陕西略阳铜厂铜矿床成矿机制分析

从铜厂铜矿床矿石的稀土元素,铅同位素特征及示踪结果,结合岩体形成的构造环境与成矿年代资料,指出铜厂铜矿床为岩浆期后热液与动力变质热液叠加复合型矿床。成矿物质既有来自火山岩围岩的,又有源于岩体本身的,是多源复因矿床。     

陕南勉略宁地区铜厂闪长岩岩石地球化学及SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb同位素年代学

本文对位于陕南勉略宁地区铜厂铜矿区与铜成矿作用有关的闪长岩进行了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究,讨论铜厂岩体的岩石成因、成岩物质来源及其地质意义和与铜厂铜矿床的关系.研究结果表明,铜厂闪长岩属于钙碱性-低钾岩系列岩石,以富大离子亲石元素和贫高场强元素为特征,其稀土配分模式为具Eu负异常和Ce异常不明显的轻稀土富集型,与碧口群海相火山岩具有一定相似性和继承性.闪长岩主要来源于壳源或曾受到地壳物质的强烈混染,并没有经历过显著的结晶分异演化,且与铜成矿有密切的关系,为该区主要成矿物质来源之一.岩体形成的大地构造背景属于碰撞隆起-岛弧火山,成矿作用晚于岩体侵入.铜厂闪长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄为842±6.5Ma,早于秦岭造山带的主造山期.该区晋宁期俯冲-挤压造山作用,形成了碧口岩群岛弧火山岩系,铜厂闪长岩可能属于地层.碧口群细碧角斑岩末期火山侵入杂岩,由碧口群火山岩的局部熔融作用形成,其轻稀土的相对富集可能与岩体继承源岩的稀土特征有关.     

新疆阿舍勒火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿硫、铅同位素地球化学

通过对矿石矿物与容矿围岩Ｓ、Ｐｂ同位素地球化学的研究，证实阿舍勒铜矿区Ⅰ号矿床与Ⅱ号矿床在成因上具有显著差异，即Ⅰ号矿床成矿金属与细碧岩同源，硫则来自于火山喷气；Ⅱ号矿床成矿金属可能来自石英角斑质凝灰岩的海水淋滤，硫可能是多源的。这一认识为开拓找矿思路提供了新的依据。铅同位素资料还反映基－酸性火山岩来自两个源区。     

晋北火山岩型金银矿床同位素地球化学特征

晋北地区是浅成低温热液金银矿床重要分布区。金银矿床与火山岩岩体密切相关。与成矿有关的石英斑岩、石岗斑岩基 Rb-Sr等时线年龄为136-167Ma，为燕山早中期产物，（87Sr/86Sr）。为0.7058-0.7065，属幔壳混源型。铅同位素资料表明，支家地银矿和刁泉银、金、铜矿铅同位素组成与高于庄组白云岩及有关次山岩岩石铅组成相似，可能均属壳幔混合源。耿庄金矿铅同位素属异常铅。金银矿床的δ34S值分布范围为-0.8‰-+9.6‰,算术平均值为3.8‰，为岩浆热液型特征。成矿流体氢氧同位素及碳酸盐的碳氧同     

我国矽卡岩型铜矿床同位素地质特征及其“三位一体”成矿模式

总结了典型折矽卡岩型铜矿床同位素地质地球化学特征，认为我国矽卡岩型铜矿床成矿岩体（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ一般在０．７０６￣０．７１０变化，岩体为幔壳混合源型。矿石铅同位素组成均匀、稳定，特别是铀铅，＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ＝１７．０７５￣１８．１００，＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ＝１５．３３７￣１５．６３５，比值变化小，而＾２０８Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ比值变化稍大，矿石铅源主要来自成矿岩体。矿石δ     

661铀矿床铅同位素组成与成矿物质来源探讨

661铀矿床位于浙江省境内,是赣杭铀成矿带东段重要的火山岩型铀矿床之一,矿体赋存于晚中生代磨石山群九里坪组流纹岩中。对采自该矿的与铀成矿相关的方解石进行了系统铅同位素测定。结果表明,该矿床不同阶段方解石具有一致的Pb同位素组成和较窄的变化范围,暗示成矿过程中铅可能来自于同一的且较为均一的铅源,少量晚期样品仅表现为206Pb/204Pb的增大,指示后期流体可能通过淋滤作用加入了部分早沉淀的铀。通过与基底陈蔡群变质岩和磨石山群火山岩铅同位素组成对比发现,矿石具有与磨石山群火山岩一致的铅同位素组成和变化趋势。在铅构造模式和铅同位素Δγ-Δβ成因图解中矿石和火山岩均显示出造山带铅或地壳与地幔混合的俯冲带岩浆作用铅特征,这与华东南地区的火山岩成因上主要由中下地壳熔融,并不同程度加入了地幔组分的结果一致。这些证据表明火山岩铅为该矿床的主要铅源。     

