桂西—滇东南地区数字地形特征与次生富 集锰矿空间分布关系研究

文章利用AreGIS软件、数字地形分析和GIS空间分析技术,研究了桂西-滇东南地区DEM模型、数字地形特征及锰矿床矿点空间分布,揭示地形地貌特征与锰矿分布的空间关系.文章基于DEM对桂西-滇东南地区的地形因子进行提取和分析,并与锰矿床矿点的空间分布进行对比分析,推断出该地区有利于锰矿床产出分布的数字地形特征.分析结果表明,该地区锰矿分布于坡度小、起伏度小、切割微弱地带,这些地带有利于锰矿物的次生氧化富集.     

勘察设计企业知识的提取与再利用

本文分析了勘察设计企业知识管理的特点,给出了设计企业知识的分类方法和提取原则,确定了知识库管理系统的建设内容和数据存储方法,最后对工程设计中设计知识的重复利用进行了探讨。     

层次分析法在塔里木盆地北缘铀成矿预测中的应用

通过对塔里木盆地北缘铀矿成矿规律的研究,利用找矿分析成果和多元找矿信息,运用层次分析法对研究目标相关地学因素的隶属关系进行了划分,并综合专家的意见,对地学模型进行了层次分析,综合分析的步骤包括:确定研究对象及目标,确定分析所需要的数据;对数据进行分析整理,建立地学数据库;总结研究对象构成目标的相关特征,建立层次指标模型,并运用空间分析提取分析因子;由专家对因子进行综合评分,再运用GIS技术和数学方法进行综合分析,确定模型参数,建立矿床定位预测模型,并对预测单元进行成矿有利度的计算和评价.已知矿体和工程验证结果表明,该方法可较好地用于预测分析和成矿预测单元的分级评价.     

基于规则格网DEM提取山顶点的研究

以陕西黄土丘陵地区为例,通过分析山顶点的形态特征,利用GIS软件平台,采用栅格数据的空间分析,窗口计算功能以及叠置分析提取规则格网DEM的山顶点。实验结果表明,通过设置不同的邻域分析窗口和高差阈值,两者在山顶点提取中呈自相关性,为规则格网DEM提取山顶点时受尺度阈值的影响供了研究基础。     

基于多特征空间的遥感信息自动提取方法

根据目视判读的原理提出了基于多特征空间的遥感信息自动提取方法,将地物在地理空间和影像空间的多种特征空间要素分为光谱特征空间、形状特征空间、干扰特征空间和区域地学特征空间.通过对多特征空间的数学描述和计算机处理实现遥感信息的自动提取.基于多特征空间的遥感信息自动提取方法是一种对人脑判读的计算机模拟,可以提高专题信息的提取效率,是对影像空间符号化的一种尝试,如果实现了多特征空间的完全数学表示就能够实现遥感信息的自动提取.     

RS与GIS技术在地下水研究中的应用

遥感作为一种对远距离目标信息进行综合性探测的新技术,可从根本上解决地下水监测工作中控制点少、地下水信息空间分布代表性差,无法实现大面积动态监测和评价的问题.GIS以其强大的空间数据管理和分析功能,为地下水研究数据的收集、空间分析及管理决策提供了重要的技术支撑.本文以GIS技术在黑河下游地区地下水位空间变化研究中的应用为...     

基于GIS空间分析的兴山县滑坡灾害点分布特征研究

区域地质灾害点在孕灾背景条件下呈现出一定的空间分布特征,通过GIS空间数据分析的方法研究灾害点空间数据的内在规律,可以准确、直观的揭示其空间分布特征。本文以兴山县滑坡地质灾害数据为基础,通过GIS软件,采用趋势面分析法、最近邻分析法、核密度分析法三种方法,分别对兴山县滑坡灾害的数量变化趋势、空间分布模式、空间密度特征进行了分析。结果表明,GIS空间分析结果与实际情况相符,可以为地质灾害分析评价提供一定的理论依据和实际指导。     

青藏高原湖泊遥感信息提取及湖面动态变化趋势研究

青藏高原湖泊星罗棋布,是我国盐湖主要分布区.本文以RS和GIS技术为基础,从Landsat的MSS、TM、ETM三期遥感影像中,提取了青藏高原的所有湖泊信息,建立了我国盐湖空间数据库.用ArcGIS对盐湖空间数据进行统计和空间分析,从时间和空间上分析青藏高原从70年代到2000年左右湖泊湖面动态变化情况.同时,在青海和...     

面向基元的高空间分辨率矿区遥感影像土地利用分类

为了合理开发矿产资源和有效监测矿区生态环境,采用面向基元的分类方法,对广西横县某矿区的高分辨率航空遥感影像进行了土地利用分类.通过优化分形网络演化多尺度分割方法,高效提取了矿区两个尺度上的影像基元层;基于基元信息,详细分析了各地表地物光谱特征、空间特征以及类相关特征,建立了研究区土地利用的分类知识库;采用决策支持的模糊逻辑推理法进行分类,使分类的精度从53%提高到了90%.表明面向基元的方法能较好地利于高空间分辨率矿区影像的各种特征进行高精度的土地利用分类.      

京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统研究

京津唐地区水资源规划是一个影响这一地区工农业发展和人民生活的多目标、大时空跨度的复杂问题.采用系统论的观点对这一问题进行了分析,并采用原型方法建立了京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统.系统由交互式对话子系统、数据库、模型库、方法库和知识库组成.模型库中装有系统动力学和多目标优化等模型;方法库中装有密切值法和两两比较法等,用于方案的排序;知识库中存贮着用于决策支持的知识.重点介绍京津唐水资源决策支持系统的逻辑和结构.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.