江西大岗山负离子浓度与气象因子之间的响应关系

利用江西大岗山森林生态地面标准气象观测场内2019年度空气负离子和气象监测数据,分析了负离子浓度与气象因子之间的响应关系.结果表明:1)该地区年均负离子浓度1411.5个/cm3.夏季负离子浓度和温度呈负相关、和湿度呈正相关,在其余季节负离子浓度和温度呈正相关、与湿度呈负相关.2)无雨天与日降雨量少于50 mm的雨天,负离子浓度与温度呈负相关,与湿度呈正相关;暴雨天负离子浓度与温度呈正相关,与湿度呈较弱的负相关.3)不同季节,温度、湿度的大幅变化常伴随着负离子浓度的大幅变化,而温度、湿度变化较小时,负离子浓度的变化幅度也较小,说明温度、湿度的变化对负离子浓度的影响很大.4)暴雨过程中,负离子浓度随降水量的增加(减少)而增大(减小);暴雨发生时,负离子浓度急剧增大.     

台山单站降水的多尺度振荡特征

应用功率谱、Morlet小波变换和Butterworth带通滤波处理等方法,对1954—2018年台山站的年降水序列和逐日降水序列数据进行多尺度振荡特征分析。研究表明:台山站年降水量存在11～13、准4、准25年的周期振荡,前汛期降水量存在准13、2～5年的周期振荡,后汛期降水量存在7～8、准20、3～4、准11年的周期振荡。台山站逐日降水振荡基本表现为天气尺度振荡、准单周振荡、准双周振荡、季节内振荡和季节变化振荡等5种尺度,季节内及以下尺度振荡强度相当,季节变化振荡强度较弱。5种时间尺度的标准差,天气尺度最大,季节变化尺度最小,除季节变化振荡外均呈现出周期性循环特征。在汛期雨量偏少年,逐日降水较易呈现出准单周振荡和天气尺度振荡,而汛期雨量偏多年较易呈现出准双周振荡。     

GPS遥感大气可降水量在大连地区3次降水过程中的应用

利用大连市气象局地基GPS/MET观测网大气可降水量（PWV）数据,分析2011年大连瓦房店、庄河和长海地区降水天气过程PWV的变化特征及其与降水量和降水强度的关系,在此基础上通过分析物理量场和天气系统,探讨大尺度水汽输送、辐合与PWV变化的关系及GPS在暴雨天气中的应用。结果表明：PWV的增长方式受当地天气系统的支配和制约,对一次明显的降水过程,从开始至结束PWV的变化与降水量有明显的相关性。当有水汽由南向北输送时,PWV在降水开始前逐渐增长,当地面及高空有大范围的水汽辐合且高空比湿值大于10 g·kg^-1时,PWV显著增长（降水开始前4-5 h）,主要降水时段与PWV峰值相对应,同时PWV的增幅大小与降水强度有明显的关系。     

2009年天津城区空气负离子变化规律

空气负离子成为空气清洁度的重要评价指标。利用2009年天津城区空气负离子观测数据,研究天津城区空气负离子的时空变化规律。结果表明：天津城区空气负离子月变化浓度呈双峰型分布,主峰值出现在9月,次峰值出现在5月,7月份负离子浓度最低;四个季节中负离子的日变化特征存在明显差异;天津市和大连市两个沿海城市的负离子浓度范围相差不大,最低值均出现在7月份,但二者月变化规律趋势不同。     

资溪县城空气负离子特征及与气象因子相关性分析

通过对江西省资溪县连续608 d空气负离子日观测数据进行分析,结果表明:资溪县城空气负离子浓度平均值为4103个/cm3;负离子浓度有明显的日变化规律,早晨最高,为4569个/cm3,中午最低,为3411个/cm3;负离子浓度还具有明显的季节变化规律,春季最高,5月平均为5283个/cm3,秋季最小,10月平均只有2709个/cm3。负离子浓度与气象因子关系密切,其中与日照时数呈现出极显著的线性负相关,相关性F值为14.12,与降水量有显著的线性正相关;F值为3.484,与日平均气温、相对湿度的线性相关均不显著。     

新疆伊犁河谷不同季节降水的日变化特征

利用2012—2019年新疆伊犁河谷10个气象站逐小时降水资料,分析该区域不同季节降水的日变化特征。结果表明:(1)伊犁河谷春季、夏季和冬季的累计降水量日变化呈单峰型,秋季呈双峰型。四季累计降水量日变化的低值都出现在下午(15:00—19:00),高值时段在春季、秋季和冬季的上午(10:00—12:00),夏季高值出现在前半夜(22:00)。(2)同一季节累计降水频次和累计降水量的日变化特征类似,逐时平均降水量和降水频次峰值的空间分布均存在明显区域差异。(3)伊犁河谷四季均以短历时降水事件为主,该类事件在夏季出现比例最高(89%),冬季出现比例最低(70%),且短历时降水事件是夏季总降水量的主要贡献者,而长持续性降水事件是冬季总降水量的主要贡献者。(4)伊犁河谷四季降水的日循环与降水的持续性之间都存在密切关系,其中持续2～8 h和1～4 h的降水事件是春季和夏季降水量日变化峰值的主要贡献者,不同持续时间降水事件对秋季和冬季降水量日变化峰值的贡献大致相等。     

