高阳地热田及邻区地热资源形成机制

临近雄安新区的高阳地热田处于渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷,区内发育以中元古界长城系、蓟县系及下伏的太古界为主的潜山地层,其中蓟县系雾迷山组为地热田主要热储层,地热资源丰富.以岩溶热储顶面埋深3600 m线作为高阳地热田的边界,地热田主体位于高阳低凸起、蠡县斜坡内,并涵盖保定凹陷、饶阳凹陷的少量地区.高阳地热田位于区域岩溶顶板温度...     

冀中坳陷奥陶系多期岩溶发育特征

冀中坳陷奥陶系岩溶储层发育,但在不同的层位和不同的地区岩溶孔洞缝的发育程度差别很大,表明岩溶发育的主控因素不同。通过显微镜下和露头剖面对裂缝产状和切割关系的分析,识别出了至少三期裂缝。研究表明:这三期裂缝分别对应于印支期、燕山期和喜马拉雅期的岩石破裂事件。通过露头、镜下对孔洞缝形态的研究,结合胶结物的阴极发光特征,认为冀中坳陷奥陶系存在同生期岩溶、埋藏期岩溶和表生期岩溶。多期的岩溶作用形成了目前奥陶系的岩溶储层。不同时期的构造活动对冀中坳陷的岩溶作用影响不同。在近地表环境下,奥陶系经历的构造活动越强烈,溶洞发育率越高。对比冀中坳陷内各岩溶古地貌类型和放空漏失的数据,表明岩溶洼地也是有利的古地貌类型,分析认为这种岩溶洼地为不积水的岩溶洼地。岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡和岩溶洼地在垂向上具有不同深度范围的水平岩溶分带,对应于不同地貌类型下的渗流带和潜流带。在靠近深大断裂带附近,有大量的钻具放空和泥浆漏失,并且流体包裹体均一化温度表明有热液的存在。在岩溶作用较弱、溶洞发育率低的区域,白云岩和石灰岩的薄互层段是有利的岩溶发育层段。     

天津岩溶地热田热储特征研究

从天津大地构造特征和地层分布入手,综合分析了岩溶热储特征.认为天津地区主要大地构造格局从西北向东南依次为冀中拗陷、沧县隆起和黄骅拗陷,主要断裂有北东向的沧东断裂、天津断裂以及北西向的宁河-宝坻断裂.岩溶地热田主要分布在沧县隆起上,发育了王草庄、大城、潘庄、双窑和小韩庄凸起等地热田.研究认为蓟县系雾迷山组在天津全境普遍分布,岩性为深灰色粗晶白云岩、隧石条带状白云岩,裂缝岩溶发育,孔渗性较好,是主要热储层.寒武系、奥陶系热储在沧县隆起核部大面积缺失,在其他地区广泛分布,是主要热储层之一.沧县隆起的热流值较周围地区高,地热水的来源主要为北部蓟县山区,热水运移的最重要通道是大断裂以及不整合面.     

天津岩溶地热田热储特征研究

从天津大地构造特征和地层分布入手，综合分析了岩溶热储特征.认为天津地区主要大地构造格局从西北向东南依次为冀中拗陷、沧县隆起和黄骅拗陷，主要断裂有北东向的沧东断裂、天津断裂以及北西向的宁河-宝坻断裂.岩溶地热田主要分布在沧县隆起上，发育了王草庄、大城、潘庄、双窑和小韩庄凸起等地热田.研究认为蓟县系雾迷山组在天津全境普遍分布，岩性为深灰色粗晶白云岩、隧石条带状白云岩，裂缝岩溶发育，孔渗性较好，是主要热储层.寒武系、奥陶系热储在沧县隆起核部大面积缺失，在其他地区广泛分布，是主要热储层之一.沧县隆起的热流值较周围地区高，地热水的来源主要为北部蓟县山区，热水运移的最重要通道是大断裂以及不整合面.     

天津市南部平原区雾迷山组热储岩溶裂隙发育规律

蓟县系雾迷山组是天津主力开发的热储层位,对这套地层的研究主要集中在热储层温度场、动力场、水化学场和地表水回灌等方面,在热储岩溶裂隙方面的研究较少。通过对天津市138眼雾迷山组地热井的完井和测井资料进行对比分析,统计了不同构造单元雾迷山组一、二类裂缝发育,热储顶板埋深,地热井单位涌水量和上覆不同地层的情况,总结了其岩溶裂隙发育规律。结果表明：雾迷山组岩溶裂隙较发育,漏失部位距热储顶板埋深距离集中在100 m以浅;热储顶部岩溶发育,裂隙发育受上覆不同地层的影响不大,裂隙发育与该层顶板埋深的相关性不明显,但整体上有裂隙发育随顶板埋深加大而略有减小的趋势;地热井的单位涌水量随裂隙发育程度的增大而变大;热储裂隙比集中在0.1～0.4,受构造影响,在张性断裂构造带、断裂交汇和背斜轴部热储构造裂隙较发育。研究结果可为天津市雾迷山组地热的有效开发利用与地热钻探提供参考。     

