A digital correlative accumulation and its application to underwater acoustic telemetry,telecontrol and remote sensing

A specific digital time correlative accumulation has been developed. It is an adaptable scheme of signal processing for underwater acoustic technology used in telemetry., telecontrol and some remote sensing. Its basic principle is here introduced and the prospects for successful use in an acoustic channel with multipath, time-space variables and high noise level are amply discussed. The performances of this scheme are analysed. The digital time auto-correlative accumulation has been used in two types of acoustic releases, and the cross-correlative accumulation has been used in a shallow water targets telementer. There are some advantageous performances with these devices, for example, the effective range of release can reach about 4 nautical miles in a much complex shallow water area such as that in Xiamen Harbor where the depth ranges from 3 to 30 m, and the targets telemeter can normally keep working in even shallower water area.     

STUDY ON FREQUENCY CODING ANTI—INTERFERENCE SYSTEM FOR DATA TRANSMISSION IN SHALLOW WATER ACOUSTIC CHANNELS

Achieving reliable underwater communication in shallow water acoustic channels is a difficult because of the random time-varying nature of multipath propagation,severe amplitude fluctuation,and spatial variability of the channel conditions.This paper describes a new signal processing technique-frequency coding and decoding by means of real-time measurement of signal width,jamming and suppressing multipath interference and using redundant coder.The application of the technique to thd model ZTY-1 status monitor for underwater system of seabed is introduced in this paper.The main principle,the technique specifications and the key techniques of the system are discussed here.Theoretical estimations and experimental results proved that the performance of the system is excellent.The method can be used for some other related low-data-rate data transmission detecting in shallow water acoustic channel.     

Detection of PPM acoustic Pulse in shallow sea channels

mODUCTIONInacoustictelemeteringofocean~ers(suchasCTD-salinity,teInpethe,anddePth),theirmagnitudesvapslowlyinthelindtedobservaionhme,sothetelemetwsystemsoPerateatlowsPeedandlDwinfonnaioncontents,andPulsePOsitionmallation(PPM)iscornmonlyusedtocaptheinfOnnaion.PPMInakesatimeintervalTbetweenthereferencePulseP.andtheinfOnnationpulsePivnydirecilywiththeSaInlingvalueV,asshowninFig.l.SincetheParamtermagnitUdevariesslowly,thePPMinfonna-tiondriSaInlingrePeatedlyinashorttimeisatalnofPuls…     

Matched-field inversion of sound speed profile in shallow water using a parallel genetic algorithm

A sound speed profile plays an important role in shallow water sound propagation. Concurrent with in-situ measurements, many inversion methods, such as matched-field inversion, have been put forward to invert the sound speed profile from acoustic signals. However, the time cost of matched-field inversion may be very high in replica field calculations. We studied the feasibility and robustness of an acoustic tomography scheme with matched-field processing in shallow water, and described the sound speed profile by empirical orthogonal functions. We analyzed the acoustic signals from a vertical line array in ASIAEX2001 in the East China Sea to invert sound speed profiles with estimated empirical orthogonal functions and a parallel genetic algorithm to speed up the inversion. The results show that the inverted sound speed profiles are in good agreement with conductivity-temperature-depth measurements. Moreover, a posteriori probability analysis is carried out to verify the inversion results.     

Sound propagation in two-axis underwater channel based on beam-displacement ray-mode theory

Sound propagation in a deep ocean two-axis underwater channel is often complex and difficult to simulate between surface channel and sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel. The beam-displacement ray-mode (BDRM) theory is a normal mode method for propagation modeling in horizontally stratified shallow water. An improved method for computing the upper boundary reflection coefficient in the BDRM is proposed and applied to calculate the acoustic fields of a two-axis underwater channel. Transmission losses in the two-axis underwater channel are calculated in the new BDRM. The corresponding results are in good agreement with those from the Kraken code, and furthermore the computed speed of the new BDRM excels the other methods.     

Study on anti-noise scheme for detecting PPM information in shallow water channels

INTRODUCTIONThemultipatheffect,signalfluctuation (Huangetal.,1 998a,b) ,andnoiselevelinshallowwaterchannelshinderdetectionofpulsepositionmodulation (PPM)information .Thispaperdis cussesmarinenoisehindrancetoprecisedetectionofPPMinformation ,andpresentssomefeasiblecountermeasurestosuppressnoiseinterferenceeffectively .Itiswellknowneffectivedetectionofinformationbyareceivingsystemiscruciallydependentonthesignal to noiseratio(SNR) .Asrelativelyhighnoiselevelexistsinshallowwateracousticch…     

DESIGN OF MODULATION AND COMPRESSION CODING IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC IMAGE TRANSMISSION

This paper describes the design of modulation, compression coding and transmission control in underwater acoustic color image transmission system. This design adapts a special system of modulation and transmission control based on a DSP(Digital Signal Processing) chip, to cope with the complex underwater acoustic channel. The hardware block diagram and software flow chart are presented.     

