大眼金枪鱼的资源现状

大眼金枪鱼的分布很广 ,在南、北纬 4 0°以内的太平洋、印度洋和大西洋均有分布 ,是金枪鱼渔业的重要捕捞种类之一。本文分别论述了大眼金枪鱼在大西洋、印度洋和太平洋的渔业概况、生物学特性、资源状况和管理对策。     

大西洋大眼金枪鱼渔业概况

大西洋大眼金枪鱼（Ｔｈｕｎｎｕｓ ｏｂｅｓｕｓ）是高经济价值鱼种,其分布几乎覆盖整个大西洋水域。研究大西洋大眼金枪鱼的渔业对于我国远洋渔业意义重大。所以在此对其渔业及资源状况进行研究。根据三种主要渔业（延绳钓、围网和竿钓）的渔获量,可看出大眼金枪鱼渔业的发展概况。为了分析资源状况,文中使用了Ｗａｌｔｉｒｓ ａｎｄ Ｈｉｌｂｏｒｎ（１９７６）产量模型。其结果是９９．６千公吨的最大持续产量和１１４．７     

印度洋金枪鱼渔业现状

报道了印度洋海域金枪鱼渔业近十年的生产概况，结果显示，印度洋金枪鱼渔业从业国家和地区已达40个，从业国家(地区)中以欧共体、印度尼西亚、印度、伊朗、斯里兰卡、中国台湾、马尔代夫等所占份额较高，以2000年计占当年印度洋金枪鱼渔业总产量的68．17％。产量140万吨，以金枪鱼类所占份额最高．主要金枪鱼渔获种类依次为鲣、黄鳍金枪鱼和大眼金枪鱼，主要渔业方式为金枪鱼围网、刺网及延绳钓。中国在印度洋海域金枪鱼渔业中年占份额较小，捕捞产量从1995年的444吨逐渐上升到2000年的6408吨。     

南海金枪鱼开发利用现状与发展策略

南海金枪鱼资源量较丰富,有记录的金枪鱼种类有10多种,是未来中国开发南海渔业资源的重要对象。文章扼要介绍了南海金枪鱼的渔场渔汛和资源量等资源状况,总结分析了南海金枪鱼渔业的发展历史和资源利用状况,分别探究中国台湾和越南在南海开发金枪鱼的成功经验,并提出了中国发展南海金枪鱼渔业的对策建议。目的是为了加强中国对开发南海金枪鱼资源的重视程度,推动金枪鱼产业的迅速发展。     

大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼：强者？弱者？

参与国际海洋生物普查（Census of Marine Life）的海洋历史学家详细描述了1900—1950年北欧迅猛发展的渔业及其最终导致的结果——北欧周边海域蓝鳍金枪鱼种群数骤减。 遭到打击的不仅是北欧周边海域的蓝鳍金枪鱼,大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼、太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼、澳大利亚蓝鳍金枪鱼皆难逃厄运。 蓝鳍金枪鱼已经成为世界上最濒危的物种之一。     

与金枪鱼打交道的女科学家

一到冬季,在美国北卡罗莱纳州的哈特拉斯角海岸聚集着许多芝鳍金枪鱼。由于哈特拉斯角延伸到了开阔的大西洋中,对航行具有潜在危险,故而该地得到这样一个绰号:“大西洋坟场”。1997年1月的一天,两个外科手术小组乘坐的研究小船。由一个捕金枪鱼船队相伴,往返于波涛汹涌的洋面上。这是他们为时6周、给180条北部金枪鱼带信号发射装置的任务中,度过的又一个艰难的日子。每当一条巨大的金枪鱼被捕到船上时,生物学家芭芭拉·布罗克和博士后学生海迪·迪尤尔就麻利地给鱼植上一个信号发射装置。颠簸摇摆的甲板成了她们的工作台,黄色的雨衣成了她们的“礼     

