改进PS提取方法在GB-InSAR中的应用

地基合成孔径雷达(GB-InSAR)可以实现对小范围目标的连续高精度监测,而永久散射体可以帮助GB-InSAR系统提供稳定可靠的监测目标。相关系数阈值法是一种传统的永久散射体提取方法,但在实际应用中存在一定的误选。为了减少误选,提高相关系数阈值法选取永久散射体的可靠性,提出一种改进的相关系数阈值法,并通过实验验证其可靠性。     

基地SAR大气校正方法分析与比较

分析稳定的高相干点的干涉相位,能够评估大气影响并进行一定的补偿。本文基于IBIS系统并利用不同的比例改正模型进行校正,通过实测项目验证了该方法的有效性,说明了不同模型的优势和不足,为不同情况下的大气改正提供参考。     

监测城市基础设施健康的星载MT-InSAR方法介绍

星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术是近年来迅猛发展的一种空间对地观测技术,在InSAR基础上提出的多时相InSAR(MT-InSAR)方法,利用同一地区的多景SAR影像对时序稳定点(PS)进行精确分析,极大地降低了大气延迟等带来的测量误差,使得形变监测精度达到了厘米级到毫米级,可对城市基础设施进行大范围高精度的连续监测。本文通过对MT-InSAR技术发展的综述,总结了目前MT-InSAR技术在基础设施健康监测方面的关键问题和应用领域,并对未来MT-InSAR在城市应用方面的发展提出了展望。     

基于MERIS数据的永久散射体处理中大气改正方法研究

分析了永久散射体PS(Permanent Scatlerers)处理中进行大气改正的必要性,介绍了大气改正的方法,指出现有方法存在的不足; 结合利用MERIS数据进行大气改正的优势,提出了基于MERIS数据的PS处理中大气改正的模型.采用青藏高原北麓河实验区ASAR数据对该模型进行验证的结果表明,该方法能够有效提高永久散射体处理中大气改正的可信性,从而使得利用相对较少的ASAR数据进行PS分析成为可能.     

InSAR滑坡监测研究进展

InSAR技术的发展及数据的丰富,使其成为了滑坡监测中的重要手段之一。本文首先从InSAR滑坡监测的数据选择开始,介绍不同数据、场景对于InSAR滑坡监测的影响;其次,对当前影响InSAR滑坡监测精度的主要因素进行分析,综述了目前主流的解决方法;然后,对当前InSAR滑坡三维形变监测的方法做了系统性的分类,总结了各自的优缺点及使用范围;最后,对目前限制InSAR滑坡监测的主要问题、可能的解决途径及未来的发展方向等问题进行了探讨。     

PSInSAR技术在地面沉降监测中的应用研究

永久散射体合成孔径雷达测量技术(PSInSAR)具有全天候、大范围、高精度监测地表形变的优点,是形变灾害监测领域一种新的经济的空间对地观测新技术。本文介绍了PSInSAR技术,并使用我国某地区的卫星SAR影像数据,运用PSInSAR技术完成了地面沉降监测的相关处理流程,并将结果与常规水准测量的结果进行了对比,证实了PSInSAR技术用于大范围地面沉降监测的有效性。     

青藏高原冻土形变监测的永久散射体方法研究

为了有效地对较大范围内青藏高原冻土形变进行研究,改进了永久散射体方法,并将其应用于青藏铁路北麓河段的冻土形变研究。通过与实测数据的对比发现,本文所计算出来的北麓河段冻土路基的形变在趋势上是正确的,说明采用永久散射体方法对高原冻土的形变进行研究是具有很大潜力的。     

地基合成孔径雷达的边坡形变监测应用研究

针对露天矿开采过程中边坡发生形变导致失稳的问题,使用地基合成孔径雷达对矿坑边坡进行形变监测.基于小基线集技术,该文提出以PS点相位相干系数的均值作为子集划分的参考指标,并提出在子集内采用粗差探测技术对PS点进行时间维解缠,有效削弱了子集内的大气延迟影响并防止了解缠误差在空间域的传递.通过首云铁矿边坡形变监测实验,结果表明:该文提出的方法能有效处理GB-SAR边坡连续监测数据,能够获取露天矿边坡PS点在监测期的时间序列形变,该方法在边坡稳定性监测方面具有实用性.     

地基干涉雷达IBIS-S桥梁动态形变监测研究

气象扰动对地基合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的测量精度影响较大,选取合适的气象改正方法关系到测量结果的精度和可靠性。分析了常用的地基合成孔径雷达气象改正模型及方法,提出了一种利用永久散射体（permanent scatterers, PS）气象改正网的全场景气象改正方法,并将该技术应用到施工期的高危边坡监测实验中。结果表明,该方法可有效削弱气象影响,提高测量精度,准确探测出高危边坡中的不稳定区域。通过与传统选点气象改正的改正结果和测量机器人测量结果的比较分析,证明该方法可有效应用于高危边坡变形监测中,在复杂环境下气象影响可控制在亚mm级。     

永久散射体雷达干涉测量技术

论述了永久散射体干涉测量(permanent scatterer interferometry, PSI)产生的背景和基本原理,并介绍了其应用实例,讨论了PSI的技术特点和今后的发展方向。     

Evaluation of RADARSAT ScanSAR synthetic aperture radar data for rice crop inventory and monitoring

Radarsat ScanSAR Narrow (SN2) data acquired on July 24 and August 17, 1997 were used to analyse the signature of rice crop in West Bengal, India. The analysis showed that the lowland practice of cultivation gives a distinct signature to rice due to the initial water background. The relatively stable backscatter from water bodies in temporal data enhanced the separability of rice fields from water using two date data. Around 94 per cent classification accuracy was achieved for rice crop using two date data. It was feasible to discriminate rice sub-classes based on their planting period like early and late crop. The analysis indicates the suitability of ScanSAR data for large area rice crop monitoring as it has a wide swath of 300 km.     

