大泽山葡萄产地生态地球化学特征

调查了大泽山葡萄产地地球化学环境,研究了土壤、植株及植株中元素迁移富集规律。结果表明,土壤元素有效量与葡萄植株元素含量有一定的相关性,叶片与叶柄中元素有很好的相关性。不同葡萄品种间植株中个别元素含量有显著的差异,叶片、叶柄元素含量均远远高于果实。元素在植株和葡萄中的分布,只与元素性质有关,与葡萄品种无关。大泽山葡萄园土壤达到了国家果园土壤环境质量一级标准。土壤中镁与钙的有效量分别与葡萄酸度和甜度密切相关。     

新安江流域土壤元素地球化学特征：来自岩石建造类型的约束

成土母岩是土壤形成发育的物质基础,其岩石建造类型为土壤的元素地球化学特征提供重要约束。针对新安江流域各类岩石建造发育的土壤,以小流域为调查单元开展了生态地球化学调查,系统开展了不同地质背景下不同层位的土壤及相应母岩的对比研究,获取了该流域主要岩石建造土壤层、成土母质层以及成土母岩等介质中的主量元素、养分元素、重金属元素及其他有益元素的分布及分配特征。结果表明：各类元素在同一土壤-成土母质-成土母岩体系中的地球化学特征表现出一致性,除部分主量元素及pH值在不同岩石建造发育的土壤中存在较小差异外,大部分元素在新安江流域土壤中的组成及分布显著受其成土母岩的岩石建造类型控制。其中,黑色岩系及碳酸盐岩发育的土壤与全区背景差异最大,显著富集Cd、Cu、Se、Mo等亲硫元素,存在一定的环境质量风险;红层发育的土壤普遍缺乏N、P、有机质等养分元素,火山岩与侵入岩发育的土壤普遍富K元素,碎屑岩与变质岩发育的土壤元素地球化学特征与全流域背景差异较小。     

山东省东部地区土壤地球化学基准值与背景值及元素富集特征研究

以山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查取得的区域土壤地球化学数据为依据,研究了区内54种元素或指标的土壤地球化学基准值和背景值与全国土壤的差异.通过对比区内土壤基准值与背景值的变化,认为本区大部分元素或指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了成土母质,后期人类活动对其影响较小,Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Se、S、P、N和OrgC...     

内蒙古鄂伦春旗土壤钼元素的分布特征及主要影响因素

钼元素是动植物生长必需的微量元素,生命体中的钼元素直接或间接来自土壤.依据内蒙古自治区鄂伦春旗东部主要耕地区1：25万土地质量地球化学调查项目所采集的土壤样品分析数据,对研究区内表层土壤钼含量进行了营养等级评价.鄂伦春旗东部地区土壤钼含量普遍达到丰富级以上.同时分析了地球化学指标、土壤类型、成土母质等对土壤钼含量的影响.认为钼含量在pH值为5～7之间时随pH增大而减小;在有机质含量20×10^-3～140×10^-3时,随有机质含量增加而减少.认为暗棕壤及其对应的成土母质为本区提供了钼的来源;提出了研究区内土壤钼主要来源于基岩风化的结论.     

岩石—土壤—铁芒萁系统中稀土元素的分布、迁移和累积

在赣南非稀土矿区和四处不同稀土矿区内取样,用ICP-MS法测定岩石-土壤-铁芒萁系统中15个稀土元素的含量,并对其分布、迁移、累积特征进行了研究。结果表明:稀土元素在岩石、土壤各层含量由高到低的顺序为C(心土层)>A(表土层)>B(底土层)>D(成土母岩);在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是:轻稀土元素含量为叶>根>茎>叶柄;重稀土元素含量为根>叶>茎>叶柄;稀土元素演化、迁移的难易是由稀土元素的重轻所决定的;岩-土-芒萁系统各环节间稀土元素的含量模式基本相似,表征元素在岩石→土壤→植物大系统中存在着向量(非均衡性)关系。     