金枪鱼渔业国际市场结构成因分析及对我国的启示

金枪鱼渔业作为远洋渔业和海洋经济的重要组成部分,其发展受到各远洋渔业大国的高度重视和大力扶持。文章基于SCP分析范式,从市场结构、市场行为及市场绩效3个范畴研究金枪鱼渔业产业组织的结构特征,分析影响金枪鱼渔业市场结构的因素,探究市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效三者的关系。研究发现:金枪鱼国际生产和贸易垄断集中程度降低,市场竞争的有效性不断加强;金枪鱼的市场结构受到市场集中度、产品差别化,进入和退出壁垒的影响;金枪鱼渔业市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效之间存在相互影响关系。文章最后为我国发展金枪鱼渔业,提升国际竞争力提出了发挥渔业管理组织牵头作用,共同维护金枪鱼市场有效竞争;积极促进企业发展,提高生产研发能力,立足国际市场;创造良好国际环境,切实为金枪鱼渔业发展保驾护航等建议。     

金枪鱼国际市场竞争绩效研究分析

金枪鱼渔业作为远洋渔业和海洋经济的重要组成部分,在世界远洋渔业中占有重要的经济地位。然而,我国金枪鱼渔业起步较晚,国际竞争形势激烈,对我国金枪鱼渔业发展造成了极大阻碍。文章运用市场占有率(MS)、贸易专业化指数(TSC)等分析各个国家和地区的竞争绩效和竞争态势。结论如下:(1)金枪鱼国际生产和贸易垄断集中程度降低,竞争的有效性不断加强;(2)泰国在金枪鱼加工产品贸易上具有优势,我国生鲜或冷藏的金枪鱼贸易专业化指数趋近于-1,贸易竞争力较为薄弱;(3)印度尼西亚由于地处金枪鱼资源丰富的海域,在金枪鱼所有产品的贸易专业化程度上都具有较强的优势。     

南方蓝鳍金枪鱼渔业和生物学的研究进展

南方蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus maccoyii)是金枪鱼渔业的重要经济鱼种,历史上其全球年产量曾达到8万t水平[1]。由于长期的过度开发,近年来资源衰退严重,渔获量不断下降,各国已纷纷提出并实施一些养护措施[2~4]。目前中国正大力开发远洋金枪鱼渔业,而国内对南方蓝鳍金枪鱼的专项研究匮     

台湾的远洋金枪鱼渔业

1 生产地位 我国台湾省的金枪鱼渔业,不仅在台湾远洋渔业中成为最重要的渔业,无论产量或产值均居远洋渔业的首位,而且在世界的金枪鱼渔业中也占有重要地位(表1、2)。     

金枪鱼(Thunnus)延绳钓作业研究 ——以印度洋东部中国船队为例

报道中国水产总公司金枪鱼船队1997年5月至1999年5月期间在印度洋东部海域进行延绳钓作业的有关情况。结果显示船均月产量，以尾数计在49～175尾之间波动，最高出现于1998年9月，最低出现于1997年5月，平均116尾/船     

Managing Bluefin Tuna in the Mediterranean Sea

Atlantic Bluefin Tuna is an important but not well managed fishery in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper, management system is evaluated with information on stock status, resource rent, and total employment. The non-restrictive implementation of International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) policies is found to be the institutional reason for its management failure, while the common-property and shared stock nature of this fishery is the fundamental reason. To address these major issues, policy schemes are proposed to help sustainably manage this valuable resource in the Mediterranean Sea.     

Experimental catches and the precautionary approach: the Southern Bluefin Tuna dispute

Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) is a depleted stock with a rebuilding target and timeframe defined by the responsible management body (CCSBT). All recent stock assessments have found that the stock is depleted but large differences exist in estimates of recovery probabilities under current catches. In 1996, CCSBT adopted a set of principles and a process for considering experimental fishing, which are fundamentally consistent with an actively adaptive management policy. Substantial efforts to develop a program in line with these principles did not succeed, partially due to the lack of a decision-making framework. In 1998 and 1999, Japan conducted unilateral experimental fishing arguing that the additional substantial catches could reduce uncertainty in stock assessments and thus were justified. This led to international legal proceedings under UNCLOS, in which preliminary measures were issued preventing further unilateral experimental fishing (these were later rescinded when an UNCLOS arbitral tribunal found that it lacked jurisdiction in the dispute). This decision has been cited as a possible manifestation of industry's “worst fear with the implementation of the precautionary approach”. This paper examines the SBT dispute in relationship to adaptive management and the precautionary approach, Results of recent stock assessments indicate that the Japanese experimental fishing, even if successful, was unlikely to resolve the disparity in estimates of the recovery probabilities or provide an improved basis for management decision making. In this context, it is the absence of a management framework, rather than a fundamental problem with adaptive management, that challenges the compatibility of these experimental fishing catches and the precautionary approach. The real issue in the SBT situation is the standards and burden of proof required if experimental fishing is to be considered.     

