开采地下水地面沉降三维数值模拟分析

根据汉口新业大厦水文地质与工程地质条件,建立开采地下水非稳定流定解问题三维数学模型,利用现有承压含水层非稳定流定解问题数值方案求解,重点讨论了源汇项的具体数学表达式。又简介根据达西定律和水均衡原理,建立了三维有限差分数值方程及其解法。根据土的有效应力原理和压密原理推导出了抽水沉降非线性压密方程,并研制了相应的三维有限元和有限差分计算程序。最后,对该环境岩土工程问题进行了分析和评价,计算结果与实测结果符合较好。     

基于随机介质理论的采水地面变形时空分布

采用随机介质理论计算规模采水引起的地面下沉和水平位移。分析了采水引起的地面位移机制,采用有效应力原理推导微单元体的沉降;利用非稳定流理论Theis模型计算单井定流量采水时平面径向流引起的降深;利用现场观测数据,通过反分析法确定模型参数;由于模型的边界动态变化,故分时段采用数学近似法和变边界数值逼近法处理。在此基础上建立单元盆地在降落漏斗区域的时空分布积分方程,引入柱坐标系进行解答。工程实例分析表明,随机介质理论适用于计算采水引起的地面变形;结合非稳定流理论和数值计算方法能较好地预测地面随时间的变形规律。     

同伦摄动法在一类线性积微分方程初值问题中的应用

积微分方程定解问题在数学与其他科学领域里有着重要的应用,利用积分,将一类积微分方程定解问题转为与之等价的第二类Fredholm-Volterra积分方程,然后利用同伦摄动方法求解第二类Fredholm-Volterra积分方程,可得积微分方程定解问题的解,最后利用matlab符号计算功能对实例进行计算,验证了同伦摄动法在求解积微分方程定解问题中是有效的.     

用定u值法求解具越流含水层参数

方法原理 不同类型的越流补给含水层定流量抽水完整井的非稳定流理论解,具有不同的形式。但用定u值法求解时其方法原理是类同的。本文仅介绍考虑弱透水层贮存水的释放的越补含水层参数的计算方法。     

第二类越补非稳定流水文地质参数简化求解

第二类越流补给非稳定流条件下水文地质参数求解为涉及3个未知数的超越方程,常规的解析法无法直接获解。本文采用优化拟合方法,在工程适应参数范围内,用较为简单的函数实现了对由图表给出的第二类越流补给非稳定流井函数数值关系的替代,并利用水位降深比值关系经整理获得了仅含1个未知量的表达式,经简单试算即可完成参数求解,计算过程简捷,不依赖图表,便于实际工程应用。     

新场岩体定压力压水试验数据解译方法的对比

以高放废物地质处置北山预选区新场岩体三个深钻孔的定压力压水试验为例,分别从压水阶段数据求解、压力恢复阶段数据求解和特殊试验段参数求解3个方面,对稳定流公式法和非稳定流参数拟合法进行了对比,得到了如下结论：非稳定流参数拟合法较稳定流公式法适用的渗流类型更多,使用数据量更大,结果更为可靠;在压水阶段和压力恢复阶段数据完整时,优先选择压力恢复阶段非稳定流参数拟合结果作为试验段的渗透系数.依据上述筛选原则,得到了新场岩体BS17～BS19三个深钻孔渗透系数的概率分布图,可初步判断新场岩体为低渗透性岩体,适宜于高放废物地质处置.     

非稳定流定降深法在矿井涌水量预测中的应用

矿井涌水量预测是否准确对矿井安全生产至关重要,其计算方法也多种多样。如何预测的更为准确是关键所在。以新上海一号煤矿为例,利用非稳定流定降深法预测了开采八煤层顶板的矿井涌水量。结合矿井煤层顶板实际突水案例与其它计算方法展开了对比与讨论,结果表明非稳定流定降深法更能充分利用非稳定流抽水试验求得的水文地质参数,计算过程简单、明了,比传统的稳定流解析法、以及数值法更直观、实用,在水文地质领域中值得采用和推广。     