Geoacoustic inversion for sediments in the South China Sea based on a hybrid inversion scheme

We performed a long range acoustic propagation experiment in the South China Sea (SCS) in November 2004. The environment of the experiment was with an isothermal sound speed profile, where influence of water volume fluctuation was small, meaning that bottom parameters can be well estimated from acoustic signals. We inverted the acoustic parameters of sediment by using a hybrid inversion scheme that combines the matched field processing inversion with Hamilton sediment empirical relationship and transmission loss data. The numerical results show excellent agreement with the experiment data, indicating validity of the inverted parameters.     

基于GNSS的单波束测深系统在大中型水库水下地形测量中的应用

随着水库在经济社会发展中所起的作用日趋明显,对水库的开发、治理更加重视,获取高精度的水库水下地形数据变得更加急迫.随着测深技术、差分GNSS技术以及姿态传感器的不断发展,基于GNSS的测深系统为水下地形测量提供了全新的解决方案.通过合理规划测线,经过声速改正、吃水改正,利用船载GNSS导航定位和测深仪采集测深数据,经转...     

Underwater topography detection of Taiwan Shoal with SAR images

Under suitable conditions of tidal current and wind, underwater topography can be detected by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) indirectly. Underwater topography SAR imaging includes three physical processes: radar ocean surface backscattering, the modulation of sea surface short wave spectrum by the variations in sea surface currents, and the modulation of sea surface currents by the underwater topography. The first process is described usually by Bragg scattering theory because the incident angle of SAR is always between 20°–70°. The second process is described by the action balance equation. The third process is described by an ocean hydrodynamic model. Based on the SAR imaging mechanism for underwater topography, an underwater topography SAR detection model and a simplified method for its calculation are introduced. In the detection model, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model — the shallow water model is used to describe the motion of tidal current. Due to the difficulty of determining the expression of SAR backscattering cross section in which some terms can not be determined, the backscattering cross section of SAR image used in the underwater topography SAR detection is pro-processed by the simulated SAR image of the coarse-grid water depth to simplify the calculation. Taiwan Shoal, located at the southwest outlet of Taiwan Strait, is selected as an evaluation area for this technique due to the occurrence of hundreds of sand waves. The underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal was detected by two scenes of ERS-2 SAR images which were acquired on 9 January 2000 and 6 June 2004. The detection results are compared with in situ measured water depths for three profiles. The average absolute and relative errors of the best detection result are 2.23 m and 7.5 %, respectively. These show that the detection model and the simplified method introduced in the paper is feasible.     

Matched field localization based on CS-MUSIC algorithm

The problem caused by shortness or excessiveness of snapshots and by coherent sources in underwater acoustic positioning is considered. A matched field localization algorithm based on CS-MUSIC (Compressive Sensing Multiple Signal Classification) is proposed based on the sparse mathematical model of the underwater positioning. The signal matrix is calculated through the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) of the observation matrix. The observation matrix in the sparse mathematical model is replaced by the signal matrix, and a new concise sparse mathematical model is obtained, which means not only the scale of the localization problem but also the noise level is reduced; then the new sparse mathematical model is solved by the CS-MUSIC algorithm which is a combination of CS (Compressive Sensing) method and MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) method. The algorithm proposed in this paper can overcome effectively the difficulties caused by correlated sources and shortness of snapshots, and it can also reduce the time complexity and noise level of the localization problem by using the SVD of the observation matrix when the number of snapshots is large, which will be proved in this paper.     

Review of research on sonar imaging technology in China

Over the past 20 years, sonar imaging technology particularly for the high-technology sector has been a focus of research, in which many developed countries, especially those with coast lines, have been competing with each other. It has seen a rapid development with increasing widespread applications that has played an important and irreplaceable role in underwater exploration with great prospects for social, economic, scientific, and military benefits. The fundamental techniques underlying sonar imaging, including multi-beamforming, synthetic-aperture and inverse synthetic-aperture sonar, acoustic lensing, and acoustical holography, are described in this paper. This is followed by a comprehensive and systematic review on the advantages and disadvantages of these imaging techniques, applicability conditions, development trends, new ideas, new methods, and improvements in old methods over recent years with an emphasis on the situation in China, along with a bold and constructive prediction to some development characteristics of sonar imaging technology in the near future in China. The perspectives presented in this paper are offered with the idea of providing some degree of guidance and promotion of research on sonar imaging technology.     

