Gravimetric data management at BGI

Acquisition and distribution of very large sets of digitized gravity data have led BGI to develop its own data base management software. The procedures for the integration of new data, the evaluation and retrieval techniques are depicted enhancing the use of an interactive graphic terminal. Different kinds of output products available from BGI are described. Presented at International Symposium on Management of Geodetic Data, Copenhagen, August 24–26, 1981.     

陆地重力精化技术软件平台的设计与实现

陆地重力精化技术是精确重力场信息、提供重力场应用保障的关键技术手段。介绍了陆地重力精化技术软件平台的设计思想和主要功能并对各部分涉及的关键技术进行了分析与阐述。软件平台由重力场数据处理、重力场数据应用与分析以及重力场数据可视化3部分组成。实现了重力观测数据的数据库管理,重力场数据处理的自动化,野外重力测量布点仿真和重力场信息的图形可视化等功能。     

Digitized global land-sea map and access software

A computer-efficient global data file, which contains digitized information that enables identification of a given latitude/longitude defined point as over land or over water, was generated from a data base which defines the world's shoreline. The method used in the generation of this land-sea boundary data map and its data structure are discussed. The data file was originally generated on a Control Data Corporation(CDC) computer, but it has been transported to other computer systems, includingIBM, DEC/VAX, UNIVAC and Cray computers. The land-sea boundary map also includes information on islands and inland lakes. The resolution of this map is 5′×5′ or an equivalent of9 km square surface blocks at the equator. The software to access this data base is structured to be easily transportable to different computers. This data base was used in the generation of the Seasat Geophysical Data Record(GDR) to identify whether a spaceborne radar altimeter measurement was over-land or over-ocean.     

基于CORS基准站的地质灾害监测技术研究

采用高精度的数据处理软件对CORS基准站不间断、实时的观测数据进行处理与分析,结合大气、地表水及海平面变化等观测资料,研究地面水平和垂直形变、地面重力的变化.通过挖掘CORS基准站网监测地质灾害灾变过程的潜力,提升地质灾害监测预警能力,推进地质灾害预警向定量化、实用化方向发展,为浙江省重大工程建设和形变安全运营等提供支持.     

The establishment of a calibration standard for gravimeters in Eastern Canada and the United States

A program of gravimeter measurements for the establishment of a suitable gravity standard in eastern Canada and United States is described. It is shown that the consistency of nine independent measurements of the gravity differences between stations forming a north-south line from Ottawa to Washington is highly satisfactory and that this line is suitable for calibration purposes. The gravity differences depend fundamentally upon a gravimeter calibration made against values of gravity at Cambridge pendulum stations in Canada. Communication présentée à l'Assemblée Générale de Toronto (1957).     

应用抗差估计理论分析2000国家重力基本网

应用抗差估计理论，结合2000国家重力基本网的实际数据。通过大量的试算对2000国家重力基本网的数据进行分析比较，提出了符合2000国家重力基本网平差计算的抗差估计方法。     

On the accuracy of modified Stokes's integration in high-frequency gravimetric geoid determination

 Two numerical techniques are used in recent regional high-frequency geoid computations in Canada: discrete numerical integration and fast Fourier transform. These two techniques have been tested for their numerical accuracy using a synthetic gravity field. The synthetic field was generated by artificially extending the EGM96 spherical harmonic coefficients to degree 2160, which is commensurate with the regular 5^′ geographical grid used in Canada. This field was used to generate self-consistent sets of synthetic gravity anomalies and synthetic geoid heights with different degree variance spectra, which were used as control on the numerical geoid computation techniques. Both the discrete integration and the fast Fourier transform were applied within a 6^∘ spherical cap centered at each computation point. The effect of the gravity data outside the spherical cap was computed using the spheroidal Molodenskij approach. Comparisons of these geoid solutions with the synthetic geoid heights over western Canada indicate that the high-frequency geoid can be computed with an accuracy of approximately 1 cm using the modified Stokes technique, with discrete numerical integration giving a slightly, though not significantly, better result than fast Fourier transform. Received: 2 November 1999 / Accepted: 11 July 2000     

Applications of downward-continuation in gravimetric geoid modeling: case studies in Western Canada