北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统边界与水文地质性质

北方岩溶水系统具有固定补给范围和资源要素,是岩溶地下水进行独立循环的基本单元,控制了岩溶水的运移富集、水化学演化特征、资源构成以及环境地质问题。开展岩溶水系统研究的首要任务是确定系统边界位置及其水文地质性质。以北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统为研究对象,采用地质学、岩溶动力学、流体动力学、水文地球化学、地球物理勘探等方法,确定黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统是由南部大石河背斜岩溶水子系统和北部百花山向斜南翼岩溶水子系统2个次级系统组成;其含水岩层分别为蓟县系铁岭组、雾迷山组和青白口系景儿峪组、奥陶系、寒武系碳酸盐岩。根据边界的水文地质性质可以划分为地表分水岭边界、地下分水岭边界、隔水边界、岩溶含水层深埋滞流性边界等类型。     

中国东部超深超高温碳酸盐岩潜山油气藏的发现及关键技术——以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷牛东1潜山油气藏为例

冀中坳陷霸县凹陷牛东1井于2011年1月钻探发现了超深层蓟县系雾迷山组碳酸盐岩潜山油气藏,油气藏底部钻达深度6027m尚未见油水界面,温度已达201℃,酸压测试获日产油642.9m3和气56.3×104m3,为渤海湾盆地乃至中国东部目前发现的深度最大、温度最高的特高产油气藏.回顾了油气藏初战失利、再战搁浅、重燃希望、重...     

北京顺平岩溶水系统富水性分析

本文在充分收集北京顺平岩溶水系统各种勘探资料的基础上,以施工的17眼探采结合井的钻探成井、抽水试验为主,结合岩屑鉴定数据等资料,查明了顺平地区主要含水岩组岩溶裂隙发育规律,分析了岩溶地下水富水性特征。该区主要为长城系高于庄组、蓟县系雾迷山组、寒武系和奥陶系灰岩含水层,单井涌水量最大可达10780 m3/d,最小4464m3/d。圈定了两处岩溶水源地靶区,分别位于北小营—杨镇—北务一带和马坊—东高村一带,为后续该区域岩溶水的合理开发和保护提供科学支撑。     

雄安新区蓟县系雾迷山组岩溶热储特征、主控因素及有利区预测

雄安新区蓟县系雾迷山组中赋存丰富的地热资源,研究雾迷山组岩溶热储特征及优质储集层发育的主控因素是地热资源勘探的基础。综合运用野外剖面、岩心、薄片、钻井、测井、录井等地质与地球物理资料,对雾迷山组岩溶热储特征和演化过程进行了深入研究,明确了优质储集层形成的控制因素,预测了有利靶区。结果表明,雾迷山组岩溶热储主要岩性为晶粒白云岩、颗粒白云岩、微生物白云岩、硅质白云岩和角砾白云岩等,溶蚀孔洞、裂缝及其组合为主要的储集空间类型。雾迷山组热储平均孔隙度为3. 18%,平均渗透率为91. 48×10-3μm2;其中角砾白云岩物性最好。雾迷山组岩溶热储经历了沉积—准同生期成孔(雾迷山沉积期)、Ⅰ期表生增孔(雾迷山沉积期后至青白口纪前)、Ⅰ期埋藏减孔(青白口纪前至三叠纪)、Ⅱ期表生增孔(三叠纪—古近纪)、Ⅱ期埋藏减孔(新近纪—第四纪) 5个阶段,岩性及岩相、成岩作用和构造应力是雾迷山组有利热储形成的主控因素。藻云坪—云坪相、表生岩溶、埋藏溶蚀、准同生岩溶、岩溶高地—斜坡和地层裂缝段比率大于0. 4的6项叠合区是研究区最有利的岩溶热储发育区。     

北京西山岩溶洞系的形成及其与新构造运动的关系

形成中国北方岩溶的地层主要为奥陶系马家沟组石灰岩和中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组硅质条带白云岩。上新世石林与第四纪岩溶陡壁组合成的房山地貌主要形成于雾迷山组中,岩溶洞穴发育在马家沟组和雾迷山组中。大石河南岸从上游至下游依次分布鸡毛洞、银狐洞、石花洞、清风洞和孔水洞,由一条地下暗河连为一体,称为石花洞系。石花洞系发育在北岭向斜东北扬起端的马家沟组顶部,与南面的周口店猿人洞系隔着房山闪长岩体。石花洞系中8层不同海拔高度的溶洞可以和永定河的8级阶地进行对比,也可以和8个华北地文期对比,代表了与之相互对应的北京西山新构造隆升的期次。     