压密注浆的能量分析方法

为了能够从能量的角度分析压密注浆的力学机理,并给出注浆压力的理论解,将整个注浆过程视为无限土体中的圆孔扩张问题,根据注浆过程中能耗区土体在注浆压力和静止土压力作用下的应力、应变和体变关系以及注浆扩孔过程中的能量和体变守恒原理,推导出压密注浆极限注浆压力的理论解答。计算和分析表明,理论解的计算结果与工程实际比较吻合,而且球形扩孔的注浆压力比柱形扩孔的注浆压力要小得多,初步证实了理论解的可靠性。     

关于潜水完整井单孔稳定流求参的两个问题

本文就如何充分利用潜水完整井单孔稳定流抽水试验资料、计算含水层渗透系数及水位变动带的给水度等问题,进行了简要分析对比,认为消除水跃值后单孔稳定流计算结果,与利用非稳定流方法和用带观测孔的稳定流方法计算结果相近。     

额济纳旗盆地傍河潜水蒸发型稳定流解析解

黑河下游的额济纳旗盆地,气候干旱,降雨稀少,濒临崩溃的生态系统靠其有限的地下水资源维持着,如何有效的评价地下水资源量,怎样合理的开发利用地下水资源,成为亟待解决的问题。本文通过建立额济纳旗盆地傍河潜水蒸发的稳定流数学模型,通过对一维蒸发型稳定流进行分析和计算,得到了一维稳定流在线性蒸发条件下的定水头补给和定流量补给的解析解;通过龙格-库塔方法,在excel中实现了一维稳定流在非线性蒸发条件下的定水头补给和定流量补给的潜水面形态;并且在计算的过程中分别对定水头补给和定流量补给做了无量纲化处理,计算结果对傍河典型剖面具有一定适用性。     

Three-dimensional finite element modelling for consolidation due to groundwater withdrawal in a desaturating anisotropic aquifer system

A poroelastic numerical model is presented to evaluate three-dimensional consolidation due to groundwater withdrawal from desaturating anisotropic porous media. This numerical model is developed based on the fully coupled governing equations for groundwater flow in deforming variably saturated porous media and the Galerkin finite element method. Two different cases of unsaturated aquifers are simulated for the purpose of comparison: a cross-anisotropic soil aquifer, and a corresponding isotropic soil aquifer composed of a geometrically averaged equivalent material. The numerical simulation results show that the anisotropy has a significant effect on the shapes of three-dimensional hydraulic head distribution and displacement vector fields. Such an effect of anisotropy is caused by the uneven partitioning of the hydraulic pumping stress between the vertical and horizontal directions in both groundwater flow field and solid skeleton deformation field. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pumping-induced stress and strain in aquifer systems in Wuxi,China

Excessive groundwater withdrawal from an aquifer system leads to three-dimensional displacement, causing changes in the states of stress and strain. Often, land subsidence and sometimes earth fissures ensue. Field investigation indicates that land subsidence and earth fissures in Wuxi, a city in eastern China, are mainly due to excessive groundwater withdrawal, and that they are temporally and spatially related to groundwater pumping. Groundwater withdrawal may cause tensile strain to develop in aquifer systems, but tensile strain does not definitely mean tensile stress. Where earth fissures are concerned, the stress state should be adopted in numerical simulations instead of the strain state and displacement. The numerical simulation undertaken for the Wuxi area shows that the zone of tensile strain occupies a large area on the ground surface; nevertheless, the zone of tensile stress is very limited. The zone of tensile stress often occurs near the ground surface, beneath which the depth to the bedrock surface is relatively small and has considerable variability. Earth fissures often initiate near the ground surface where tensile stress occurs. Tensile stress and earth fissures rarely develop at the centers of land subsidence bowls, where compressive stress is dominant.     

Boundary Element Analysis (Laplace Transform Solution) of Groundwater Unsteady Flow to a Multiple Well System in a Confined Aquifer1

Abstract The calculations of unsteady flow to a multiple well system with the application of boundary element method (BEM) are discussed. The mathematical model of unsteady well flow is a boundary value problem of parabolic differential equation. It is changed into an elliptic one by Laplace transform to eliminate time variable. The image function of water head H can be solved by BEM. We derived the boundary integral equation of the transformed variable H and the discretization form of it, so that there is no need to discretize the boundaries of well walls and it becomes easier to solve the groundwater head H by numerical inversion.     

