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1.
Hend Ahmed Ibrahim Hussein Adam Ricka Tomas Kuchovsky Maged Mostafa El Osta 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(7):170
The demand for water is rapidly increasing in Egypt, because of high population and agriculture production growth rate, which makes research of water resources necessary. The regional multi-aquifer system of the Miocene–Pleistocene age is discharged in Wadi El Natrun area. Intensive aquifer overexploitation and agricultural development in the area are related to groundwater quality deterioration. Hydrochemical and hydrogeological data was evaluated to determine the groundwater origin and quality in the south-eastern part of wadi, which appears to be more significant for water supply owing to lower groundwater salinity. The dominance of the high mineralised Cl groundwater type was found; however, also less mineralised SO4 and HCO3 types were identified there. Based on the ion relations, halite and gypsum dissolution and ion exchange are the most important hydrochemical processes forming the groundwater chemical composition. The Cl dominated groundwater matches the discharge part of the regional hydrogeological system. Contrary, the presence of HCO3 and SO4 hydrochemical types corresponds to the infiltration and transferring parts of the hydrogeological system indicating the presence of zones conducting low mineralised groundwater. The discharge area of the over-pumped aquifer in Wadi El-Natrun lies 23 m beneath the sea level with the shoreline being at the distance of 100 km, thus there is a real risk of seawater intrusion. Using the hydrochemical facies evolution diagram, four samples in the centre of the discharge area indicate advanced seawater intrusion. The zones of the highest demand for groundwater quality protection were indicated based on a spatial pattern of hydrogeochemical composition. 相似文献
2.
Groundwater salinization processes in shallow coastal aquifer of Djeffara plain of Medenine, Southeastern Tunisia 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Rim Trabelsi Kamel Abid Kamel Zouari Houcine Yahyaoui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(2):641-653
Urban and industrial development and the expansion of irrigated agriculture have led to a drastic increase in the exploitation
of groundwater resources. The over-exploitation of coastal aquifers has caused a seawater intrusion and has seriously degraded
groundwater quality. The shallow coastal aquifer of the Djeffara plain, southeastern Tunisia constitutes an example of water
resource suffering an intensive and uncontrolled pumping for irrigation. Intensive exploitation of the aquifer and climate
aridity caused a decrease in piezometric level and an increase in salinity. According to the hydrochemical data (Cl−, SO4
2−, NO3
−, HCO3
−, Br−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) and the stable isotope composition (oxygen-18 and deuterium content), groundwater salinization in the investigated system
is caused by three main processes: (i) salts dissolution especially in the central part of Jerba and around Medenine plain;
(ii) evaporation process; and (iii) seawater intrusion which caused the increase in salinity in the peninsula of El Jorf,
in Jerba and in the North of Ben Gardane. 相似文献
3.
Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Zhangye Basin, Northwestern China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The Zhangye Basin, located in arid northwest China, is an important agricultural and industrial center. In recent years rapid
development has created an increased demand for water, which is increasingly being fulfilled by groundwater abstraction. Detailed
knowledge of the geochemical evolution of groundwater and water quality can enhance understanding of the hydrochemical system,
promoting sustainable development and effective management of groundwater resources. To this end, a hydrochemical investigation
was conducted in the Zhangye Basin. Types of shallow groundwater in the Zhangye Basin were found to be HCO3
−, HCO3
−–SO4
2−, SO4
2−–HCO3
−, SO4
2−–Cl−, Cl−–SO4
2− and Cl− . The deep aquifer groundwater type was found to be HCO3−–SO42− throughout the entire area. Ionic ratio and saturation index calculations suggest that silicate rock weathering and evaporation
deposition are the main processes that determine the ionic composition in the study area. The suitability of the groundwater
for irrigation was assessed based on the US Salinity Laboratory salinity classification and the Wilcox diagram. In the study
area, the compositions of the stable isotopes δ18O and δD in groundwater samples were found to range from −4.00 to −9.28‰ and from −34.0 to −65.0‰, respectively. These values
indicate that precipitation is the main recharge source for the groundwater system; some local values indicate high levels
of evaporation. Tritium analysis was used to estimate the ages of the different groundwaters; the tritium values of the groundwater
samples varied from 3.13 to 36.62 TU. The age of the groundwater at depths of less than 30 m is about 5–10 years. The age
of the groundwater at depths of 30–50 m is about 10–23 years. The age of the groundwater at depths of 50–100 m is about 12–29 years.
