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1.
利用东北地区232站夏季(6~8月)逐日降水资料,分析了近45年(1961-2005年)东北地区暴雨的变化特征。结果表明,东北地区暴雨主要发生在辽宁东部地区,东北地区年平均大暴雨日数分布形态与暴雨日数基本一致。EOF分析表明,东北地区暴雨量大部分区域基本呈一致的变化,第二模态反映出东北地区暴雨量呈西北-东南的反向变化。暴雨主要分为4个分布形态:东北中部型、东北南部型、东北西北部型、东北东部型。东北大部分地区暴雨强度除黑龙江北部地区外均呈弱上升趋势(均没有通过0.05显著性水平检验),在东北西北部地区暴雨强度上升趋势最为显著,为0.19 mm.(d.(10a)-1)-1;东北中部、东北南部、东北西北部在1990年代之后表现出暴雨强度增强的趋势。东北地区暴雨初日整体提前,而暴雨终日除东北中部地区延后外,其他地区均有所提前。在1987年之后东北地区暴雨发生的频率明显多于前期,其中东北西北部这种变化最为明显,其次是东北南部,东北东部变化最弱。 相似文献
2.
中国东部季风区春季气候的变暖特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用中国东部375个测站1961—2006年地面气温资料,采用线性趋势分析、EOF、REOF、Mann-Kendall、小波分析等方法,分析了季风区春季的气候变暖特征。结果表明:季风区春季增温显著,近46 a增温率为0.25℃/(10 a)。从1989年开始增温,1996年有一次显著突变。以38°N为界,气温变化的稳定性是南部高于北部。增温率从南向北增大,增温不显著的区域主要在长江以南;根据EOF分析,该区春季气温异常可分为全区一致型、江南江北相反型、中原型3种常见分布模态。根据REOF又进一步将该区春季气温异常细分为中部、南部、北部3个区。全区性的前10个偏暖年,全部出现在1990年代以后。气温异常变化存在准4年和22年的周期,气温的转折北部比中、南部早,但北部从1990年代末期开始转为下降;北部区和中部区分别在1981、1997年发生了突变,南部突变不明显;蒙古高压是影响春季气温的主要大气活动中心,高压强度从1980年代后期以来有明显减弱趋势,造成入侵东部的偏北冷空气减弱,是春季气候变暖的可能机理。 相似文献
3.
《贵州气象》2015,(6)
利用黔东南1981—2012年16个县市的干旱受灾数据,通过主成分分析和旋转主成分分析方法对黔东南农业气象干旱进行分析。结果表明:黔东南农业气象干旱在空间上表现为较高的整体一致性,州中西部与其余地区,州南部与州北部具有反向变化的特征。32 a来,黔东南干旱总体呈加重趋势,其中2010—2011年发生了极端干旱事件,中西部与其余地区因干旱导致的受灾强度反向变化特征呈微弱下降的趋势,而南北反位相变化特征越发突出。黔东南农业气候干旱可以划分为3个明显的相关区域,分别为黔东南西北部、东北部以及中南部,州东北部及中南部总体而言干旱呈加重的趋势,而州西北部干旱呈缓解趋势,其中干旱年际变率最大的是中南部。 相似文献
4.
基于CI指数的淮河流域干旱时空特征研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文运用淮河流域170个气象台站1961—2010年共50年逐日气温、降水资料以及历史干旱灾情资料,研究CI指数在淮河流域的区域适应性,并以此为基础运用多种统计方法分析淮河流域近50年的干旱时空特征。结果表明:基于CI指数计算得到的历年干旱日数与受灾面积和成灾面积的相关性通过了0.01的显著性水平检验,表明CI指数在淮河流域具有较好的区域适应性。淮河流域年均干旱日数基本呈纬向空间分布,流域北部多于南部;流域东部和西部的干旱日数略有增多趋势,而中部和北部的干旱日数有减少趋势,但均未通过0.05的显著性水平检验;EOF前3个模态累积方差贡献达94.4%,前3个分布型依次为全流域干旱日数一致多或少型、南北相反型以及东西相反型;1961年以来干旱日数共经历了由少到多4个循环交替,目前正处于相对偏少期;M K突变检验表明近50年来淮河流域干旱日数没有明显的突变。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原感热与黄土高原春季降水异常关系研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
利用1961~2000年黄土高原56站的春季降水、气温资料,用SVD方法分析了其与青藏高原感热场的关系。结果表明,降水量与青藏高原感热场的前两模态代表了两场间的主要耦合特征;上年冬季和秋季青藏高原感热场的异常通过影响大气环流,能够导致次年黄土高原春季降水异常;青藏高原感热对黄土高原西部和南部、北部的部分地区影响较显著,而对陕西北部、山西中部影响不明显。前期高原感热场SVD第一、二模态的变化,可以作为黄土高原春季降水异常的预测信号。 相似文献
6.