河渠水位曲线回水影响半无限含水层河渠附近地下水非稳定流计算

本文探讨河渠水位呈曲线变化时,河渠附近地下水非稳定运动问题。抛开经典河渠附近地下水非稳定渗流理论之瞬时回水的假设条件,重新推导河渠影响半无限潜水含水层地下水非稳定流计算公式。应用数值逼近的理论、逼近河渠水位变化规律。给出河渠水位以任意次多项式规律变化的一系列地下水非稳定流计算公式。从理论上证明了瞬时回水假设的根本矛盾,并用一实际例子对比计算加以验证。指出了抛弃瞬时回水的假设条件,重新建立一套全新的河渠附近地下水非稳定流理论的必要性。     

Modified governing equation and numerical simulation of seepage flow in a single fracture with three-dimensional roughness

Roughness and tortuosity influence groundwater flow through a fracture. Steady flow through a single fracture can be described primitively by the well-known Cubic Law and Reynolds equation with the assumption that the fracture is made of smooth parallel plates. However, ignoring the roughness and tortuosity of the fracture will lead to inaccurate estimations of the flow rate. To obtain a more accurate flow rate through a rough fracture, this paper has derived a modified governing equation, taking into account the three-dimensional effect of the roughness. The equation modifies the Reynolds equation by adding correction coefficients to the terms of the flow rates, which are relative to the roughness angles in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Experiments of steady seepage flow through sawtooth fractures were conducted. The accuracy of the modified equation has been verified by comparing the experimental data and the theoretical computational data. Furthermore, three-dimensional numerical models were established to simulate the steady flow in rough fractures with the triangular, sinusoidal surfaces and the typical joint roughness coefficient (JRC) profiles. The simulation results were compared with the calculation results of the modified equation and the current equations. The comparison indicates that the flow rate calculated by the modified equation is the closest to the numerical result.     

陈崇希教授的学术思想和成就综述

在地下水资源评价理论方面, 陈崇希教授分析了"平均布井法"不符合质量守衡原理的实质, 纠正了以"地下水补给量计算可持续开采量"的错误, 提出了基于"质量守衡"的地下水资源评价原则, 强调分析"补给的增加量与排泄的减少量"在评价地下水可持续开采量时的重要意义.在地下水动力学领域, 陈崇希教授纠正了稳定井流"影响半径"模型的错误, 恢复了Dupuit"圆岛模型"的原貌, 拓展了Theis公式和Hantush公式的应用条件, 改进了地下水非稳定井流理论, 完善了其中的某些基本概念.在水文地质模拟仿真技术方面, 陈崇希教授提出确定滨海承压含水层海底边界的理论和方法; 提出地下水混合井流的模型和模拟方法, 解决了混合抽水试验确定分层水文地质参数的难题; 提出岩溶管道-裂隙-孔隙三重介质的地下水线性-非线性流动的模型; 建立了考虑井管水流雷诺数对滤管入流量分布的水平井-含水层系统的地下水流模型; 完成了"渗流-管流耦合模型"的砂槽物理模拟, 并用数值方法仿真了地下水流的规律; 最近向观测孔水位形成的传统观念———常规观测孔中的水头降深反映该孔滤水管中各点的平均降深———提出质疑.陈崇希教授建立的"渗流-管流耦合模型"使传统的基于线汇/线源的井孔-含水系统模型提高到新的水平.陈崇希教授积极倡导"防止模拟失真, 提高仿真性", 强调精细地分析水文地质条件、合理地概化模型和采用正确的仿真技术的重要性.      

用改进的时间差分有限分析法模拟地下水非稳定井流方程

提出了一种改进的时间差分有限分析算法,它能够避免在求解水头剧烈变化时用一般有限分析法计算精度较差的缺陷.算法的稳定性好.     

二维非恒定渗流的有限元并行计算

建立了二维非恒定渗流的有限元并行计算模型,在windows操作系统下实现了基于消息传递的二维渗流的有限元并行计算。模型采用广义极小残余算法(GMRES)对方程组进行并行迭代求解,通过分析数据执行时的相关性和检验算法结构的固有串行性,将原有串行算法中的算法元直接并行化。对溪洛渡上游围堰的渗流分析进行了并行数值模拟,并针对水位骤降情况下非恒定渗流进行了并行计算,证明了模型的合理性。对模型进行了加速比测定,可以看出并行计算的效率随着问题规模的增加而逐渐提高。