长江流域肋木属化石的研究及水韭目分类系统

肋木属（Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｍｅｉａ）是三叠纪早、中期最重要的石松植物之一。文中描述了长江流域中三叠世肋木属化石２个种,查明了安尼期早期它们在本区几乎是同时出现的,此后期分布区由东向西逐渐缩小,植物分布区缩小的原因很可能与当时海平面升降有关。依据肋木属的产出层位和共存的海相化石认为,肋木属的地质时限为印度期—安尼期,安尼期末为全球肋木属生命危机期。从生物演化和演变过程中的质变标志出发,建立和完善了水韭目分类系统,水韭目包括肋木科和水韭科,前科包括肋木属和古水韭属,后科包括脊囊属、斯基林孢穗属和水韭属。     

黔西晚三叠世地层及植物群研究

本文详细地报道了贵州省西部晚三叠世火把冲组和二桥组植物群，计有化石植物48属110种。在这个植物群中，苏铁类植物占优势；蕨类植物了很丰富，其中尤以双扇蕨科植物占有重要地位；银杏类植物和松柏类植物有了较大的发展。并在此基础上，对黔西晚三叠世植物群的性质、地质时代以及与国内外同期类似植物群的关系和对比等进行了讨论，确定了黔西晚三叠世植物群的地质时代为诺利克期至端替克朗。     

长江三峡地区巴东组植物群的生态环境分析

对长江三峡地区中三叠世巴东组植物群作了较系统的总结，自下而上首次建立了两个植物组合，即Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｍｅｉａ ｍａｒｇｉｎｕｌａｔａ－Ａｎｎａｌｅｐｉｓ ｓａｎｇｚｈｉｅｎｓｉｓ组合和Ａｎｍａｌｅｐｉｓ ｌａｔｉｌｏｂａ－Ｓｃｙｔｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ组合，前者的时代为安尼期，后者为拉丁期。本文从分析巴东组的沉积特征入手，较深入地探讨了该组二段植物组合的生态环境和当时的植被景观，依据组合的重要分子肋木脊囊     

新疆准噶尔盆地东缘中—晚二叠世植物群及其地质意义

本文首次报道了新疆准噶尔盆地东缘胜利沟中二叠世平地泉组植物化石11属19种和晚二叠世黄梁沟组植物化石7属9种,并结合前人对这一地区中—晚二叠世植物化石记录,讨论了两个植物群的地质时代。研究认为：中二叠世平地泉组植物群以安加拉植物群为主,混生个别欧美植物群分子;晚二叠世黄梁沟组植物群为混生少量华夏植物群分子的安加拉植物群。在此基础上,探讨了中—晚二叠世植物群演替、植被变化、植物群混生与中亚造山带板块聚合之间的关系,认为中二叠世的暖温带温湿气候在晚二叠世转变为季节性干热气候,准噶尔盆地东缘中—晚二叠世植物群混生与准噶尔—吐哈地块、塔里木板块、佳蒙地块、华北板块的拼合和古亚洲洋的关闭密切相关。     

豫西宜阳上二叠统孙家沟组孢粉组合及其地质意义*

豫西宜阳上二叠统孙家沟组为一套陆相碎屑岩,在该组中部土门段砂泥互层中发现大量的植物化石碎片和孢粉化石。文中依据孙家沟组沉积特征及孢粉组合区域对比,厘定了土门段的地质时代,并依据孢粉化石的亲缘植物关系和信息函数,结合微量元素Sr/Cu值指标,定性和半定量分析了宜阳地区的古气候特征。结果显示: 土门段共发现52属孢粉化石,以裸子植物花粉占优势,与华北地区晚二叠世孢粉组合特征有很大的相似性,推测其地质时代相当于晚二叠世长兴期。孢粉化石属种的植物亲缘关系与欧美镁灰岩统植物成分类似,表明整体上为较炎热的半干旱古气候。该成果可为华北地区晚二叠世晚期的陆相沉积环境、古植物背景以及古气候演化研究提供参考依据。     