The objective of this study is to evaluate two approaches, which use different representations of the Earth’s gravity field for downward continuation (DC), for determining Helmert gravity anomalies on the geoid. The accuracy of these anomalies is validated by 1) analyzing conformity of the two approaches; and 2) converting them to geoid heights and comparing the resulting values to GPS-leveling data. The first approach (A) consists of evaluating Helmert anomalies at the topography and downward-continuing them to the geoid. The second approach (B) downward-continues refined Bouguer anomalies to the geoid and transforms them to Helmert anomalies by adding the condensed topographical effect. Approach A is sensitive to the DC because of the roughness of the Helmert gravity field. The DC effect on the geoid can reach up to 2 m in Western Canada when the Stokes kernel is used to convert gravity anomalies to geoid heights. Furthermore, Poisson’s equation for DC provides better numerical results than Moritz’s equation when the resulting geoid models are validated against the GPS-leveling. On the contrary, approach B is significantly less sensitive to the DC because of the smoothness of the refined Bouguer gravity field. In this case, the DC (Poisson’s and Moritz’s) contributes only at the decimeter level to the geoid model in Western Canada. The maximum difference between the geoid models from approaches A and B is about 5 cm in the region of interest. The differences may result from errors in the DC such as numerical instability. The standard deviations of the h−H−N for both approaches are about 8 cm at the 664 GPS-leveling validation stations in Western Canada.     

基于规则驱动的土地变更调查数据库质检软件开发与应用

依据土地变更调查入库标准设计质检规则库,利用Arc GIS Data Reviewer搭建式开发了土地变更调查数据库质检软件,实现了自动化、可定制、可视化检查,解决了国家质检软件无法在数据采集、处理阶段进行检查,只能在建库完成后进行检查的弊端。     

Canadian gravimetric geoid model 2010

A new gravimetric geoid model, Canadian Gravimetric Geoid 2010 (CGG2010), has been developed to upgrade the previous geoid model CGG2005. CGG2010 represents the separation between the reference ellipsoid of GRS80 and the Earth’s equipotential surface of $W_0=62{,}636{,}855.69~\mathrm{m}^2\mathrm{s}^{-2}$ W 0 = 62 , 636 , 855.69 m 2 s ? 2 . The Stokes–Helmert method has been re-formulated for the determination of CGG2010 by a new Stokes kernel modification. It reduces the effect of the systematic error in the Canadian terrestrial gravity data on the geoid to the level below 2 cm from about 20 cm using other existing modification techniques, and renders a smooth spectral combination of the satellite and terrestrial gravity data. The long wavelength components of CGG2010 include the GOCE contribution contained in a combined GRACE and GOCE geopotential model: GOCO01S, which ranges from $-20.1$ ? 20.1 to 16.7 cm with an RMS of 2.9 cm. Improvement has been also achieved through the refinement of geoid modelling procedure and the use of new data. (1) The downward continuation effect has been accounted accurately ranging from $-22.1$ ? 22.1 to 16.5 cm with an RMS of 0.9 cm. (2) The geoid residual from the Stokes integral is reduced to 4 cm in RMS by the use of an ultra-high degree spherical harmonic representation of global elevation model for deriving the reference Helmert field in conjunction with a derived global geopotential model. (3) The Canadian gravimetric geoid model is published for the first time with associated error estimates. In addition, CGG2010 includes the new marine gravity data, ArcGP gravity grids, and the new Canadian Digital Elevation Data (CDED) 1:50K. CGG2010 is compared to GPS-levelling data in Canada. The standard deviations are estimated to vary from 2 to 10 cm with the largest error in the mountainous areas of western Canada. We demonstrate its improvement over the previous models CGG2005 and EGM2008.     

基于地理国情普查数据的空间规划底图智能编制处理系统研究与实现

2015年6月,全国已完成地理国情普查数据的采集、处理与底图制作等工作。本文基于地理国情普查数据,探讨利用普查数据成果完成空间规划底图的快速智能编制工作,基于研究成果完成空间规划底图智能编制处理系统的设计与开发,为空间规划底图编制的快速化、智能化需求提供一种新的解决思路。     

利用Abel-Poisson径向基函数模型化局部重力场

多种类型高分辨率重力场数据的不断增加,使得在局部范围内精化重力场模型成为了可能。本文采用Abel-Poisson核将重力场量表示成有限个径向基函数线性求和的形式,对局部区域的多种重力场数据进行联合建模。为了提高运算速度,运用了基于自适应精化格网算法的最小均方根误差准则(RMS)来求解径向基函数平均带宽。以南海核心地区为例,联合两种不同类型、不同分辨率的重力场资料(大地水准面起伏6'×6'、重力异常2'×2'),构建了局部区域高分辨率的重力场模型。所建模型表示的重力场参量达到了2'×2'的分辨率,对原始的重力异常数据(2'×2')拟合的符合程度达到±0.8×10-5m/s2。结果表明,利用径向基函数方法进行局部重力场建模,避免了球谐函数建模收敛慢的问题,有效提高了模型表示重力场的分辨率。     

