. Many estimation problems, including the GPS navigation, are actually nonlinear. Although it has been common that additional fictitious process noise can be added to the system model, however, the more suitable cure for non convergence caused by unmodeled states is to correct the model. For the nonlinear estimation problem, alternatives for the classical model-based extended Kalman filter (EKF) can be employed. The UKF is a nonlinear distribution approximation method, which uses a finite number of sigma points to propagate the probability of state distribution through the nonlinear dynamics of system. The UKF exhibits superior performance when compared with EKF since the series approximations in the EKF algorithm can lead to poor representations of the nonlinear functions and probability distributions of interest. GPS navigation processing using the proposed approach will be conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The performance of the UKF with nonlinear dynamic process model will be assessed and compared to those of conventional EKF.     

相对差分GPS精度分析

近年来,全球定位系统(GPS)以其精度高、速度快、经济方便等优点,在布设各种形式的控制网、变形监测及精密工程测量等诸多方面都得到迅速广泛的应用。但由于美国的SA和AS政策,使其精度下降,因此各国都在研究如何提高其精度,本文就此问题给出一些观点。     

GPS精密单点定位在空中三角测量中的应用

结合一例带有试验性质的GPS辅助空中三角测量的工程实践,从不同的角度和数据处理方案,分析了GPS精密单点定位结果,结果表明采用GPS精密单点定位辅助空中三角测量的方案不仅可行,而且不需要地面基准站支持,提高了摄影测量效率并可降低测量成本.     

基于神经网络的GPS周跳探测的新方法

为了用GPS获得高精度的定位结果,周跳必须在数据处理过程中被检测和修复。通过对周跳产生原因和特点的分析,提出神经网络方法,并与传统方法进行比较。用神经网络建立模型对周跳进行预测。通过对比预测值的不同来确定周跳的大小,从而实现周跳的修复。此外,还利用实测的相位数据,验证方法的可行性与有效性。     

GPS动态定位自适应卡尔曼滤波算法研究

Sage-Husa滤波和强跟踪滤波是2种常规的自适应卡尔曼滤波,有各自的优缺点.综合2种滤波的特点,给出一种抗粗差的修正算法,实验效果比较好,能有效抑制少部分粗差带来的影响,计算结果表明效果比较理想.     

Precise estimation of residual tropospheric delays using a regional GPS network for real-time kinematic applications

 A new method called Trop_NetAdjust is described to predict in real time the residual tropospheric delays on the GPS carrier phase observables using the redundant measurements from a network of GPS reference stations. This method can not only enhance the effectiveness and reliability of real-time kinematic users within the network, but also provide a valid approach to tropospheric parameter variation forecasting. Trop_NetAdjust is theoretically based upon LS prediction criteria and enables the prediction of residual tropospheric delays remaining after a standard model has been applied to the raw GPS measurements. Two cases are analyzed, namely a first case when the delay is required for an existing satellite at a new point within the network and a second case when the delay is required for a new satellite. Field tests were conducted using data collected in a network of 11 reference stations covering a 400×600 km region in southern Norway. The results were analyzed in the measurement domain (ionospheric-free double-difference residuals) and showed improvements of 20 to 65% RMS errors using Trop_NetAdjust. The estimates of the Trop_NetAdjust prediction accuracy were also obtained using the covariance analysis method. The agreement was consistently better than 30% when compared with data from a real network. Received: 28 February 2000 / Accepted: 9 January 2001