Modified range-Doppler processing for FM-CW synthetic aperture radar

The combination of compact frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM-CW) technology and high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing techniques should pave the way for the development of a lightweight, cost-effective, high-resolution, airborne imaging radar. Regarding FM-CW SAR signal processing, the motion during the transmission of a sweep and the reception of the corresponding echo were expected to be one of the major problems. In FM-CW SAR, the so-called stop-and-go approximation is no longer valid due to the relatively long sweeps that FM-CW radars transmit. The main effect of the continuous motion is a Doppler frequency shift throughout the SAR observation time. This Doppler frequency shift can be compensated for by modifying the range migration compensation.     

Investigation for planimetric accuracy of airborne synthetic aperture radar

The airborne SAR images were tested for geometric accuracy in order to assess the suitability of present airborne radar systems for topographic mapping. Images were transformed to terrain coordinate system using 2-D conformal, affine and polynomial transformations. Standard error in positional discrepancies at check points show that the geometric fidelity of present airborne SAR system is compatible with planimetric mapping requirements at 1∶50,000 and smaller scale.     

Adaptive inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging for nonuniformly moving targets

A novel adaptive inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique is proposed for targets with nonuniform motion. The proposed algorithm is referred to as the generalized range-Doppler (GRD) ISAR imaging technique and is based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). By utilizing this technique, clear ISAR imaging can be achieved for nonuniformly moving targets without involvement of complex motion compensation. Simulation results have proved that the new algorithm is robust and also computationally efficient as compared with previously reported algorithms such as joint time-frequency (JTF) imaging.     

几种卫星合成孔径雷达影像配准算法的比较研究

复数影像配准是卫星合成孔径雷达干涉数据处理中的重要步骤之一,影像配准精度将直接影响干涉条纹图的质量和由此提取的高程或位移结果的精度。文中利用上海地区ERS-1/2影像数据进行实验,对比分析了三种方法的配准质量和运算效率,试验结果表明:在配准质量方面,相干系数法最高,相位差影像平均波动函数法次之;而在信噪比较低的情况下,最大频谱法的配准质量优于相位差影像平均波动函数法。在运算效率方面,相位差影像平均波动函数法的运算效率最高。     

加速迭代硬阈值ISAR稀疏成像

加速迭代硬阈值(AIHT)作为一种压缩感知(CS)算法,具有计算复杂度低、内存占用小的特点,在较小数目的观测下,经过有限次迭代便能获得较好的重建效果。因此,本文将该算法应用到逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)稀疏成像,对该方法的具体特征和适用性进行了详细分析。仿真结果表明,在相同信噪比和回波脉冲数条件下,基于AIHT的ISAR成像方法,相比于稀疏贝叶斯算法(SBL),在重建时间上缩短了至少2个量级;相比于迭代加权最小二乘法(IRLS)和平滑l0范数算法,在重建质量上提高了约3倍。经实测数据处理结果验证,在1/4原始脉冲数条件下,该方法仍具有良好的聚焦性能和压低旁瓣效果。     

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar change detection for specific land cover types

This paper presents a supervised polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) change detection method applied to specific land cover types. For each pixel of a PolSAR image, its target scattering vector can be modeled as having a complex multivariate normal distribution. Based on this assumption, the joint distribution of two corresponding vectors in a pair of PolSAR images is derived. Then, a generalized likelihood ratio test statistic for the equality of two likelihood functions of such joint distribution is considered and a maximum likelihood distance measure for specific land cover types is presented. Subsequently, the Kittler and Illingworth minimum error threshold segmentation method is applied to extract the specific changed areas. Experiments on two repeat-pass Radarsat-2 fully polarimetric images of Suzhou, China, demonstrate that the proposed change detection method gives a good performance in determining the specific changed areas in PolSAR images, especially the areas that have changed to water.     

Advanced differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar techniques for deformation monitoring: a review on sensors and recent research development

This paper reviews the advanced differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar (A-DInSAR) techniques, with two major components in focus. First is the basic concepts, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data sources and the different algorithms documented in the literature, primarily focusing on persistent scatterers. In the second part, the techniques are compared in order to establish more linkage in terms of the variability of their applications, strength and validation of the interpreted results. Also, current issues in sensor and algorithm development are discussed. The study identified six existing A-DInSAR algorithms used for monitoring various deformation types. Generally, reports of their performance indicate that all the techniques are capable of measuring deformation phenomena at varying spatial resolution with high level of accuracy. However, their usability in suburban and vegetated areas yields poor results, compared to urbanized areas, due to inadequate permanent features that could provide sufficient coherent point targets. Meanwhile, there is continuous development in sensors and algorithms to expand the applicability domain of the technology for a wide range of deformable surfaces and displacement patterns with higher precision. On the sensor side, most of the latest SAR sensors employ longer wavelength (X and P bands) to increase the penetrating power of the signal and two other sensors (ALOS-2 PALSA-2 and SENTINEL-1) are scheduled to be launched in 2013. Researchers are investigating the possibility of using single-pass sensors with different look angles for SAR data collection. With these, it is expected that more data will be available for various applications. Algorithms such as corner reflector interferometry SAR, along track interferometry, liqui-InSAR, and squeeSAR are emerging to increase reliable estimation of deformation from different surfaces.