1960-2011年洞庭湖区年降水量变化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以洞庭湖区24个气象站1960-2011年的降水量资料为基础数据,利用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验法、小波分析等方法分析了洞庭湖区年降水量的变化特征,并采用正交分解函数EOF、旋转正交分解函数REOF计算了洞庭湖区年尺度的标准化降水指数(SPI),分析了洞庭湖区的旱涝时空分布特征。结果表明:洞庭湖区年降水量空间上由北向南逐渐增加,时间上没有显著变化趋势。1963年洞庭湖年降水量发生突变。洞庭湖区年降水量存在6a、9a和16-17a振荡周期。洞庭湖区旱涝频繁,极端气候事件有增加的趋势。洞庭湖区年降水量在空间上具有较好的一致性,为普遍干旱或洪涝,但也存在南北反相变化即南部干旱北部洪涝或南部洪涝北部干旱的特点。洞庭湖区年降水量存在南部、西北部和中部3个异常气候区。 相似文献
7.
本文利用多种地面精细观测资料,统计分析得到近55a宁夏春季干旱的精细化空间分布和多时间尺度变化特征。结果表明:在采用了更为精细的观测资料后,宁夏春季干旱的分布显得更为不均,呈中部多发南北少发的分布特征而干旱平均强度却呈中部弱南北强的分布特征;最大春季干旱强度分布呈明显的多极性分布。在宁夏5地市中,吴忠市、银川市、中卫市3市较易发生干旱。宁夏春季干旱发生次数基本呈逐年增加的趋势,但平均强度呈逐年减弱的趋势;年代际发生次数的增加趋势更加明显;在20世纪80年代前后存在1次突变。春季干旱强度具有较为稳定的气候态,3、5月易出现大范围轻旱以上的干旱过程;3月上旬、5月上旬、5月下旬较易出现重旱级别的干旱过程。500hPa大陆高压脊与大气环流的变化是造成西北地区春季干旱强弱分布的主要原因之一。 相似文献
8.
根据新修订的《气象干旱等级》(GB/T 20481—2017)国家标准,计算了内蒙古82个气象站1962—2017年4月至10月逐日气象干旱综合指数(MCI),利用相关性分析、M-K检验、EOF分解、Morlet小波等方法,分析了内蒙古不同区域干旱强度时空分布及变化特征,为开展基于MCI的气象干旱监测业务提供科学依据。结果表明:内蒙古地区MCI的监测结果与农业旱灾综合减产成数(C指标)具有较高的相关性。内蒙古春季干旱强度普遍较重,夏季干旱强度受地形影响明显,阴山以北、贺兰山以西干旱强度较重,秋季干旱强度相对较轻。从干旱的年际变化来看,春季干旱强度有减弱趋势,秋季有增强趋势,夏季干旱强度与年平均干旱强度无明显变化。EOF分析的前三个主要模态为全区一致、东西部相反和中部与东西部相反,其贡献率分别为55.2%、8.2%和5.0%。春季和夏季干旱强度的主要变化周期为3~4 a和6~7 a,秋季除短周期外还存在17~19 a的长周期,各季节在1995—2005年间还存在显著的1~2 a短周期变化,说明该时期内蒙古地区年际间的旱涝变化剧烈。 相似文献
9.
近54年柳州干旱的时空特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《气象研究与应用》2015,(3)
基于1961-2014年逐日降水资料,用降水量距平百分率作为划分干旱的指标,对柳州各季节干旱的时空特征进行了分析,结果为:(1)春季柳州干旱频数的空间分布特征是北部和东部多、其他地区少,夏季西多东少,秋季东北部最多、其他地区接近,冬季西南部多、东北部少、其他地区居中。柳州北部的干旱事件以轻旱、中旱为主,重旱、特旱事件主要发生在在中部和南部地区。(2)从春季到冬季,柳州的干旱发生严重程度有随时间递增的趋势,全市性的中旱、重旱、特旱事件主要发生在秋季和冬季,春季、夏季干旱事件全部为轻旱。(3)近54年柳州全市性干旱总频数的年代际变化呈单峰型,1980年代为波峰,1960年代和2010年代波谷。各季节干旱频数的年代际变化趋势是:春季和秋季1980年代以前干旱发生较多,1990年代以后干旱发生较少,夏季和冬季1980年代以前干旱发生较少,1990年代以后干旱发生较多。 相似文献
10.
近30年黄土高原春季降水特征与春旱变化的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《高原气象》2017,(2)
利用1980—2014年黄土高原52个气象台站观测的降水资料,计算得到了标准化降水指数(SPI),进而比较了黄土高原不同地区近35年春季干旱的时空变化特征。研究发现:春季SPI与春季降水的时间变化较为一致,二者都能反映出1995年,2000年和2001年的三次较严重的春旱,且二者在1980—2014年间均呈线性减少的趋势。同时,黄土高原春季降水与春季SPI的空间分布却存在一定差别,这主要是因为春季降水的概率密度分布特征在不同站点存在差异。黄土高原北部,一次春季降水量少的发生概率较大,而在高原南部,较大降水概率则对应较多的降水量值。所以,对于黄土高原整体而言,当各区域春季降水偏少,且降水量值相等时,高原南部的春旱更严重;但当各地区春季降水异常量相等时,则在高原北部春旱等级较高。因此,未来黄土高原的春旱不仅受降水量控制,还与春季降水概率密度的分布特征关系密切。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
16.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
17.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings
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正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献