贺兰山北段石炭纪和二叠纪植物群

贺兰山北段石炭纪和二叠纪植物化石经鉴定,计有39属104种。讨论了植物群的性质,划分了5个组合,即(1)晚石炭世早期Bothrodendroncirculare—Mesocalamitescistiformis组合;(2)晚石炭世中期Lepidodendronsubrhombicum—Conchophyllumrichthofenii组合;(3)晚石炭世晚期Lepidodendronszeianum—Neuropterisovata组合;(4)早二叠世早期Lepido dendronposthumii—Callipteridiumkoraiense组合和(5)早二叠世晚期Caulopteriswudaensis—Paratingiadatongensis组合。这5个组合的代表岩组分别为红土洼组、羊虎沟组、太原组下部、太原组中上部和山西组。其地质时代大致相当于纳缪尔B—C期、维斯发期、斯蒂芬期、阿赛尔期、萨克马尔期和阿丁斯克期。植物群含有大量的华夏型分子,为典型的华夏植物群。此外还讨论了植物群的演化。     

长江流域中三叠世肋木植物的衰退及其适应性生存对策

肋木植物茎细，不分枝，茎上却顶生一枚十分庞大的孢囊穗，给人以头重脚轻的印象，因而被视为生命力不强的特化类群。这类植物为了更好地延续物种后代和防止衰退，采取了增强生殖力、生殖器官远距离传播能力和叶形态多样化等一系列适应性生存对策。肋木在长江流域的分布层位由东向西逐渐升高，表明安尼早期它在该地区几乎是同时出现的，其扩展方向由西向东而入，而中、晚期分布区则由东向西逐渐缩小。     

内蒙古乌达地区早二叠世植物群和古生态研究

研究的植物化石采自内蒙古乌达地区早二叠世地层,共计11属20种,分属于石松纲、楔叶纲、瓢叶目、真蕨纲、种子蕨纲和苏铁纲。研究结果表明,植物群含有许多华夏植物群分子和地方性分子,为典型的华夏植物群。根据植物群分子的总体组成,植物群的时代为早二叠世,相当于阿瑟尔期(Asselian)、萨克马尔期(Sakmarian)、亚丁斯克期(Artinskian)和空谷期(Kungurian)。在研究植物群的基础上,对植物群的古生态进行了研究,建立了早二叠世Lepidodendron posthumii Paratingia datongensis植物群落。这一植物群落在二叠纪主要分布在沼泽和低地环境,以大量出现的蕨类和种子蕨分子为特征。植物群落为原地保存,借助于化石资料,植物的生活型得以重建,包括乔木、树蕨、灌木和草本。植物群落指示早二叠世本区为温暖潮湿的气候条件。     

中国晚泥盆世至早三叠世楔叶类植物多样性研究*

化石类群的分类单元多样性和形态多样性变化是生物宏演化的2个基本方面,而以往的研究对于后者的关注较少。晚古生代的楔叶类植物易于识别,化石记录丰富,但针对这一类群多样性演化的研究还较为缺乏。基于华北板块、华南板块晚泥盆世至早三叠世楔叶类植物属、种以及叶片形态编码数据库,对楔叶类植物宏演化历程进行详细研究。中国(华北板块和华南板块)楔叶类植物的属、种丰富度在晚古生代呈现出不稳定的持续增长,表现为晚泥盆世的初始兴盛、早石炭世杜内期至早二叠世萨克马尔期的缓慢上升、早二叠世萨克马尔期至晚二叠世吴家坪期的快速上升;晚二叠世长兴期,总体的属种多样性骤减;每百万年属种多样性在二叠纪—三叠纪之交亦有明显降低。华南板块楔叶类植物的属种多样性总体上小于华北板块,达到峰值的时间为卡匹敦期—吴家坪期,而华北楔叶类植物的属级多样性在空谷期—沃德期达到峰值。中国楔叶类植物叶片的形态多样性的剧烈变化与属种丰富度并不同步,表现为法门期至韦宪期较小,在宾夕法尼亚亚纪达到峰值,随后稍微下降并在二叠纪的大部分时段保持平稳。在晚古生代的叶片形态演化过程中,楔叶类植物的叶面积由小变大、叶片由深裂至不裂、叶尖形状由分裂变为圆形或钝圆、叶轮中的叶从大小相等到大小不等并出现叶镶嵌,这可能与当时植物群落中林下层光照强度的变化有关。     

全新世温暖期中低温事件的初步研究

在第四纪气候中,全新世是气候转暖期,尤其是全新世中期为其最暖期,然而在温暖期中,却普遍发现有短暂的降温时期,世界各地均有存在。根据中国全新世各地的孢粉植物群、动物化石、西部冰川消长、海面升降变化以及天文背景等研究证实,在中国全新世温暖期中,确实存在一次短暂的降温事件,并有其重要的地学意义。     

