藏南冈底斯带西段麦拉花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及地质意义

用SHRIMP测定了冈底斯岩带西段麦拉山口岩体同碰撞黑云母二长花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年龄,黑云母二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为47.1±1.1Ma。这就为前人提出的雅鲁藏布江地区洋盆闭合、板块开始碰撞的时间为50Ma左右提供了同位素年代学的证据。     

张广才岭东侧英城子金矿区早古生代花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

本文首次对佳木斯地块西缘、张广才岭东侧英城子金矿区出露的大面积黑云母碱长花岗岩,进行了锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb年代学精细研究。实验共获得四组单颗粒锆石U-Pb谐和年龄,它们分别为612±4Ma、495.2±2.7Ma、476.8±5.5Ma和431±3Ma;其中612±4Ma具有指示晚元古代增生地壳过程形成的花岗岩锆石特征,495.2±2.7Ma的U-Pb年龄与区域内麻山群的变质作用时间相吻合,431±3Ma的年龄与早古生代晚期的区域变质作用时间吻合,而476.8±5.5Ma的锆石年龄则代表黑云母碱长花岗岩的真实结晶年龄。这项成果记录了该地区在中一新元古代时期曾发生过重要的地壳增生事件,增生后的地壳被打开形成大洋;至早古生代早期,两侧的地体发生拼贴,引起区域麻山群发生麻粒岩相的变质作用、形成花岗质片麻岩;在早古生代晚期,佳木斯地块西缘的陆间洋最终闭合,形成具有壳源特征同碰撞花岗岩,之后的韧性变形作用可能为金矿床的形成提供了有利条件。     

北秦岭太白花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

北秦岭太白岩体位于商丹构造带北侧。野外侵入关系和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示,该岩体由早志留世的五里峡岩体、晚三叠世的红崖河岩体和早白垩世的下板寺岩体组成。五里峡岩体的主要岩石类型为片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（431±2） Ma;红崖河岩体的主要岩石类型为黑云母二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（214±2） Ma;下板寺岩体为粗粒黑云母花岗岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为（130±1） Ma,表明太白岩体是由3个不同时代岩体组成的侵入复合杂岩体。结合区域构造背景和前人的研究成果,得出早志留世五里峡岩体可能与秦岭微板块沿商丹缝合带俯冲碰撞有关;晚三叠世红崖河岩体与秦岭早中生代主期岩浆作用一致,是华北地块与扬子地块碰撞的产物;燕山期的下板寺花岗岩属于板内岩浆作用。研究显示,今后应注意大岩体的解体,其可能隐含着不可忽视的构造-岩浆作用信息。     

西藏八宿花岗岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

西藏八宿地区大地构造位置为冈底斯-念青唐古拉板块北东缘,紧邻班公湖-怒江结合带。区内出露有花岗岩体,包括花岗闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩,侵位于朱村组火山岩中。区域主要完成了1:25万区域地质调查,研究程度相对较低,有关花岗岩的报道较少。本次工作在详细野外调研的基础上,研究了花岗岩类的岩石学,地球化学和年代学特征来确定岩体的构造意义。在该地区获得花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为119.7±1.2Ma和120.6±1.8Ma。岩体锆石ε_Hf(t)值为-10.42~-7.00,对应的地壳模式年龄为1624~1841Ma。地球化学特征反映壳源部分熔融成因,有地幔物质及热流参与,形成于板块俯冲构造环境。岩体北东侧的朱村组火山岩所获得的角闪英安岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为128±2Ma,较岩体早9Myr,属于同一岩浆事件产物,因此,八宿花岗岩与火山岩一样,属于伯舒拉岭火山岩浆弧的一部分,形成于怒江洋壳向冈底斯-念青唐古拉板块俯冲、消减的火山弧环境。八宿岩体很可能是在班公湖-怒江洋岩石圈向南俯冲的地球动力学背景下形成的。     

中国东北完达山地区早白垩世同构造岩浆侵位——对晚中生代左行走滑作用的响应

分布于中国东北完达山地区的饶河花岗岩岩体中暗色矿物和斑晶钾长石定向排列,呈北北东走向,其中透镜状闪长质捕掳体近水平排列,局部具有左行剪切的特点。岩体中发育石香肠状石英脉,表明岩体在侵位过程中受到左行剪切作用的影响或制约。对出露的花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得年龄121±1Ma和119±1Ma,表明该岩浆流动形成于早白垩世。同时对围岩辉长岩、侵入岩体中的正长岩脉和辉绿岩脉进行锆石U-Pb年龄分析,分别获得160±1Ma、109±2Ma、124±1Ma的年龄结果。根据各样品中继承锆石的特征,围岩辉长岩的年龄数据很集中,不存在古老锆石的年龄信息。岩浆流动岩体及岩脉中都有太古宙、元古宙等各时代的锆石年龄数据,可能表明完达山地区在约120Ma之前已完成古太平洋板块的俯冲拼贴,饶河岩体形成于走滑环境下的陆内变形,为同构造侵入岩。     