雄安新区雾迷山组岩溶热储特征与有利区

为了深化对雄安新区中深层地热资源的规模化开发利用,以露头、岩心、薄片、钻井资料与地震测线解释成果为基础,分析雄安新区中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组热储岩石学和储集空间特征,研究了雾迷山组热储沉积相模式、岩相古地理和孔隙度、渗透率分布特征;结合构造演化和热储成岩作用类型,分析雾迷山组热储岩溶发育期次、岩溶作用、岩溶古地貌分布特征,针对岩溶主要发育层,厘清控制因素,明确雄安新区雾迷山组岩溶热储特征;综合上述特征,结合雄安新区地温梯度、断裂分布及水动力等因素,优选出该区雾迷山组岩溶热储有利勘探靶区。研究结果表明：雄安新区蓟县系雾迷山组热储有利岩性主要为叠层石白云岩、藻凝块白云岩、颗粒白云岩,藻云坪微相、滩微相易发育各类溶蚀作用,云坪易发育裂缝,储集空间类型为孔隙、溶洞和裂缝3大系统。岩溶作用类型可分为同生—准同生岩溶、表生岩溶和埋藏岩溶,自雾迷山组沉积后主要发育于芹峪期、印支期和燕山期的表生岩溶和晚喜山期的埋藏溶蚀,对雾迷山组储层有着建设性作用,燕山—早喜马拉雅期对岩溶热储的形成演化起决定作用;同期主要伴随3期高角度裂缝发育,这些高角度缝增加了储集空间与输导体系,促进期后的相关溶蚀作用;裂缝在白云岩中最发育, 灰质云岩次之,泥质云岩最不发育。孔隙度和渗透率区域上分布有3个高值区。岩溶古地貌在印支期前北低南高,在印支期及以后,地貌北高南低,北部岩溶作用强烈,南部次高地也发育岩溶带。溶蚀相为最有利的成岩相区,溶蚀—泥质充填相为较有利的成岩相区。研究区雾迷山组岩溶储集层分布主要受岩性（包括组分、结构、厚度）、成岩相带、构造（包括断裂、裂缝、不整合面）和古地貌等方面因素的控制,地热勘探最有利靶区位于大王镇西部及南部、容城—八于、雄县—赵北口镇西部、大营镇、高深1井—高阳等区带。     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏研究

塔里木盆地塔北隆起哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系由于现今构造位置低,埋深在6500~8000m,长期以来一直将其作为塔北隆起的一个次级凹陷单元,并认为是一个海相油气的生烃凹陷,制约了哈拉哈塘的油气勘探。本文通过对哈拉哈塘构造解析和沉降演化过程恢复,发现哈拉哈塘地区是从石炭纪才开始转为负向构造单元,加里东-早海西期,它属于轮南大型古潜山的西斜坡部位;奥陶系鹰山组-一间房组碳酸盐岩经历了多期岩溶的叠加改造,风化岩溶缝洞体储层发育。通过最新钻井资料及油气地球化学分析数据,证实哈拉哈塘奥陶系沉积时期不是生烃凹陷,不发育烃源岩,哈拉哈塘及其以北地区的油气是来自南部满西地区的中、上奥陶统烃源岩。油气藏解剖表明,哈拉哈塘地区在晚海西期成藏;三叠系沉积前北部构造抬升,导致奥陶系油藏遭受局部破坏和降解。自三叠纪沉积以来,奥陶系油藏一直处于持续深埋过程,盖层不断加厚,油藏基本保持了晚海西期成藏时的形态,因此,哈拉哈塘地区是一个古老的油气系统。油气成藏条件分析表明,哈拉哈塘地区油气成藏条件优越,生储盖条件配置良好,奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储层广泛分布,并处在油气向古隆起高部位运移的有利路径上,具有大面积、准层状富集油气的特征。     

Characteristics and differential accumulation of oil/gas in Lower Paleozoic marine carbonate on northern slope of Tazhong Low Rise,Tarim Basin,NW China: a case study of Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation

Marine carbonate reservoirs, as a focus of petroleum exploration and development all over the world, are involved with high exploration risk and prediction difficulty owing to high heterogeneity and diversity of reservoir beds. In the Tarim Basin, NW China, carbonate reservoirs with resources about 38 % of the whole basin in a large prospecting area are mainly distributed in the Cambrian and Ordovician in central (Tazhong) and northern (Tabei) Tarim. Recently on the northern slope, Tazhong Low Rise, Central Uplift, Tarim Basin, a breakthrough has been made in the karsted weathering crust of Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation and reef-flat reservoir of Upper Ordovician Lianglitag Formation. As a new frontier of exploration, oil/gas distribution and controlling factors of carbonate reservoirs in the Yingshan Formation are not clearly understood. In this work, play elements of the Yingshan Formation, such as seal-reservoir bed assemblage, oil/gas properties, and faulting, were studied by core and slice observation and field investigation. High-quality reservoir beds of Yingshan Formation are quasi-layer distributed in the interstratal karst belt about 250 m below the unconformity. The reservoir beds of fracture–void and void are formed by faulting, associated fracturing, and karstification. The Yingshan Formation is a large-scale condensate gas reservoir with partly oil. Owing to different oil–gas infilling periods, isolated pools far from the faults are primarily oil in the Hercynian; oppositely, condensate gas reservoirs near the faults are intensely influenced by gas invasion during the Himalayan movement. Laterally, oil/gas distribution is controlled by stratal pinch-out and strike-slip faults. Vertically, cap rock of the third to fifth members of the Lianglitag Formation and Yingshan interior high resistivity layers are superimposed with Yingshan reservoir beds to form several seal-reservoir bed assemblages. Oil and gas are superimposed and affected by gas invasion with characteristics of oil in the upper horizon and gas in the lower horizon.     

Sedimentary Features and Their Implications of Microdigital Stromatolites from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian Section in North China

<正>The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian section in Tianjin is a set of more than 3000-m-thick stromatolitic carbonate succession.In this succession,several lithofacies units,that is,the subtidal stromatolitic biostrome,the thrombolitic bioherm,tidal-flat micritic dolomite and lagoon dolomitic shale,make up many meter-scale cycles of the peritidal carbonate type that have been nominated as the Wumishan cycles.Importantly,many microdigital stromatolites make up the stromatolitic biostrome unit of the Wumishan cycles in the lower part of the Wumishan Formation. These microdigital stromatolites have been grouped as a stromatolitic assemblage by paleontologists, that is,"Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuensis-Scuphus-Yangzhuang columnaris"assemblage.These microdigital stromatolites had also been interpreted as the aragonite(tufa) sea-floor precipitates by sedimentologists,and has further been thought as the special products of the transitional period from the sea-floor aragonite precipitates of the Archean to the clastic and muddy carbonates of the Neoproterozoic.Although there are some restrictions for the stratigraphic meaning of the concept of the stromatolitic assemblage,detailed studies on classification by paleontologists provide an important clue to understand the sedimentological meaning of the microdigital stromatolites.Furthermore,an important and obvious horizon for the end of the microdigital stromatolites was recorded in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian section,which provides useful information to understand the stromatolite decline occurred at c.1250 Ma and the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.     

Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir Bed Characteristics and ReservoirForming Conditions in the Lungudong Region of the Tarim Basin

<正>Basic characteristics of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the Lungudong region of northeastern part of the Tarim Basin are described in detail and the reservoir-forming conditions of oil and gas are preliminarily discussed in this paper by collecting and sorting out a large amount of data.The carbonate reservoir beds are mainly developed in open-platform and platform marginal facies;the reservoir beds have large changes in and low average values of physical property;the main type is fractured reservoir beds with the fracture-porous type second.The reservoir bed development is chiefly controlled by the distribution of sedimentary facies,tectonic activity and karstification. Whereas the accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbons in the region are controlled by an advantageous structural location,a good reservoir-caprock combination and a favorable transporting system,with the distribution characterized by zones horizontally and belts vertically,the oil and gas are mainly concentrated in areas with structural uplift,densely developed fractures,and surface karst,a vertical vadose zone,and a horizontal undercurrent belt of palaeokarst.     