Construction of a genomic DNA library with a TA vector and its application in cloning of the phytoene synthase gene from the cyanobacteriumSpirulina platensis M-135

INTRODUCTIONThesignalproaningschemeofmostpnsentsonarsyStasuChaseChosounder,fishfinder,etc.,deteCtsthesignaIsaanrdingt0theamPlitudethasholdafterthefilter.However,inacomplicatalandfrequenhychangingunderotCfacousticalchanne,thesta-bilityandreiabilityofthiskindofsonarsySteIndroeshamlyasanysySthenoisewhleadt0anindedion.AmplitudefaderesultingfromstrongsignalfluCtuationcauseslossofdata.InsomesyStetnS,suchasndnelocatingsonar,highrangingamCyisneded,soasinglededionschernecann0tadapttoit.Resul…     

浅地震剖面揭露南秦岭隐伏断裂特征——以丹江断裂为例

采用浅层地震反射勘探方法对南秦岭构造带内丹江断裂进行地球物理勘探,通过数据处理与分析,获取包括断裂在隐伏区的几何展布形态、上断点埋深及断层性质在内的高分辨率浅地震剖面;对部分测线的地震剖面成果与钻孔资料进行对比验证解译。研究表明,浅地震反射对该区域隐伏探测行之有效,该方法可为隐伏活动断层探测提供参考。     

Tests of new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system in Qingdao

A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties （compressional wave velocity and attenuation）. The new in-situ system consists of two parts： the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.     

浅层地震反射波资料处理在微型计算机上的实现

本文对浅层反射资料的常规处理在微机(Dual 68000。和IBM PC/XT)上的实现做一简单介绍.由于方法原理众所周知,因此只就处理模块的功能和特点以及实际应用作一讨论,并对目前我教研室浅层地震资料处理的软件开发工作和设想作一介绍.     

三维地震勘探在湖泊等浅水系地表条件下的应用效果分析

介绍了在湖泊浅滩及养殖区密集的浅水系地表条件下开展三维地震勘探的主要特点和难点,并提出了具有针对性的技术措施,从而保证了野外数据采集和资料处理的质量。通过对三维地震勘探的野外数据采集、资料处理的总结和地质成果的验证,说明了三维地震在湖泊和鱼塘密集区等地表为浅水系地区取得较好勘探效果,并为今后地表复杂地区的三维地震勘探工作提供了借鉴经验。     

Prediction for potential landslide zones using seismic amplitude in Liwan gas field,northern South China Sea

The Liwan (Lw) gas field located in the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS) is extremely complex for its sea-floor topograghy, which is a huge challenge for the safety of subsea facilities. It is economically impractical to obtain parameters for risk assessment of slope stability through a large amount of sampling over the whole field. The linkage between soil shear strength and seabed peak amplitude derived from 2D/3D seismic data is helpful for understanding the regional slope-instability risk. In this paper, the relationships among seabed peak, acoustic impedance and shear strength of shallow soil in the study area were discussed based on statistical analysis results. We obtained a similar relationship to that obtained in other deep-water areas. There is a positive correlation between seabed peak amplitude and acoustic impedance and an exponential relationship between acoustic impedance and shear strength of sediment. The acoustic impedance is the key factor linking the seismic amplitude and shear strength. Infinite slope stability analysis results indicate the areas have a high potential of shallow landslide on slopes exceeding 15° when the thickness of loose sediments exceeds 8 m in the Lw gas field. Our prediction shows that they are mainly located in the heads and walls of submarine canyons.     

南水北调中线工程地震浅反资料的处理

浅层工程物探中 ,地震浅反勘探因其优点颇多而具广阔的应用范围。具体工作中 ,道间距及偏移距的选择是外业工作的关键 ,滤波参数选择、目的层识别和正确的数据处理是内业资料解释的关键。该文介绍了南水北调中线工程地震浅反资料的处理及所用软件存在的若干问题     

ROV based underwater blurred image restoration

1　Introduction　TheROV (RemoteOperatedVehicle)isakindofsystemthatcanbeusedforunderwatermeasurementanddetection (Caimi,1996 ;KevernandLeGall,1991) .Inthispaper ,theirradianceofthelightre flectedbythetargetthroughwaterbodiesindifferentconditionsissimulatedbyacomputer .Underdiffer entwaterconditions,therelationbetweentheirradi anceandthedistanceispresented .Thenthemaxi mumdetectiondistanceofthedetectorcanbeob tained .WealsorestoretheunderwaterblurryimagesusingtheWienerfilterbasedonthesimula…