For groundwater samples at depths of greater than 100 m, the renewal time is about 40 years. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality and usage possibility of groundwater in the Çavuşçayı basin and suggest the best water structure for the groundwater use. Results from hydrochemical analyses reveal that groundwater is mostly affected by salty (Na+–Cl−) waters of the Incik Formation and brackish (Ca2+, Mg2+–SO
4
2−
) waters of the Bayındır Formation. The Alibaba saltpan discharged (2 l/s) from the Incik Formation is used for salt production. In the basin, salinity risk increases with depth and along the groundwater flow direction. Therefore, shallow water and trenches opened in the alluvium aquifer at the east of the basin were determined to yield suitable water with no Na+ and Cl− contamination. Following the heavy rainy period, waters of less salinity and conductivity are possibly used for agriculture. 相似文献
5.
This study was carried out to analyze groundwater quality in selected villages of Nalbari district, Assam, India, where groundwater
is the main source of drinking water. 40 groundwater samples collected from hand pumps and analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3
−, SO4
2−, Cl− and F−. Chemical analysis of the groundwater showed that mean concentration of cations in (mg/L) is in the order Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ while for anions it is HCO3
− > Cl− > SO4
2− > F−. Fluoride concentration was recorded in the range of 0.02–1.56 mg/L. As per the desirable and maximum permissible limits
for fluoride in drinking water recommended by WHO and by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), which is 1.5 mg/L, the groundwater
of about 97% of the samples were found to be suitable for drinking purpose. The suitability of the groundwater for irrigation
purpose was investigated by some determining factors such as sodium adsorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, Kelly’s ratio
and electrical conductivity. The value of the sodium absorption ratio and electrical conductivity of the groundwater samples
were plotted in the US Salinity laboratory diagram for irrigation water. Most of the groundwater samples fall in the field
of C2S1 and C3S1 indicating medium to high salinity and low sodium water, which can be used for irrigation on almost all types
of soil with little doubt of exchangeable sodium. The hydrochemical facies shows that the groundwater is Ca-HCO3 type. 相似文献
6.
Mirza A. T. M. Tanvir Rahman Ratan Kumar Majumder Syed Hafizur Rahman Md. Abdul Halim 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(2):363-373
Twenty groundwater samples were collected from two different areas in Satkhira Sadar Upazila to identify the source of salinity
in deep groundwater aquifer. Most of the analyzed groundwater is of Na–Cl–HCO3 type water. The trends of anion and cation are Cl− > HCO3
− > NO3
− > SO4
2− and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, respectively. Groundwater chemistry in the study area is mainly governed by rock dissolution and ion exchange. The dissolved
minerals in groundwater mainly come from silicate weathering. The salinity of groundwater samples varies from ~1 to ~5%, and
its source is possibly the paleo-brackish water which may be entrapped during past geologic periods. 相似文献
7.
The degradation of groundwater quality, which has been noted in the recent years, is closely connected to the intensification
of agriculture, the unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and the excess consumption of large volumes of irrigation water.
In the hilly region of central Thessaly in Greece, which suffers the consequences of intense agricultural use, a hydrogeological
study is carried out, taking groundwater samples from springs and boreholes in the Neogene aquifers. The aim of this study
is the investigation of irrigation management, water quality and suitability for various uses (water supply, irrigation),
the degradation degree and the spatial distribution of pollutants using GIS. The following hydrochemical types prevail in
the groundwater of the study area: Ca–Mg–HCO3, Mg–Ca–Na–HCO3 and Na–HCO3. In the above shallow aquifers, especially high values of NO3
− (31.7–299.0), NH4
+ (0.12–1.11), NO2
− (0.018–0.109), PO4
3− (0.07–0.55), SO4
2− (47.5–146.5) and Cl− (24.8–146.5) are found, particularly near inhabited areas (values are in mg L−1). The water of shallow aquifers is considered unsuitable for human use due to their high polluting load, while the water
of the deeper aquifers is suitable for human consumption. Regarding water suitability for irrigation, the evaluation of SAR
(0.153–7.397) and EC (481–1,680 μS cm−1) resulted in classification category ‘C3S1’, indicating high salinity and low sodium water which can be used for irrigation
in most soils and crops with little to medium danger of development of exchangeable sodium and salinity. The statistical data
analysis, the factor analysis and the GIS application have brought out the vulnerable-problematic zones in chemical compounds
of nitrogen and phosphates. The groundwater quality degradation is localized and related exclusively to human activities.
Based on 2005 and 2008 estimates, the annual safe yield of the region’s aquifers were nearly 41.95 MCM. However, the existing
situation is that 6.37 MCM of water is over extracted from these aquifers. 相似文献
8.