江西德兴斑岩铜矿成矿物质来源同位素示踪

德兴斑岩铜矿铜厂和富家坞矿区样品中碳、硅、铜等同位素的分析研究表明:含矿菱铁矿中碳同位素δ13CPDB值近似于原始岩浆初始值;代表成矿同期样品的硅同位素组成δ30Si分布范围与该区岩浆岩的硅同位素组成相近,个别样品偏离代表岩浆岩的δ30Si分布范围;岩体中65Cu的早成矿阶段团块状黄铜矿铜同位素组成相对较高,而晚成矿阶段脉状黄铜矿铜同位素组成相对较低。结合前人硫同位素数据可知:德兴铜矿成矿物质主要来自花岗闪长斑岩岩体,少部分来自围岩。     

东天山康古尔金矿床成矿物源的同位素地球化学特征

康古尔金矿床属晚古生代火山岩区剪切带蚀变岩型金矿。同位素地球化学研究表明,矿石中铅为正常铅,热液系统硫同位素组成为陨石硫型,矿石中碳、钕同位素组成具深源特征,同时矿石与火山岩围岩中的Ｓｉ、Ｓｒ、Ｓ、Ｐｂ等同位素组成相近,说明成矿物质主要来自矿体围岩———火山岩,晚期有少量来自矿区附近的侵入岩。铅、锶同位素组成反映成矿过程中也有少量壳源物质的加入。     

北祁连山石居里铜矿硅、铅、硫同位素组成特征

石居里铜矿是北祁连山典型的塞浦路斯型铜矿。通过对矿石和围岩的硅、铅和硫同位素研究,作者认为,硅同位素组成δ^30Si(-0．9‰～-0．2‰)与火山岩的δ^30Si范围一致(落在火山岩范围内),由此可知是火山成因的产物。矿石中黄铁矿、黄铜矿的铅同位素组成同各矿区范围玄武岩的铅同位素组成相近,以此为线索结合Rona(1983)的试验规律,推断本区成矿金属主要来源于蚀变玄武岩。硫同位素δ^34S值变化于1．5‰～8．88‰。矿化剂硫来源于火山岩源与海水源的不同比例混合。     

陕西省大茅坪铜矿床火山岩与成矿关系研究

陕西省大茅坪铜矿床产于碧口群火山岩地层中，矿床的成因与成矿物质的来源均与火山岩相关。通过矿石和围岩微量元素，稀土元素、Sr和Pb同位素的示踪，认为矿床是喷流沉积的产物，成矿年龄与碧口群火山岩形成年龄相近，在1200Ma左右。矿石铅同位素特征显示大茅坪铜矿床有后期热液改靠成矿作用的参与这与地质认识相吻合，从而得出矿床成矿物主要来源于赋矿火山岩，在喷流沉积成矿的基础上，有后期变质流体的叠加改造，早先形成的矿质在一定范围内发生迁移和局部富集作用。     

红花沟金矿地质地球化学特征及成因探讨

红花沟金矿为含金硫化物石英脉型金矿床,主要容矿构造是NNW-SN和NNE-NE向构造裂隙,直接近矿围岩为斜长角闪岩和闪长玢岩.与钾长石化交代重熔花岗岩空间分布关系密切.岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素及Pb、Sr、S、C、O、H同位素地球化学研究表明,成矿物质可能源于基底太古宇绿岩建造,主要为含透辉斜长角闪岩及其重熔产物,而与中生代花岗岩、火山岩无明显的物质来源联系.为与太古宇绿岩建造有关的交代重熔岩浆热液成因,成矿具同源性,继承性和多期叠加之特征.     

