宁波市负氧离子浓度分布与预测模型及其在旅游气象中的应用

利用2010-2011年宁波地区空气负氧离子浓度资料,分析其分布特征及与气象因素的相关性,采用逐步回归方法建立负氧离子浓度预测模型。结果表明：负氧离子浓度有市中心附近低、郊区高的地域分布特征;夜晚到清晨高、白天低,夏季高、冬季低的变化规律。据此可选择在早晨或傍晚空气负氧离子含量高的时候多到远郊污染少、植被茂密、有动态水流的地区旅游,避开冬季空气污染大的雾霾日。空气负氧离子浓度与气温、PM₁₀呈负相关,与相对湿度、雷雨、闪电等正相关,可选择在雷阵雨过后的晴朗天气出行旅游。负氧离子预测模型预报能力较好,预测模型的建立实现了宁波地区空气负氧离子浓度的定量化预报,对旅游气象服务有重要意义。     

峨眉山景区负氧离子浓度变化特征及预测模型研究

基于2015年9月至2016年8月峨眉山景区的负氧离子浓度和空气质量指数(Air Quality Index,AQI)的监测资料及气温、相对湿度及降水量的观测资料,分析了峨眉山景区负氧离子浓度的季节变化特征及其与相关气象要素的关系,并建立了适用于峨眉山景区的负氧离子浓度预测模型。结果表明:2015年9月至2016年8月峨眉山景区负氧离子浓度达到森林空气负离子二级标准,且具有明显的季节变化特征,秋季负氧离子浓度最高,春和夏季次之,冬季负氧离子浓度最低。AQI、气温和降水量是影响峨眉山景区负氧离子浓度的关键气象因素,秋季温度适宜、降雨充沛、空气湿润及植物生物量大等为负氧离子浓度较高的原因,冬季混交林落叶树木的落叶和植物生物量降低、降雨较少及空气干燥等为负氧离子浓度较低的原因。运用S模型建立的峨眉山景区负氧离子浓度的预测模型为:y=exp(1.4552/x+7.5988),模型预测效果较好;插值逼近的负氧离子浓度三维预测模型的决定系数为1,模型拟合效果较好,可以清晰地反映峨眉山景区负氧离子浓度与解释参数之间的规律。建立的峨眉山景区负氧离子浓度S预测模型可以预报负氧离子浓度,负氧离子浓度三维预测模型可以用于负氧离子浓度分析预报系统的设置,更适用于峨眉山景区负氧离子浓度的预测。     

承德北部空气负氧离子浓度特征及预报模型

为提升生态康养气象服务能力,探讨空气负氧离子浓度与气象环境关系,利用承德北部丰宁县2020年—2022年5月两个空气负氧离子站监测资料,以及同期的气象环境数据,统计分析了负氧离子浓度时间变化特征、与气象环境要素的变化关系及关键影响因素,建立了负氧离子浓度的气象预测模型。结果表明:丰宁城市公园、林区负氧离子浓度年均值分别为1358.7个/cm3、1955.8个/cm3,最大值分别为3867个/cm3、5845个/cm3,具有治疗和康复功效的自然环境条件;林区的负氧离子浓度明显高于城市公园,城市公园和林区负氧离子浓度月变化均呈“单峰”型分布,峰值分别出现在7月、8月,最小值均出现在1月;林区、城市公园负氧离子浓度日变化夜间大于白天,年内及春夏秋冬四季内的日变化呈“双峰”型分布,峰值分别出现在日出以前及日落以后,最小值出现在午后;城市公园、林区负氧离子浓度与气温、降水量、相对湿度、风速、日照及PM2.5、O3浓度的变化有关,影响负氧离子浓度的最关键的气象、环境要素为相对湿度、PM2.5,城市公园受气象、环境影响更大;利用多元回归方法,分别建立了城市公园和林区的负氧离子浓度气象预报模型,经检验,两个模型的预报准确率分别为77.6%、74.9%,拟合效果良好,可为森林康养及健康生活提供气象服务。     

杭州市空气负离子变化特征分析

利用2008—2010年杭州西溪湿地和馒头山空气负离子观测资料,分析了杭州市空气负离子的季、月和日变化特征,以及空气负离子与气象环境因子的相关关系。结果表明,湿地负离子浓度要好于市区;杭州市空气负离子浓度冬季最大,夏季最小;一日中早晨空气负离子浓度最高,15时左右最低;夜间高于白天。空气负离子浓度与温度、日照时数和空气污染物呈负相关,与相对湿度、风速、云量和降雨量呈正相关。     