基于Android系统的重力仪数据采集及计算软件开发

针对目前重力测量数据处理软件多是基于Windows系统,而这与携带Android移动设备相比多有不便的问题,该文提出了一种基于Android系统的重力数据采集及计算软件的开发。按照国家重力测量规范,针对CG-5型相对重力仪,设计研发了一款基于Android系统平台的重力数据采集及计算软件,较好地方便了用户野外携带。其具有新建、打开测线、数据采集处理、点之记拍照、导航定位、数据查询、信息标定、CG-5数据文档读取、报表生成等功能。在数据处理模块的传统改正项中,新增了海潮负荷改正和地下水变化改正,减少了误差项。通过将软件用于实地重力测量计算,证实该软件运行流畅、结果正确,提高了相对重力测量内外业一体化效率。     

Geospatial Application in the Study of Beach Placer along the Coast of Gulf of Mannar,India

Abstract

Geospatial analysis of marine mineral placer deposits along the Gulf of Mannar is attempted. This study develops a method for the spatial anlaysis of data using geographical information system (GIS). Specifically, creating attribute data base structure, data encoding, data interpolation, and view shed analysis are attempted to delineate the opaque and garnet occurrences in the beach sediments. Data integration including the creation of digital files using TNT Mips software is performed. The interpolation of the spaced data is achieved by inverse distance weighed interpolation to define the zone of heavy mineral enrichment. This study has established the digital elevation model (DEM) capability to identify the potential beach placer zones in the study area.     

卫星重力测量数据处理软件系统的设计

介绍了自主开发的卫星重力测量数据处理软件GRASTAR,给出了该软件的整体设计框架和功能。该软件主要采用动力学法实现,应用CHAMP卫星和GRACE卫星的观测数据反演地球重力场模型。利用模拟方法验证了该软件的正确性,并利用GRASTAR处理了126 d的CHAMP卫星数据,解算出直到40阶次重力场模型的初步结果。     

船载重力测量数据不同测区系统偏差纠正方法研究

分析了我国近海海域船载重力测量数据特征,并提出了消除不同测区之间重力测线上重力异常存在系统偏差的方案。提出了参考线的选择标准,利用参考测线上交叉点处的残差重力异常不符值,纠正其他测线重力异常的新思路。结果表明,对测线重力进行纠正后,不同测区的重力值不存在系统偏差,交叉点处不符值明显改善,测线上纠正后重力异常明显优于纠正前的重力异常。     

Absolute gravity measurements on the canadian gravity standardization network

Summary Absolute measurements of gravity have been made at 6 locations ranging from Ottawa, Ont., in southern Canada, to Alert, N.W.T., the world's most northerly permanent settlement, as part of a program to provide scale and level for the Canadian Gravity Standardization Network (CGSN). Except at Resolute, N.W.T., CGSN-74 gravity values, upon which our gravity reductions are currently based, agree with the absolute gravity meter results to within about .25µm/s². The scale of our CGSN-80 gravity network, upon which our spring-balance type gravity meter scale constants are derived, agrees with the scale defined by the absolute gravity measurements to within about one part in ten thousand.     

地球重力场模型正演计算软件系统的设计

本文介绍了自主开发的地球重力场模型正演（计算高程异常、重力异常、垂线偏差等）计算软件—EGMCAL,给出了该软件的整体设计框架和功能。利用GFZ（德国地学中心）研制的相关软件验证了该软件的正确性,并利用EGMCAL对我国东部某大桥高程控制网数据进行了处理,得出三种精度最高的模型在此区域的计算结果。     

地球重力场参数计算程序的设计与应用

根据地球重力场参数的计算模型,借助全球地球重力场模型EGM2008,利用Microsoft Visual Studio 2010面向对象的功能,设计和开发了可以计算任意点重力异常、高程异常、垂线偏差分量的计算程序,以德国地学中心(GFZ)研制的相关软件对程序的正确性进行了验证,以吉林省各城市的经纬度数据计算了对应的重力异常、高程异常、垂线偏差分量。     

利用重力资料研究华北地区构造应力场

本文结合相关数据、模型和软件分别利用重力场、重力垂线偏差与构造应力场的内在关系式对华北地区陆地构造应力值进行了计算,通过对相关数据结果进行对比分析,总结并得出了华北地区重力总水平梯度、构造应力场和研究方法本身的一些规律和特征。