华东多目标区域地球化学调查区土壤常量元素地球化学特征

为了研究土壤常量元素来源及分布特征,分析了华东多目标地球化学调查区表层土壤和深层土壤常量元素质量分数的关系,以及不同成土母质发育的土壤常量元素质量分数之间的相互关系。结果显示：在该地区表层土壤和深层土壤中,常量元素存在显著相关性,质量分数比值为0.75～1.04,说明该区域表层土壤常量元素与深层土壤属于同一物质来源,主要来源于成土母质;常量元素在不同地质单元区土壤质量分数的高低及变异系数的大小除了成土母质原因,元素自身地球化学性质也是其主要影响因素;元素之间相关性及因子分析很好地区分出了在该地区成土过程中元素共生组合特征,即CaO-MgO-Na₂O、Al₂O₃-TFe₂O₃-K₂O、SiO₂3个组合。通过分析可以得出在该地区表层土壤常量元素对成土母质有良好继承性,因此能够利用表层土壤元素组合特征和质量分数高低在一定程度上辨别该地区土壤的成土母质岩性、来源和土壤机械组成。     

地球化学方法在耕地质量评价中的应用及其意义

耕地质量地球化学评价通过了解和分析土壤中的营养元素、有益元素、有害元素在岩石—成土母质—土壤及农作物中分布、分配、转化、迁移、富集(贫化)的规律。评价成果应用于耕地分等定级、基本农田划定、土地整治和农业生产活动。笔者研究以地球化学方法评价耕地质量,这对种植作物的调整、农业产出的提高、农业规划等方面都具有重要的社会意义和经济效益。     

新疆哈密五堡地区大枣、葡萄种植区农业地球化学特征初探

农业地质背景由基础地质背景(成土母岩)、土壤背景和农业地球化学背景 3 个相互依赖的部分组成.通过对五堡地区大枣、葡萄的特色农业地球化学背景研究,结果表明成土母岩是影响土壤微量元素的首要因素,其微量元素含量分布和共生组合关系具明显的继承性,大枣、葡萄生长所必须的元素除从空气和水中获得 C、H、O 外,各种矿质营养元素主要通过根系直接从土壤及成土母岩中吸取.该区具大枣、葡萄名特优产品产出的最佳农业生态地质环境,含丰富的 Zn、Ca、Mg、K、P 等主要元素,毒性元素 Cd、Pb、Hg 含量极低,是无公害的天然绿色保健品产区,应在该区全面开展农业地质调查,为特色无公害农产品生产,提供科学依据.     

地球化学方法在耕地质量评价中的应用及其意义

耕地质量地球化学评价通过了解和分析土壤中的营养元素、有益元素、有害元素在岩石—成土母质—土壤及农作物中分布、分配、转化、迁移、富集(贫化)的规律。评价成果应用于耕地分等定级、基本农田划定、土地整治和农业生产活动。笔者研究以地球化学方法评价耕地质量,这对种植作物的调整、农业产出的提高、农业规划等方面都具有重要的社会意义和经济效益。     

山东省东部地区土壤地球化学特征及污染评价

以山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查取得的区域土壤地球化学数据为依据,研究了区内54种元素或指标的土壤地球化学基准值和背景值与全国土壤的差异。通过对比区内土壤基准值与背景值的变化,认为本区大部分元素或指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了成土母质,后期人类活动对其影响较小,Zn、Pb、Cu、Se、Cd、S、P、Hg、N、OrgC等元素或指标在表生作用或人类活动等因素影响下,其分布分配特征产生明显变化。本文通过对表层和深层土壤元素相关系数的研究,认为深层土壤元素地球化学含量可表征表层土壤原始沉积的地球化学含量;讨论了人为活动导致土壤污染的评价方法,莱州—招远—烟台和牟平—乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带表层土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Zn、Se、S等元素污染严重。地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、工业生产、城市人口密集生活等)的共同作用,是造成环境中有害元素含量较高的主要原因。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.