Faunistic Substantiation of Stratigraphic Occurrence of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleuromeia</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Isoëtopsida</Emphasis>) Plant in the Triassic of Gorny Mangyshlak,Republic of Kazakhstan

Joint burial places of mollusks and Pleuromeia plants allow specification of a period of stratigraphic occurrence of this genus in the west of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the Gorny Mangyshlak. Two places of occurrences of pleuromeias were found in marine Triassic rocks: one in the Karadzhatyk Formation of the northern slope of the Karatauchik Range close to the Dolnapa well, where the fossils of Pleuromeia sternbergii (Münster) Corda plants are associated with ammonoid shells, and the other one in the Karaduan Formation of the southern slope of Mt. Karashek, where this plant was found along with bivalves and gastropods. The mollusk fauna from both occurrences indicates that the Mangyshlak pleuromeias occurred from the late Olenekian Substage to Anisian Stage.     

Upper Triassic stratigraphy and paleobiogeography of Kotel’nyi Island (New Siberian Islands)

The thorough study of the Upper Triassic reference section located at the Tikhaya River in the central part of Kotel??nyi Island and characterized by uniform clayey lithology and containing diverse cephalopod, molluscan, and radiolarian assemblages made it possible to specify its structure and paleontological characteristic and establish for the first time the upper Anisian Sirenites yakutensis Zone. It is shown that different Late Triassic faunal groups are represented by mixed dominant Boreal and subordinate Tethyan elements. Such proportions are observable through the entire section beginning from the lower Carnian to upper Norian layers. The peculiar taxonomic composition of Late Triassic radiolarian and cephalopod assemblages provides grounds for attributing the region to an autonomous paleobiochore (New Siberian subprovince). The occurrence of both Siberian and Canadian elements in the Late Triassic faunas emphasizes the specific position of this paleobiochore determined by wide connections between basins at that time.     

川滇黔桂地区下、中三叠统层序划分、对比及层序地层格架

在对研究区不同相带内典型剖面详细观测、层序界面识别基础上,将区内下、中三叠统划分出六个三级层序,分别命名为S₁ ～S₆,其中下三叠统印度阶一个 (S₁ )、奥伦尼阶两个 (S₂ ～S₃),中三叠统安尼阶两个 (S₄～S₅)、拉丁阶一个 (S₆),从年代地层考虑早三叠延续时限为 3.9Ma,则S1 、S2 、S3层序延续的时限平均为 1.3Ma。中三叠统延续的时限为 6.1Ma,则S4、S5、S6 层序所延续的时限平均分别为 2.0 3Ma。按层序底面性质可分出 4个Ⅰ型层序 (S₂ 、S₃、S₄、S₅)和 2个Ⅱ型层序 (S₁ 、S₆),并进行了区域层序对比,进而建立了区内下、中三叠统层序地层格架模型,详细讨论了各层序的次级组成单元 (体系域 )的几何形态和相互关系随时间的迁移所发生的相应变化。     

Depositional facies,environments and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Middle Triassic–Lower Cretaceous (pre-Late Albian) succession in Arif El-Naga anticline,northeast Sinai,Egypt

The Middle Triassic–Lower Cretaceous (pre-Late Albian) succession of Arif El-Naga anticline comprises various distinctive facies and environments that are connected with eustatic relative sea-level changes, local/regional tectonism, variable sediment influx and base-level changes. It displays six unconformity-bounded depositional sequences. The Triassic deposits are divided into a lower clastic facies (early Middle Triassic sequence) and an upper carbonate unit (late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences). The early Middle Triassic sequence consists of sandstone with shale/mudstone interbeds that formed under variable regimes, ranging from braided fluvial, lower shoreface to beach foreshore. The marine part of this sequence marks retrogradational and progradational parasequences of transgressive- and highstand systems tract deposits respectively. Deposition has taken place under warm semi-arid climate and a steady supply of clastics. The late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences are carbonate facies developed on an extensive shallow marine shelf under dry-warm climate. The late Middle Triassic sequence includes retrogradational shallow subtidal oyster rudstone and progradational lower intertidal lime-mudstone parasequences that define the transgressive- and highstand systems tracts respectively. It terminates with upper intertidal oncolitic packstone with bored upper surface. The next latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequence is marked by lime-mudstone, packstone/grainstone and algal stromatolitic bindstone with minor shale/mudstone. These lower intertidal/shallow subtidal deposits of a transgressive-systems tract are followed upward by progradational highstand lower intertidal lime-mudstone deposits. The overlying Jurassic deposits encompass two different sequences. The Lower Jurassic sequence is made up of intercalating lower intertidal lime-mudstone and wave-dominated beach foreshore sandstone which formed during a short period of rising sea-level with a relative increase in clastic supply. The Middle-Upper Jurassic sequence is represented by cycles of cross-bedded sandstone topped with thin mudstone that accumulated by northerly flowing braided-streams accompanying regional uplift of the Arabo–Nubian shield. It is succeeded by another regressive fluvial sequence of Early Cretaceous age due to a major eustatic sea-level fall. The Lower Cretaceous sequence is dominated by sandy braided-river deposits with minor overbank fines and basal debris flow conglomerate.     