阳山金矿床锶铅同位素组成特征与成矿物质来源

甘肃阳山金矿位于西秦岭造山带的陕甘川"金三角"地区,是我国最大的卡林型-类卡林型金矿床.本文研究了该矿床赋矿地层、岩浆岩、矿石以及碧口地体碧口群岩石的锶和铅同位素组成特征,获得成矿时的矿石硫化物、赋矿地层三河口群、中生代花岗斑岩、前寒武纪碧口群的锶同位素初始比值I_(Sr)范围分别是0.70798～0.71697,0.71382～0.72005,0.70918～0.71168,0.70344～0.71009.这些结果表明,初始成矿流体Isr值应低于赋矿地层、中生代花岗岩,可能主要由碧口地体变质脱水形成.成矿流体在上升过程中与高ISr值的赋矿地层三河口群发生水岩作用,流体I_(Sr)值增高;高I_(Sr)值的成矿流体与赋矿花岗斑岩脉再次发生水岩作用时,导致部分硫化物I_(Sr)值高于花岗斑岩I_(Sr)值.矿石硫化物~(206)Pb/~(204) Pb、~(207) Pb/~(204) Pb和~(204) Pb/~(204)Pb比值分别为17.552～18.759、15.576～15.928和37.894～39.293,变化范围大于赋矿地层三河口群和花岗斑岩,而与碧口群基本一致,反映了硫化物铅同位素组成主要继承了碧口群的特征,同样指示部分成矿物质来自碧口群.总之,碧口群是不可缺少的成矿流体和物质的来源之一,含碧口群的碧口地体在中生代沿勉略缝合带向北陆内俯冲到阳山矿田之下,在阳山矿田之下发生变质脱水作用,流体上升为成矿系统提供流体、成矿元素和热量.     

Origin of Bornite Pods in Intrusive Rocks at the Kingking Porphyry Copper-gold Deposit, Southeastern Mindanao, Philippines

At the Kingking porphyry copper-gold deposit, Compostela Valley, south-eastern Mindanao, Philippines, bornite pods occur in the brecciated parts in the biotite diorite porphyry, together with the volcanic rock and diorite fragments without associated stockworks of quartz veinlets. These pods are generally elongated in shape and measure several centimeters across their longest axes. They are composed of bornite and chalcopyrite with traces of calaverite. The δ³⁴S of bornite and subordinate chalcopyrite of bornite pods ranging from −2.2‰ to +0.1‰ are similar to the δ³⁴S of sulfides associated with quartz veinlets such as bornite and chalcopyrite ranging from −4.7‰ to ±0.0‰. This suggests that the ultimate source of sulfur is identical for bornite pods and sulfides associated with quartz veinlets. Bornite pods are associated with volcanic rock and dioritic fragments in the brecciated portion of the biotite diorite porphyry. It was observed that some dioritic fragments contain quartz veinlets, which may indicate an earlier episode of mineralization. Fragments of the earlier dioritic intrusive rocks and the volcanic rocks, together with the sulfides were incorporated into the biotite diorite porphyry magma. A molten sulfide is possible for the composition between bornite and intermediate solid solution at ∼800°C. The sulfides from the earlier dioritic intrusive rocks in the molten state were segregated and then eventually coalesce to form the bornite pods in the brecciated section of the biotite diorite porphyry.     

九十三沟金矿床地质特征

九十三沟金矿床产于延边复向斜北东端杜荒子-汪清中生代陆相火山断陷盆地东部的石英闪长斑岩内接触带角砾岩中,近南北向断裂构造控制金矿体的产出.成矿物质来自白垩纪浅成侵入体石英闪长斑岩,成矿热液为富含钾质的气水溶液.矿床属岩浆期后中低温热液型金矿床.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Huogeqi orefield located on the northern side of Mt. Langshan, Inner Mongolia occurs in the Middle Proterozoic Langshan Group metamorphic rocks, and the orebodies arc stratiform. In the past twenty years, many Chinese geologists have conducted researches on the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, but there has been still a controversy on its origin. Some advocate that the deposit is of sedimentary-metamorphic rcworking origin, some hold that it is of sea-floor SEDEX origin, and others have a preference for magmatic superimposition origin. The crux of the controversy is that there is no common understanding about the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, the Pb isotopic compositions of regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks, various types of sedimentary- metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in the mining district, Late Proterozoic and Hercynian magmatic rocks arc introduced and compared with the orc-lead composition, so as to constrain the source of the ore lead. The result indicates that （1） sulfides in the ores have homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, showing a narrow variation range. Their ^206pb/^204pb ratios arc within a range of 17.027- 17.317; ^207Pb/^204pb ratios, 15.451-15.786 and ^208Pb/^204pb ratios, 36.747-37.669; （2） the Pb isotopic compositions of the regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks arc characteristic of the old Pb isotopic composition at the early-stage evolution of the Earth, which varies over a wider range, reflecting significant differences in Pb isotopic compositions of the ores. All this indicates that the source of ore lead has no bearing on the basement rocks; （3） the sedimentary-metamorphic rocks in the mining district arc characterized by highly variable and more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions and their Pb isotopic ratios arc obviously higher than those of ores, demonstrating that ore lead did not result from metamorphic rcworking of these rocks; （4） Pb isotopic compositions of Late Proterozoic diorite-gabbro and Hercynian granite are higher than those of ores. Meanwhile, the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the small-sized strata-penetrating mineralized veinlets formed at later stages arc completely consistent with that of sulfides in stratiform-banded ores, suggesting that these veiniets arc the product of autochthonous rcworking of the stratiform-banded ores during the period of metamorphism and the late magmatic superimposition-mineralization can be excluded; （5） amphibolite, whose protolith is basic volcanic rocks, has the same Pb isotopic compositions as ores, implying that ore lead was derived probably from basic volcanism. So, the source of ore-forming materials for the Huogeqi deposit is like that of the volcanic massive sulfide （VMS） deposits. However, the orebodies do not occur directly within the volcanic rocks, and instead they overlie the volcanic rocks, showing some differences from those typical VMS-type deposits.     