赤水市大气负氧离子的时空特征及与气象因子的关系

利用2016年5月—2017年4月赤水市境内复兴驿站、古迹驿站及相邻县市内共6个大气负氧离子自动观测点和气象站的观测资料,分析了赤水市大气负氧离子浓度的时空变化特征及其与气象因子的关系。参照世界卫生组织制定的空气负氧离子等级标准,区划赤水市空气负氧离子的等级。结果表明:(1)赤水市日均大气负氧离子浓度5 056个/m3,高于临近县市的负氧离子浓度,白天略高于夜间,远超过负氧离子含量的一级标准;(2)年均大气负氧离子浓度为5 125个/m3,各季节浓度相差不大;(3)赤水市大气负氧离子浓度空间分布规律为复兴站古迹站,景区大于街道;与邻近县市比较,植被覆盖率大的区域大气负氧离子浓度高于植被覆盖率小的区域;(4)不同天气条件下大气负氧离子与气象因子的相关性不同。在雨日,大气负氧离子与气温、气压、水汽压相关;无雨日,大气负氧离子与日照相关;同时,白天雨相对于大气负氧离子浓度的增加较夜雨更为明显。     

汉中负氧离子浓度分布特征及预测

利用汉中市宁强千山和略阳象山2018—2021年的负氧离子观测资料和同期的地面气象观测资料,分析了两地的负氧离子浓度分布特征,采用机器学习方法建立了负氧离子浓度预测模型。结果表明：汉中宁强千山和略阳象山的负氧离子浓度逐年增高,两地负氧离子浓度的季节和月份变化趋势基本一致。夏季的负氧离子浓度最高,冬季最低;8月最高,1月最低;日变化呈单峰趋势。温度和相对湿度与负氧离子浓度变化有密切关系。利用2022年1—6月资料对预测模型进行验证,宁强千山、略阳象山空气清新度等级预测准确率达到762%、732%,预报效果较好,可应用于两地的空气清新度预报业务。     

赤水市大气负氧离子的时空特征及其与气象因子的关系

利用2016年5月—2017年4月赤水市境内复兴驿站、古迹驿站及相邻县市内共6个大气负氧离子自动观测点和气象站的观测资料,分析了赤水市大气负氧离子浓度的时空变化特征及其与气象因子的关系。参照世界卫生组织制定的空气负氧离子等级标准,区划赤水市空气负氧离子的等级。结果表明:(1)赤水市日均大气负氧离子浓度5 056个/m3,高于临近县市的负氧离子浓度,白天略高于夜间,远超过负氧离子含量的一级标准;(2)年均大气负氧离子浓度为5 125个/m3,各季节浓度相差不大;(3)赤水市大气负氧离子浓度空间分布规律为复兴站古迹站,景区大于街道;与邻近县市比较,植被覆盖率大的区域大气负氧离子浓度高于植被覆盖率小的区域;(4)不同天气条件下大气负氧离子与气象因子的相关性不同。在雨日,大气负氧离子与气温、气压、水汽压相关;无雨日,大气负氧离子与日照相关;同时,白天雨相对于大气负氧离子浓度的增加较夜雨更为明显。     

雷雨天气对负氧离子浓度的影响

空气负氧离子含量已经成为康养、生态旅游区域评价的主要指标之一,沿海区域的空气负氧离子含量较高,受雷雨等天气因子的影响显著.本文利用日照大沙洼国家森林公园空气负氧离子逐日监测数据、闪电定位仪监测数据和自动气象站雨量、雨强监测资料,分析检验雷雨天气相关气象因子与空气负氧离子浓度变化率的关系.结果 表明:①雷雨天气与负氧离子...     

湖北春季大气负氧离子浓度分布特征及与环境因子的关系

空气负氧离子浓度是衡量空气质量好坏的重要指标。选择湖北17个环境一致的国家气象观测站作为观测地点,采用符合国家及行业标准的设备,遵循负氧离子定义,开展了2014年湖北春季负氧离子浓度分布特征及与环境因子的关系分析。研究表明：湖北大气负氧离子浓度西部高于中东部,神农架林区的平均值最高,以武汉为中心的中、东部地区浓度普遍较低。负氧离子浓度的日变化为凌晨及清晨高,白天较低,傍晚后呈逐渐上升的趋势。负氧离子浓度与海拔、植被覆盖情况表现为正相关,与空气中的小颗粒物呈负相关,与气温、气压、相对湿度、风速及日照等气象要素相关性较为复杂,降水和雷电天气有利于负氧离子浓度的增加。     

江西大岗山负离子浓度与气象因子之间的响应关系

利用江西大岗山森林生态地面标准气象观测场内2019年度空气负离子和气象监测数据,分析了负离子浓度与气象因子之间的响应关系.结果表明:1)该地区年均负离子浓度1411.5个/cm3.夏季负离子浓度和温度呈负相关、和湿度呈正相关,在其余季节负离子浓度和温度呈正相关、与湿度呈负相关.2)无雨天与日降雨量少于50 mm的雨天,负离子浓度与温度呈负相关,与湿度呈正相关;暴雨天负离子浓度与温度呈正相关,与湿度呈较弱的负相关.3)不同季节,温度、湿度的大幅变化常伴随着负离子浓度的大幅变化,而温度、湿度变化较小时,负离子浓度的变化幅度也较小,说明温度、湿度的变化对负离子浓度的影响很大.4)暴雨过程中,负离子浓度随降水量的增加(减少)而增大(减小);暴雨发生时,负离子浓度急剧增大.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.