塔北哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系鹰山组—一间房组岩溶储层特征及成因模式

塔里木盆地北部哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系岩溶型储层油气勘探近年来获得了重大突破,其主要勘探目的层系为鹰山组—一间房组碳酸盐岩,进一步深化碳酸盐岩岩溶储层认识对于加快塔里木盆地海相油气勘探具有重要意义。在分析区域地质背景的基础上,结合钻井、岩心、测井、地震等资料,对研究区鹰山组—一间房组岩溶储层特征以及储层发育主控因素和成因演化模式进行了深入研究。研究认为,鹰山组—一间房组岩溶储层基质孔渗条件差,基质孔隙不能单独成为有利的油气储集空间,储层储集空间主要为溶蚀孔洞以及裂缝系统。储层经历的岩溶作用类型主要有(准)同生岩溶作用、风化岩溶作用以及埋藏热液岩溶作用等,各种岩溶作用的多期叠加改造使得鹰山组—一间房组岩溶储层极为发育。通过对储层成因过程的研究分析,认为构造隆升为岩溶储层的发育提供了有利条件并控制了储层发育格局;多期岩溶作用是形成岩溶储层的关键因素;断裂及裂缝的发育促进了岩溶储层的形成并改善了储层的储集性能。     

Fischer Plots of Wumishan Cyclothems,Precambrian Records of Third-OrderSea-Level Changes

INTRODUCTIONThe Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Jixian,Tianjin is a succession of 3 300 m thick carbonate strata (Fig.1) where stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms arebest developed. The formation period of Wumishan Formation,about 100 Ma ((310120) Ma, (l 2071 10) Ma. Wang et al.,1995), is categorized as the Ectasian period of the Mesoproterozoic. Varieties of stromatolites in Wumishan Formation,such as Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuense, Scyphus parous,Conophoton conse…     

天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组微指状叠层石及其对1250 Ma±叠层石衰减事件的响应

天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组是一套厚度超过3000,m的叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,在该序列中潮下相叠层石生物层、凝块石生物丘与潮坪相泥晶白云岩、潟湖相白云质泥页岩一起构成若干个环潮坪型米级旋回——"雾迷山旋回层"。在雾迷山组下部发育微指状叠层石,并被古生物学家定义为"Pseudogymnosolen mo-panyuensis-Scuphus-Yangzhuang columnaris"组合,即假裸枝叠层石科叠层石,沉积学家将其解释为元古代文石(灰华)海底沉淀物所构成的叠层石,代表从太古代海底结壳状文石沉淀物组成的叠层石到新元古代碎屑结构相的泥晶碳酸盐岩叠层石过渡时期的特殊产物。因此,雾迷山组巨厚的叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,记录了元古代文石(灰华)海底沉淀物所构成的特殊的叠层石大规模消亡的层位,为研究前寒武纪以叠层石为代表的微生物碳酸盐岩所经历的漫长而复杂的地质历史演变提供了宝贵的材料。     

天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组微指状叠层石及其对1250 Ma±叠层石衰减事件的响应

天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组是一套厚度超过3 000 m的叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,在该序列中潮下相叠层石生物层、凝块石生物丘与潮坪相泥晶白云岩、泻湖相白云质泥页岩一起构成若干个环潮坪型米级旋回--“雾迷山旋回层”。在雾迷山组下部发育微指状叠层石,并被古生物学家定义为“Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuensis-Scuphus-Yangzhuang columnaris”组合,即假裸枝叠层石科叠层石,沉积学家将其解释为元古代文石（灰华）海底沉淀物所构成的叠层石,代表从太古代海底结壳状文石沉淀物叠层石到新元古代碎屑结构相、富泥碳酸盐叠层石过渡时期的特殊产物。因此,雾迷山组巨厚的叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,记录了元古代文石灰华海底沉淀物所构成的特殊的叠层石大规模消亡的层位,为研究前寒武纪以叠层石为代表的微生物碳酸盐岩所经历的漫长而复杂的地质历史演变提供了宝贵的材料。     

Mesoproterozoic Earthquake Events and Breakup of the Sino-Korean Plate

In the Mesoproterozoic time, the northern part of the Sino-Korean Plate experienced a period of intensive tectonic extension and breakup. 1. An abundance of sedimentary earthquake records is preserved in the Chuanlinggou, Tuanshanzi and Gaoyuzhuang formations in the Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System （1800-1400 Ma） and in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation of the Jixian System （1400-1000 Ma）. These earthquake records are characterized by various liquefied sand-veins, carbonate microspar and coarser spar veins, limestone dikes, liquefied breccia and various forms of liquefied contorted bedding. This deformation is always associated with synsedimentary faults and igneous activity. 2. Three liquefaction models for soft carbonate sediments are recognized, including liquefaction in laminated carbonate rocks, liquefaction in thin-bedded carbonates and large-scale liquefaction along huge carbonate dikes. 3. Based on the record of earthquake and volcanic activities, the Sino-Korean Plate experienced at least twice intraplate breakups. One occurred between 1800-1400 Ma, and the other occurred at about 1200 Ma. The last breakup resulted in formation of the Yan-Liao aulacogen, a tectonic zone characterized by deeper material vibrancy, active faults, major igneous activity and frequent earthquakes.