2007—2015年江西省短历时强降水时空分布特征分析

选取2007—2015年江西省1 895个地面气象站的降水观测资料,分别统计分析了20 mm≤1 h降水量＜30 mm、30 mm≤1 h降水量＜50 mm、1 h降水量≥50 mm、3 h降水量≥50 mm、6 h降水量≥50 mm短历时强降水的年际变化、季节变化、日变化和空间分布特征。结果表明： 1）从年际变化来看,1 h降水量≥20 mm短历时强降水的日数呈现增多的趋势。2）从季节变化来看,短历时强降水天气主要出现在4—9月,其中6月短历时强降水日数最多,1、2、12月最少;5—8月有超过80％的站点出现短历时强降水天气。3）从日变化来看,短历时强降水易发生在傍晚至上半夜时段,主峰值区出现在17—21时,次峰值出现在08—09时;4）从空间分布来看,不同降水强度的短历时强降水的发生日数均呈“西少东多”的空间分布特征,其中九江地区的降水日数偏少,抚州、鹰潭地区偏多。     

“20110809”石家庄西部大暴雨分析

利用雷达、自动站和GPS可降水量等高时空分辨率加密观测资料,对石家庄一次局地大暴雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明：在高温高湿的大气环境下,弱切变线的西摆北伸是此次强对流天气过程出现的触发机制和预报难点,切变线位置是造成石家庄西部大暴雨的主要环流背景;强降水出现前大气水汽含量快速积累,GPS可降水量突升且存在着两个峰值,其中最大值刚好对应降水开始时间,次大值提前于降水出现时间16 h。强降水回波缘于主体回波、阵风锋以及新生回波的合并发展加强,CR、VIL和ET峰值分别达61 dBz、55 kg·m^-2和17 km。在高温高湿的大气环境下,新生发展的回波、阵风锋、速度图上辐合、气旋或逆风区等都可以预示强对流天气发展。     

玉屏暴雨与致灾暴雨特征及乡镇“三个叫应”阈值确定

本文使用玉屏县国家站及乡镇考核站点2014-2020年暴雨天气过程日降水量、逐小时降水量及灾情数据,统计分析玉屏县暴雨天气及致灾暴雨天气过程降水特点,对本地“三个叫应”阈值进行检验,并提炼乡镇“三个叫应”阈值。结果表明：（1）新店镇暴雨频次逐年变化幅度不大,而田坪镇变化幅度最大,朱家场镇次之。（2）全县在5-7月份出现暴雨的频次较高,6月份达到峰值,而朱家场镇暴雨频次的峰值出现在7月。（3）在所有暴雨天气过程中,短时强降水多出现在夜间,致灾分为持续性降水或平缓降水致灾、暴雨叠加致灾、短时强降水致灾。当玉屏县境内出现连续4天以上降水且累计雨量达到100mm左右,或10mm/h左右降水持续5小时～9小时,将可能出现灾情。暴雨叠加分为空间叠加及时间叠加,玉屏县辖区两次暴雨时间间隔小于1天,将极易引发相关灾害。空间叠加为玉屏县中南部3小时出现50mm降水叠加岑巩上游暴雨,玉屏县中南部将可能出现灾情。（4）对“三个叫应”阈值进行检验,结果表明各乡镇的致灾雨强并不统一,因此制定分乡镇的“三个叫应”阈值,3h阈值为40mm～60mm。     

秦岭南北降水小时尺度特征对比分析

利用秦岭地区1961—2015年暖季(4—10月)国家级地面气象站观测的逐时降水资料,从降水逐候变化与降水日变化的角度,比较了秦岭南北两侧暖季降水的演变特征,研究表明:在逐候演变上,秦岭南北两侧均为夏秋双峰型降水,但北侧降水主峰值出现在秋季,秦岭南侧降水主峰值出现在夏季。在降水日变化上,夏秋两季中南侧降水量、降水频次和降水强度均以清晨峰值为主,仅在降水频次上夏季出现了午后的次峰值;而北侧降水量日变化夏秋变化较大,且主要由降水强度贡献,夏季降水强度在午后较强,而秋季清晨降水强度更大。对于不同持续时间的降水事件,南北两个区域在夏秋均表现为持续9 h以上(3 h以下)的降水为清晨(午后)降水峰值,其差别主要存在于持续时间为4～8 h的降水事件中。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.