Galip Yuce 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):857-868
The aim of this study was to determine geochemical properties of groundwater and thermal water in the Misli Basin and to assess
thermal water intrusion into shallow groundwater due to over-extraction. According to isotope and hydrochemical analyses results,
sampled waters can be divided into three groups: cold, thermal, and mixed waters. Only a few waters reach water–rock chemical
equilibrium. Thermal waters in the area are characterized by Na+–Cl−–HCO3−, while the cold waters by CaHCO3 facies. On the basis of isotope results, thermal waters in the Misli basin are meteoric origin. In particular, δ18O and δ2H values of shallow groundwater vary from −10.2 to −12.2‰ and −71.2 to −82‰, while those of thermal waters range from −7.8
to −10.1‰ and from −67 to −74‰, respectively. The tritium values of shallow groundwater having short circulation as young
waters coming from wells that range from 30 to 70 m in depth vary from 10 to 14 TU. The average tritium activity of groundwater
in depths more than 100 m is 1.59 ± 1.16, which indicates long circulation. The rapid infiltration of the precipitation, the
recycling of the evaporated irrigation water, the influence of thermal fluids and the heterogeneity of the aquifer make it
difficult to determine groundwater quality changes in the Misli Basin. Obtained results show that further lowering of the
groundwater table by over-consumption will cause further intrusion of thermal water which resulted in high mineral content
into the fresh groundwater aquifer. Because of this phenomenon, the concentrations of some chemical components which impairs
water quality in terms of irrigation purposes in shallow groundwaters, such as Na+, B, and Cl−, are highy probably expected to increase in time. 相似文献
9.
Geochemical characterization of groundwater from northeastern part of Nagpur urban,Central India 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Hydrogeochemical investigations are carried out in the northeastern part of Nagpur urban to assess the quality of groundwater
for its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Groundwater samples are collected from both shallow and deep aquifers
to monitor the hydrochemistry of various ions. The groundwater quality of the area is adversely affected by urbanization as
indicated by distribution of EC and nitrate. In the groundwater of study area, Ca2+ is the most dominant cation and Cl− and HCO3
− are the dominant anions. Majority of the samples have total dissolved solids values above desirable limit and most of them
belong to very hard type. As compared to deep aquifers, shallow aquifer groundwaters are more polluted and have high concentration
of NO3
−. The analytical results reveal that most of the samples containing high nitrate also have high chloride. Major hydrochemical
facies were identified using Piper trilinear diagram. Alkaline earth exceeds alkalis and weak acids exceed strong acids. Shoeller
index values reveal that base-exchange reaction exists all over the area. Based on US salinity diagram most of samples belong
to high salinity-low sodium type. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water standards showed that
most of the water samples are not suitable for drinking purpose. 相似文献
10.
Manish Kumar Bhawna Sharma AL. Ramanathan M. Someshwar Rao Bhishm Kumar 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(6):1171-1181
Present study is an effort to distinguish between the contributions of natural weathering and anthropogenic inputs towards
high salinity and nutrient concentrations in the groundwater of National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi, India. Apart from
the source identification, the aquifer of entire territory has been characterized and mapped on the basis of salinity in space
and water suitability with its depth. Major element chemistry, conventional graphical plots and specific ionic ratio of Na+/Cl−, SO4
2−/Cl−, Mg2+/Ca2+ and Ca2+/(HCO3
− + SO4
2−) are conjointly used to distinguish different salinization sources. Results suggest that leaching from the various unlined
landfill sites and drains is the prime cause of NO3
− contamination while study area is highly affected with inland salinity which is geogenic in origin. The seasonal water level
fluctuation and rising water level increases nutrients concentration in groundwater. Mixing with old saline sub-surface groundwater
and dissolution of surface salts in the salt affected soil areas were identified as the principle processes controlling groundwater
salinity through comparison of ionic ratio. Only minor increase of salinity is the result of evaporation effect and pollution
inflows. The entire territory has characterized into four groups as fresh, freshening, near freshening and saline with respect
to salinity in groundwater. The salinity mapping suggests that in general, for drinking needs, groundwater in the fresh, freshening
and near freshening zone is suitable up to a depth of 45, 20 and 12 m, respectively, while the saline zones are unsuitable
for any domestic use. In the consideration of increasing demand of drinking water in the area; present study is vital and
recommends further isotopic investigations and highlights the need of immediate management action for landfill sites and unlined
drains. 相似文献
11.
Hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in a coastal area of Southwest Bangladesh 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in a coastal region (Khulna) of southwest Bangladesh
have been evaluated based on different indices for drinking and irrigation uses. Water samples were collected from 26 boreholes
and analyzed for major cations and anions. Other physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total
dissolved solids were also measured. Most groundwater is slightly alkaline and largely varies in chemical composition, e.g.
EC ranges from 962 to 9,370 μs/cm. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ = Cl− > HCO3
− > SO4
2− > NO3
−. Interpretation of analytical data shows two major hydrochemical facies (Na+–K+–Cl−–SO4
2− and Na+–K+–HCO3
−) in the study area. Salinity, total hardness, and sodium percentage (Na%) indicate that most of the groundwater samples are
not suitable for irrigation as well as for domestic purposes and far from drinking water standard. Results suggest that the
brackish nature in most of the groundwaters is due to the seawater influence and hydrogeochemical processes. 相似文献
12.
Environmental geochemistry and quality assessment of surface and subsurface water of Mahi River basin, western India 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
The hydrogeochemical study of surface and subsurface water of Mahi River basin was undertaken to assess the major ion chemistry,
solute acquisition processes and water quality in relation to domestic and irrigation uses. The analytical results show the
mildly acidic to alkaline nature of water and dominance of Na+ and Ca2+ in cationic and HCO3
− and Cl− in anionic composition. In general, alkaline-earth elements (Ca2+ + Mg2+) exceed alkalis (Na+ + K+) and weak acids (HCO3
−) dominate over strong acids (SO4
2+ + Cl−) in majority of the surface and groundwater samples. Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3
− is the dominant hydrochemical facies both in surface and groundwater of the area. The weathering of rock-forming minerals
mainly controlled the solute acquisition process with secondary contribution from marine and anthropogenic sources. The higher
concentration of sodium and dissolved silica, high equivalent ratios of (Na+ + K+/TZ+), (Na+ + K+/Cl−) and low ratio of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/(Na+ + K+) suggest that the chemical composition of the water is largely controlled by silicate weathering with limited contribution
from carbonate weathering and marine and anthropogenic sources. Kaolinite is the possible mineral that is in equilibrium with
the water, implying that the chemistry of river water favors kaolinite formation. Assessment of water samples for drinking
purposes suggests that the majority of the water samples are suitable for drinking. At some sites concentrations of TDS, TH,
F−, NO3
− and Fe are exceeding the desirable limit of drinking. However, these parameters are well within the maximum permissible limit
except for some cases. To assess the suitability for irrigation, parameters like SAR, RSC and %Na were calculated. In general,
both surface and groundwater is of good to suitable category for irrigation uses except at some sites where high values of
salinity, %Na and RSC restrict its uses. 相似文献
13.
This study presents the data on the hydrochemical characteristics and isotope chemistry of Liwa aquifer, which could be useful
to clarify the hydrochemical facies and hydrogeological regime in the study area. Electric conductivity and total dissolved
solid values show that the investigated water is slightly brackish, due to the effect of evaporation and the occurrences of
evaporite rocks in the adjacent Sabkhas of Abu Dhabi. Major cations and anions arranged according to their decreasing concentrations
are: Na+ > Ca+2 > K+ > Mg+2 and Cl− > HCO3
− > SO4−2, respectively. As sodium is the dominate cation and chloride is the prevailing anion, hydrochemically the groundwater of
Liwa can be classified as Na–Cl rich, predominantly chloridic. Ion concentrations increase towards the northeast and presumably
coincide with the lithological sources of ions. Factors affecting the hydrochemistry of the groundwater of the investigated
area include the effect of weathering of soil and rocks, evaporation and agricultural activities. Stable isotopes of oxygen
and hydrogen show that the shallow aquifers contain a single water type that originated in a distinct climatic regime. This
water type deviates from the local meteoric water line, as well as from the Eastern Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line, suggesting
potential evaporation of recharged water prior to infiltration. The waters are poor in tritium, and thus can be considered
generally as indication for recharge prior to 1952. The degradation of groundwater quality can be attributed to evaporation
and agricultural practices in most cases. 相似文献
14.