新疆东天山康古尔塔格金矿带研究

通过矿床地质和Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ法，Ｕ－Ｐｂ法，＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ法，Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ法生代学及氢，氧，硫，碳，锶，铅等稳定同位素与流体包裹体研究，查明东天康古尔塔格金矿带中浅成低温热液型金矿，韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿及花岗岩有关的石英脉型金矿三者大地构造背景相同，成矿时代一致。成矿物质来源相似，流体包裹体成分类同，属同一成矿系列，三者之间主要是成矿地质环境不尽相同，成矿元素组合有差异，控矿构造不同，反映成矿     

Lead isotopic systematics for native copperchalcocite mineralization in basaltic lavas of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China： Implications for the source of copper

The Emeishan continental flood basalt, which is widespread in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces of Southwest China, is the volcanic product of a Permian mantle plume, and native copper-chalcocite mineralization associated with the basalt is very common in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. The mineralization occurred in the tuff intercalation and terrestrial sedimentary rock intercalation which were formed during the main period of basalt eruption. The orebodies are controlled by the stratigraphic position and faults. Metal ore minerals in the ores are mainly native copper, chalcocite and tenorite, with small amounts of chalcopyrite, bomite, pyrite and malachite, and sometimes with large amounts of bitumen, carbon and plant debris. Several decades of ore deposits are distributed in the neighboring areas of the two provinces, while most of them are small-scale deposits or only ore occurrences. By comparing the lead isotopic composition of the ores with that of the wall-rocks, cover and basement rocks of various periods, the source of copper in this type of ore deposits was studied in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The Pb isotopic composition of the ores from ten deposits is absolutely different from that of sili-ceous-argillaceus rocks of the Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation, limestones of the Lower Permian Series and Carboniferous, Cambrian sandstone-shale and recta-sedimentary rock and dolomite from the upper part of the Meso-Proterozoic Kunyang Group, This indicates that ore lead was derived neither from the cover rock nor from the basement rocks; (2) Although the Neo-Proterozoic Siman dolomite and silicalite, and dolomite in the lower part of the Kunyang Group are similar in Pb isotopic composition to the ores, lead and copper contents in these rocks are very low and they have not made great contributions to copper mineralization; (3) The ores have the same Pb iso-topic composition as the basalt, the latter being enriched in copper. These facts indicate that lead and copper were derived from the basalt. According to the regional geological data and the geological-geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits, it is suggested that ore-forming materials were leached out from the basalt. The thickness and buried depth of the basalt and regional tectonic dynamics can affect the formation of large-scale copper deposits. Therefore, exploration for this type of ore deposits should be conducted in the areas from western Yunnan to western Sichuan, where there are developed basalts of great thickness, with extensive tectonic movement and magmatic activity.     

热液矿床石英铅同位素组成及其地质意义

作者以若尔盖铀矿床为例，研究了含矿热液形成的石英脉石英的铅同位素组成，并将其作为联系母源铅同位素组成的桥梁，判别铀的来源。结果表明，矿床中石英铅同位素组成与含矿黄铁矿和中酸性构造－岩浆成因的花岗岩铅同位素组成具线性演化关系。由此提出含矿热液中的铀来自中酸性构造－岩浆岩而不是地层岩石的新见解，同时提出利用热液石英铅同位素组成判别非放射性矿床成矿元素来源的可能性。