Assessment of IUU fishing for Southern Bluefin Tuna

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is recognized as one of the largest threats to the sustainability of the world's fisheries. This paper focuses on IUU fishing in the context of unreported catches by members or co-operating non-members of regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) and their implications for scientific assessments of stock status and management advice. A review of Japanese market statistics was undertaken in 2006 by an independent panel in relation to catches of southern bluefin tuna (SBT). Based on this review, the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) concluded that very substantial and continuous unreported catches of SBT had been taken by longline vessels since at least the early 1990s. While uncertainty exists about the fleets contributing to these IUU catches, the assumption used within the CCSBT Scientific Committee is that a significant proportion of these were taken by Japanese longliners. Implications of these unreported catches for the stock assessments by RFMOs are discussed in light of the central role that Japanese vessel reported data have in the assessment of the world's tuna and billfish stocks. Results indicate that it is plausible that the unreported catches of SBT stem from the misreporting of catches as other tuna species and/or the location of fishing effort. The magnitude and extended period of the unreported SBT catches highlight the wide-spread risks of relying on fishery dependent logbook data in the absence of verification. An urgent need exists for minimum standards of verification of catch, effort and landing statistics for use in scientific assessments. The fisheries science community needs to be more pro-active in the development of such standards and the implementation of independent monitoring and verification. In addition, there is a need to reform the operation of the scientific bodies of RFMOs in terms of transparency, the treatment of uncertainty and the burden of proof if they are to be effective in providing objective scientific advice consistent with the intent of international agreements.     

金枪鱼延绳钓不同位置钓钩渔获效率的研究

本文从金枪鱼延绳钓渔具的结构及渔获效果入手 ,分析了大眼金枪鱼 (Thunnus obesus)和黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares)的垂直分布及该延绳钓渔具不同位置钓钩的渔获效率 ,据以对钓具的性能做出初步评价 ,并提出了改进的建议     

太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼及渔场表温关系研究

根据收集到的太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼捕捞产量、海水表层温度(SST)数据等,研究了太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼捕捞产量及渔场区 SST 的统计特征.结果表明:太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼渔场主要分布在较高温度的热带海域,整个太平洋渔场区平均 SST 为 26.56 ℃,中位数为27.28 ℃,高产渔区SST相对较高,其主要渔场区平均表层水温主要位于23.8 ℃～29.3 ℃.渔场区 SST 数据分布为负偏,而产量数据分布为正偏.平均CPUE分布呈双峰分布,但主要捕捞产量多数在大于25 ℃海域捕捞.时间序列分析结果显示:太平洋大眼金枪鱼CPUE呈下降趋势,SSTA自1970年代末开始增加,表明太平洋热带海域处于变暖阶段,CPUE和MEI指数与SSTA 的周期变化具有较好的一致性.     

世界南方蓝鳍金枪鱼渔业的资源状况与管理

金枪鱼类属于鲭科，为高度洄游性鱼类，遍及温带到热带的沿岸及大洋，几乎世界所有海洋都有金枪鱼类分布。国际社会大规模地开发利用金枪鱼类是第二次世界大战后[１]。由于金枪鱼渔业具有较高的经济效益，且直接关系着一个国家和地区所享有的公海权益，因而世界许多远洋渔业国家和地区都非常重视发展金枪鱼渔业。南方蓝鳍金枪鱼又称为南方黑鲔（Southernbluefintuna），学名为马苏金枪鱼（Thunnusmaccoyii），为金枪鱼类的一种，其肉质鲜美，非常适合制作高品质的生鱼片和寿司，具有很高的经济价值。由于长期的过度开发，２０世纪８０年代…