Groundwater is a critical resource in Deoria district, as it is the main source of drinking water and irrigation. The aquifer
has deteriorated to a high degree, during the last two to three decades, in quality and quantity due to high population growth
and environmental pollution. More than 90% of the population get their drinking water from subsurface waters. Fifteen wells
were sampled in June 2006 to probe the hydrogeochemical components that influence the water quality. The results show that
groundwater have EC, TDS, Na+, Mg2+, HCO3− and TH higher than the WHO, 1997 maximum desirable limits. A hydrogeochemical numerical model for carbonate minerals was
constructed using the PHREEQC package. The regression analysis shows that there are three groups of elements which are significantly
and positively correlated. The main hydrochemical facies of the aquifer (Ca + Mg–HCO3) represents 33.33% of the total wells. The geochemical modeling demonstrated that the reactions responsible for the hydrochemical
evolution in the area fall into three categories: (1) dissolution of salts, (2) precipitation of dolomite, (3) ion exchange.
Solubility of dolomite, calcite, aragonite and gypsum were assessed in terms of the saturation index. The thermodynamic prerequisites
for dolomite supersaturation reactions are satisfied by subsurface waters, since they are supersaturated with respect to dolomite,
undersaturated (or in equilibrium) with respect to calcite, and undersaturated with respect to gypsum. The Ca2+ versus SO42− and Mg2+ versus SO42− trends are also compatible with homologous trends resulting from dolomite supersaturation. 相似文献
15.
Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Heihe River Basin,northwest China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Zhu Gaofeng Su Yonghong Huang Chunlin Feng Qi Liu Zhiguang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(1):139-153
The Heihe River Basin is a typical arid inland river basin for examining stress on groundwater resources in northwest China.
The basin is composed of large volumes of unconsolidated Quaternary sediments of widely differing grain size, and during the
past half century, rapid socio-economic development has created an increased demand for groundwater resources. Understanding
the hydrogeochemical processes of groundwater and water quality is important for sustainable development and effective management
of groundwater resources in the Heihe River basin. To this end, a total of 30 representative groundwater samples were collected
from different wells to monitor the water chemistry of various ions and its quality for irrigation. Chemical analysis shows
that water presents a large spatial variability of chemical facies (SO4
2−–HCO3−, SO4
2−–Cl−, and Cl−–SO4
2−) as groundwater flow from recharge area to discharge area. The ionic ratio indicates positive correlation between the flowing
pairs of parameters: Cl− and Na+(r = 0.95), SO4
2− and Na+ (r = 0.84), HCO3
− and Mg2+(r = 0.86), and SO4
2− and Ca2+ (r = 0.91). Dissolution of minerals, such as halite, gypsum, dolomite, silicate, and Mirabilite (Na2SO4·10H2O) in the sediments results in the Cl−, SO4
2−, HCO3
−, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ content in the groundwater. Other reactions, such as evaporation, ion exchange, and deposition also influence the water composition.
The suitability of the groundwater for irrigation was assessed based on the US Salinity Laboratory salinity classification
and the Wilcox diagram. The results show that most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation uses barring a few
locations in the dessert region in the northern sub-basin. 相似文献
16.
Q. H. Mazumder C. S. Jahan F. Mazumder M. A. Islam S. Jaman M. N. Ali A. T. M. S. Rahaman M. R. Arefin A. Ahasan 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,84(4):431-441
In the salinity affected lower Atrai floodplain aquifer in the NW Bangladesh, geoelectric resistivity survey and hydrochemical analysis are carried out with an aim to identify fresh and saline groundwater zones; investigate the status of salinity; evaluate hydrochemical processes involved and suggest management approaches for irrigation. Here a two-fold aquifer system, inter-layered by silt, clay and silty-clay aquitard and aquiclude is classified as: upper aquifer — spatially affected by salinity of varying degrees; and lower aquifer — generally characterized by high salinity. The aquifer with resistivity values greater than 69 Ωm is safe for irrigation use. Concentrations of major ions vary as: Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ and HCO3>Cl>NO3>SO4 2?. Groundwater is dominated by Na-Ca to Ca-Na, HCO3-Cl-SO4, Cl-SO4-HCO3 and Cl-SO4 2? facies where Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, Cl? and NO3 2? ion concentrations are statistically dominant and water is of Ca-Mg, HCO3-SO4-Cl and NO3 types. Geochemically, groundwater is hard and saline to fresh water type. Salinity increases with depth, but spatially towards the southern part. Groundwater quality is a product of water-rock interaction, direct mixing and marine spraying, or fall-out of airborne marine salts, where silicate weathering is the primary source of bivalent cations. Sediment provenance of alkaline earth silicates and higher concentrations of alkalis are derived from sources other than precipitation. In general partially or fully salinity affected upper and lower aquifers in the area except in its eastern part are not suitable for tubewell irrigation. As groundwater demand for irrigation is increasing, the saline water has progressively invaded relatively fresher parts of the aquifer by upconning. So, special salinity control management approaches can be adopted through engineering techniques such as groundwater abstraction optimization, as also through scientific behavioral approaches like groundwater demand management, salt tolerant crops production. In this context, surface water conservation and rain water harvesting for domestic and irrigational uses are recommended in the salinity affected area. 相似文献
17.