贵州紫云石头寨晚二叠世—中三叠世牙形石动物群及生态意义

本文所研究的贵州紫云石头寨上二叠统长兴组—中三叠统新苑组牙形石,共计5属14种,其中Hindeodus julfensis在华南系首次发现。文中对下三叠统罗楼组上部—中三叠统新苑组下部共建立了3个牙形石带,它们是Neospathodus timorensis带、Neogondolella regale带和N.constricta带。其中N.regale在华南属首次报导。此外就N.timorensis带的时代归属作了讨论,认为该带应属早三叠世晚期。而N.regale带为安尼阶最下部的牙形石带。文中还对牙形石的生态作了初步探讨。     

三叠纪海的硫同位素

前言自Ault和Kulp(1959)发表第一批海相硫酸盐岩的硫同位素分析数据以来,海相硫酸盐岩(石膏、硬石膏)的硫同位素研究工作已进行了二十余年。     

滇中鱼坝村组的建立及陆相侏罗系底界

滇中及相邻地区上三叠统舍资组含煤层与下侏罗统冯家河组红层之间，连续沉积了一套杂色细碎屑岩过渡层。其分布稳定，该层所含化石及磁性地层特征表明其时代属早侏罗世。因此建立下侏罗统鱼坝村组，并确定该组底界为陆相侏罗系的底界。     

四川盆地东部三叠纪含钾岩层古地磁及物性研究

在四川合川地区沥鼻峡部面上进行了古地磁和岩石物性的研究工作,样品采自三叠系须家河组、雷口坡组、嘉陵江组和飞仙关组.共采集手标本500余块,对2200个样品测定了剩余磁化强度及方向、磁化率和密度.对样品进行了热退磁和交变退磁处理,并对部分样品作了镜下签定,确定了该区主要沉积岩石的磁性矿物是磁铁矿和少量磁黄铁矿.根据古地磁测量结果可知,四川盆地三叠纪时远离赤道由南向北漂移,在早三叠世时的古纬度为北纬18.72°附近,随后到达北纬26.68°附近,且后者相对于前者顺时针转动了30°.在此期间还发生了垂直升降作用.这些资料表明,本区在三叠纪时处于有利于成盐的中低纬度地区.我们还依据综合岩石物性资料,划分了本区的岩层.合川剖面的研究结果表明,将古地磁和岩石物性研究用于探讨盐矿生成环境,进行地层对比是非常有用的手段,应该得到广泛的应用.     

Grooves and striations on the Stanthorpe Adamellite: Evidence for a possible late Middle ‐ Late Triassic age glaciation

Evidence for glacial erosion of competent intrusive igneous rock is described for sites at Quart Pot Creek, Stanthorpe, Queensland. The bedrock, comprising the Stanthorpe Adamellite, was emplaced during the Early‐Middle Triassic. It is argued that the pluton was exposed during the late Middle ‐ Late Triassic and subjected to glacial erosion at that time. This was consequent to the rapid uplift and denudation of the landscape, which accompanied the Hunter‐Bowen Orogeny. Burial of the eroded surface occurred most probably during that ice age and a subsequent period of subsidence. The ancient surface has been exhumed during more recent denudation. It is suggested that during the late Middle ‐ Late Triassic, climatic conditions remained cold enough over this part of southeastern Australia at least for valley glaciers to form and influence landscape development.