东天山红柳河地区晚加里东期花岗岩类岩石锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

本文对东天山红柳河地区 2个花岗岩类岩体进行了年代学和元素 同位素地球化学研究。锆石U Pb年龄表明 ,红柳河北闪长岩体 ( 4 41.4± 1.6Ma)和前进工区花岗岩体 ( 4 40 .9± 3 .1Ma)形成于晚加里东期。这两个花岗岩类岩体的形成不仅证实了东天山存在着晚加里东期岩浆活动 ,而且其形成与哈萨克斯坦 准噶尔大洋板块向塔里木板块俯冲密切相关。     

黑龙江多宝山斑岩Cu-Mo矿床成岩成矿时代研究

多宝山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床是中国东北地区重要的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床,文章对矿区主要成矿岩体及辉钼矿样品进行了系统的成岩成矿年代学研究。对成矿岩体采用高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得成矿母岩花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(474.8±4.7) Ma,矿体寄主岩石花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(478.1±4.1) Ma,以及矿体外围黑云母花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(483.9±4.5) Ma;矿体辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄加权平均值为(475.1±5.1) Ma。测年结果显示,多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床形成于早奥陶世。结合含矿地层、矿区岩石组合特征,以及前人研究的岩石地球化学特征,推测多宝山矿床形成于早奥陶世与板块俯冲有关的岛弧环境,说明在区域上寻找类似多宝山的斑岩铜矿应沿早奥陶世多宝山-伊尔斯岩浆岛弧带开展。     

大兴安岭南段道伦达坝黑云母花岗岩成岩时代、锆石微量元素、Lu-Hf同位素特征及地质意义

道伦达坝铜多金属矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带南段,对道伦达坝矿床黑云母花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb测年、锆石微量元素和Lu-Hf同位素研究.锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测年结果显示黑云母花岗岩形成时代为282.2±4.5~287.0±3.7 Ma.锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究结果显示黑云母花岗岩锆石均具有较高的176Hf/177Hf（平均值分别为0.282 770和0.282 769）和低的176Lu/177Hf（平均值分别为0.002 224和0.001 984）同位素组成,ε_Hf（t）值变化范围为3.05~8.58之间和2.31~7.36,二阶段模式年龄分别为730.22~1 083.46 Ma和812.42~1 134.56 Ma,暗示其来源为年轻的新生下地壳,可能遭受了古老地壳的混染.锆石微量元素研究显示,黑云母花岗岩的锆石具有低的Nb含量（< 2×10-6）和强烈的Eu异常,符合S型花岗岩特征.锆石的Ti饱和温度平均值为770℃和785℃,指示其源区经历了水近饱和情况下的部分熔融,暗示其可能形成于俯冲环境下.      

冈底斯带桑巴区早白垩世后碰撞花岗岩类的确定及构造意义

桑巴区花岗岩体位于冈底斯带嘉黎断裂之北,呈近东西向分布于桑巴、建多等地。岩石类型主要有巨斑黑云母花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩及斑状花岗闪长岩。其中斑状花岗闪长岩(TW1530)的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为117.2±1.6Ma,黑云母花岗岩(TW1637)年龄为121.2±1.7Ma,表明桑巴区花岗岩体形成于早白垩世。桑巴区花岗岩类为高钾钙碱性岩,根据地球化学特征和微量元素构造判别图解,确定该时代的花岗岩具后碰撞花岗岩特征,形成于从挤压体制向拉张体制转变的构造环境。早白垩世后碰撞花岗岩的出现预示着班公湖怒江缝合带主造山作用的结束,冈底斯火山岩浆弧带至此进入造山后伸展构造环境,并一直持续至晚白垩世竟柱山组沉积之前。     

内蒙古商都大石沟花岗岩体锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄及其意义

内蒙古商都县大石沟黑云母钾长花岗岩主要由钾长石(40～60%)、更长石(10～15%)、石英(25～32%)及黑云母(5～7%)组成。主元素SiO_2含量68.25%～69.64%,K_2O含量5.03%～8.03%,K_2O>Na_2O;A/CNK为0.77～1.1,稀土元素分馏较强,REE配分型式具中等铕负异常,岩石地球化学特征与碰撞花岗岩类似;本文对大石沟黑云母钾长花岗岩进行高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究。其形成时间为342±5Ma,可能代表华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞阶段的岩浆热事件。区域最新研究资料表明,侵入图林凯蛇绿岩带的埃达克岩的年龄为467～429Ma,代表洋壳俯冲的消减时间;390～310Ma花岗岩侵位的SHRIMP U-Pb锆石年龄以及383Ma蓝片岩Ar-Ar年龄代表华北板块与西伯利亚板块的碰撞事件;390～342Ma和324～310Ma花岗岩可能代表碰撞阶段两期岩浆热事件产物。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the