Hydrogeochemical investigations are carried out in the different blocks of Burdwan district, West Bengal, India in order to
assess its suitability for drinking as well as irrigation water purpose. Altogether 49 representative groundwater samples
are collected from bore wells and the water chemistry of various ions viz. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42− and NO3− are carried out. The chemical relationships in Piper and Gibbs diagram suggest that the groundwater mainly belongs to alkali
type and Cl− group and are controlled by rock dominance. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water quality standards
proves that most of the water samples are suitable for drinking water purpose whereas groundwater in some areas of the district
has high salinity and high sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), indicating unsuitability for irrigation water and needs adequate
drainage. 相似文献
18.
Mohamed Fethi Ben Hamouda Jamila Tarhouni Christian Leduc Kamel Zouari 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(5):889-901
As in many other semi-arid regions, the Plio-quaternary aquifer of the eastern coast of Cap Bon peninsula (NE Tunisia) shows
a parallel increase in overexploitation and mineralization of groundwater resources and so the water quality is deteriorating.
Different methods using geochemistry (ions Na+, Cl−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Br−) and stable isotopes (18O, 2H) are compared with the hydrodynamic information for identifying the main processes involved in the increase of salinization.
Along the coast, intrusion of seawater resulting from groundwater overexploitation is identified, but is not the only cause
of qualitative degradation: the development of irrigation that induces soil leaching and transfer of fertilizers to groundwater
over the whole aquifer extent is another major reason for the increase in salinization. A total of 48 groundwater wells were
sampled to obtain additional information on the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater defined in previous studies. 相似文献
19.
The Markanda river basin occupying an area of about 1547 km2 is a part of the alluvial deposits of the Indo- Gangetic plain near the Himalayan foothills in the northwest India. The region
is associated with active agricultural activities and makes significant contribution to the country’s agricultural products.
Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation use and hydrochemical evolution of groundwater has been studied. Hydrochemical
analysis has been carried out based on concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO4
2−, CO3
2− and HCO3
−. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (%Na), permeability index (PI) and Trilinear diagram have been studied to
evaluate suitability of irrigation use. Hydrochemical evolution has been analyzed based on the Chebotarev sequence and expanded
Durov diagram. SAR, %Na and PI results indicate that the groundwater in the basin is suitable for irrigation use. Analysis
on Trilinear diagram reveals that hydrochemical facies are dominated by HCO3
−- Ca2+- Mg2+ facies indicating that the groundwater is associated with recharge waters percolating through sandstone and limestone rocks
which are exposed in the northern part of the basin. Studies based on Chebotarev anion sequence and expanded Durov diagram
indicate that the evolution of groundwater belongs to initial to intermediate stage indicating fresh water quality. Thus,
the present work reveals that groundwater in the Markanda basin is of good quality and is suitable for all uses including
interbasin water transfer in the region. 相似文献
20.
A study on hydrochemical characteristics of surface and sub-surface water in and around Perumal Lake,Cuddalore district,Tamil Nadu,South India 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
M. V. Prasanna S. Chidambaram T. V. Gireesh T. V. Jabir Ali 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(1):31-47
Hydrogeochemical investigations are carried out in and around Perumal Lake, Cuddalore district, South India in order to assess
its suitability in relation to domestic and agricultural uses. The water samples (surface water = 16; groundwater = 12) were
analyzed for various physicochemical attributes like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate (HCO3
−), sulfate (SO4
2−), phosphate (PO4), silica (H4SiO4) and total dissolved solids (TDS). Major hydrochemical facies were identified using Piper trilinear diagram. Hydrogeochemical
processes controlling the water chemistry are water–rock interaction rather than evaporation and precipitation. Interpretation
of isotopic signatures reveals that groundwater samples recharged by meteoric water with few water–rock interactions. A comparison
of water quality in relation to drinking water quality standard proves that the surface water samples are suitable for drinking
purpose, whereas groundwater in some areas exceeds the permissible limit. Various determinants such as sodium absorption ratio
(SAR), percent sodium (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and permeability index (PI) revealed that most of the samples
are suitable for irrigation. 相似文献