Carbon budget of bastard halibut<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> in relation to body weight and temperature

The effects of body weight and temperature on the carbon budget of the juvenile bastard halibut ,Paralichthys olivaceus ,were studied at temperature 13.5,18,21.5 and 24℃,respectively.The carbon intake,faecal and growth carbon were measured ,and the carbon respiration was calculated using the carbon budget equation (Cc=Gc Fc Rc),The combined relationship between different components of the carbon budgent,body weight and temperature could be described by regression equations:Cc=1.0206 W^0.8126E^0.1483T;Gc=0.0042w^1.4096(-5.11 T^3 285.90T^2-5173.72T 30314.03);Fc=0.0485W^0.7711e^0.1624T;Uc=1.4333W^0.6715e^0.1487t,Body weight had no significant effect on the carbon absorption efficiency and the conversion efficiency.     

Effects of Body Weight and Water Temperature on Maximum Food Consumption of JuvenileSebastodes fuscescens (Houttuyn)

1　INTRODUCTIONTherateoffoodconsumptionoffishfedadlibitumisregardedasthemaximumrateoffoodconsumption(Cmax) (Woottonetal.,1 980 ) .SeveralfactorsthatinfluenceCmaxincludingbodyweight (Liuetal.,1 998) ,watertemperature (Liuetal.,1 998) ,dis solvedoxygen (Vivekanandan ,1 977) ,salinity (ZanuyandCarrillo ,1 985 ) ,andphotoperiod (Grossetal.,1 965 ) ,werereported .Bodysizeandwatertemperaturewereregardedastwoofthemostimportantfactors,andhadreceivedmostattention (Elliott,1 979;Woottonetal.,1 …     

体重和温度对马氏珠母贝耗氧率和排氨率的影响

采用室内实验生态学方法对马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。结果表明:在温度13～33℃范围内,马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率均与体重呈负相关,可用Y=aW表示;在13～28℃温度范围内,马氏珠母贝-b的耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达最大值,温度升高至33℃时,耗氧率反而下降,而排氨率在此温度范围内则呈持续升高趋势;在13～28℃温度范围内,马氏珠母贝呼吸和排泄Q10值分别为1.51～2.71和1.03～2.73,且在该温度范围内,马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值范围为7.29～13.14。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对马氏珠母贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。马氏珠母贝的日常代谢高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高40.8%和59.1%。     

Distribution and expression in vitro and in vivo of DNA vaccine against lymphocystis disease virus in Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

Lymphocystis disease,caused by the lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV),is a significant worldwide problem in fish industry causing substantial economic losses.In this study,we aimed to develop the DNA vaccine against LCDV,using DNA vaccination technology.We evaluated plasmid pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3 kb as a DNA vaccine candidate.The plasmid DNA was transiently expressed after liposome transfection into the eukaryotic COS 7 cell line.The distribution and expression of the DNA vaccine (pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3kb) were also ana...     

MiR-430 Can Affect the Mesoderm Formation and Metamorphosis of Paralichthys olivaceus by Targeting lefty Gene

MiR-430 is a non-coding small RNA that participates in early embryonic development by acting on the Nodal signaling pathway.Its functions in Paralichthys olivaceus(P.olivaceus),however,remain unclear.In this study,through biological information technology,we hypothesized lefty was the target gene of miR-430.Lefty is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily,and is involved in regulating left-right patterning as an antagonist of the Nodal signaling pathway.To study the relationship between miR-430 and lefty gene,miR-430 and fluorescent expression vector were transfected into embryo cells.Our results showed that miR-430 has important effects on early embryonic development.It can inhibit the expressions of lefty and other genes related to Nodal signaling pathway.Additionally,the expression of miR-430 was involved in the metamorphosis of P.olivaceus.This study clarifies the function of miR-430 in P.olivaceus,which will be helpful for further research on the interactions between miR-430 and the Nodal signaling pathway.     

温度、盐度、pH和体质量对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼窒息点的影响

利用实验生态学的方法研究不同温度(15、20、25、30和35℃)、盐度(0、5、10、15和20)、pH(5、6、7、8和9)和体质量(1.93±0.08、3.43±0.12、7.95±0.34、11.74±0.41和15.84±0.61 g)对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼窒息点的影响,并建立温度、盐度、pH、体质量与罗非鱼窒息点间的回归方程。结果表明:温度t、盐度S、pH和体质量m对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼窒息点有显著影响(P<0.05)。当温度、盐度、pH和体质量分别为25.28℃、3.6、8.06、6.3 g时,窒息点(DAP)最低,回归方程为DAP=0.000 9 t 2-0.045 5 t+0.726 6(R2=0.952 1),DAP=-0.000 1 S 3+0.004 2 S 2-0.023 9 S+0.111 9(R2=0.922 8),DAP=0.009 3 pH2-0.149 9 pH+0.7174(R2=0.976 8);DAP=-0.000 3 m3+0.011 1 m2-0.104 3 m+0.362 8(R2=0.948 4)。在溶氧不足情况下,温度25.28℃、盐度3.6、pH 8.06的环境条件有助于提高幼鱼耐低氧能力。     

尼罗罗非鱼体重与体维可量性状之间的关系

以尼罗罗非鱼为研究对象,通过测量和回归分析,研究体重与体维可量性状之间的相关关系。结果表明:体重与体长、身长、全长、体高、体厚等形态特征性状的相关性均高于0.85,呈较高的正相关关系;多元回归方程lnW=a+b1lnLS+b2lnDB和lnW=a+b1lnLC+b2lnDB对于全体数据的拟合度分别为0.958和0.955,拟合度较高,且在实际检验中效果较好,超过88%的个体误差范围在5.0%之内,可有效反映出不同体维性状对鱼类体重的影响。     

饲料中添加L-肉碱对牙鲆幼鱼生长、生化组成及血液指标的影响

研究0、300、600、900、1 200、1 500 mg/kg 6个L-肉碱添加水平对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼生长、生化组成和血液指标的影响。结果表明:添加量为1 200 mg/kg的处理组牙鲆幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著提高,饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);随着饲料中L-肉碱含量的增加,肝指数呈现下降趋势,且在添加量为900~1 500 mg/kg时,各组较对照组差异显著(P<0.05);饲料中添加L-肉碱显著降低各实验组脏体比(P<0.05),而对各处理组间存活率和肥满度均无影响(P<0.05);肌肉和肝脏中的脂肪含量与L-肉碱添加量呈负相关,当添加量为1 200~1 500 mg/kg时,较对照组差异显著(P<0.05);肌肉中的蛋白含量与L-肉碱添加量呈正相关,但各组差异不显著(P<0.05);饲料中添加L-肉碱降低血清中的谷草转氨酶、胆固醇、甘油三酯和尿素氮含量,且添加量1 200 mg/kg组各指标含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各处理组的血糖含量较对照组均有所增加,其中1 200 mg/kg组血糖含量较对照组提高41.6%(P<0.05);血清中总蛋白和低密度脂蛋白均随着L-肉碱添加量的增加而呈下降趋势,高密度脂蛋白却得以提升,但差异均不显著(P<0.05)。分析认为,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加L-肉碱可促进牙鲆幼鱼生长,且降脂效果显著。建议L-肉碱最适添加量为1 200 mg/kg。     

Characterization,tissue distribution,and expression of neuropeptide Y in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Neuropeptide Y(NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide of the neuropeptide Y family that plays key roles in the regulation of food intake. In this study,we focused on NPY m RNA expression changes around feeding time and during food deprivation in olive flounder. The olive flounder NPY m RNA levels were analyzed in different tissues and a high level of expression was detected in the brain. We also demonstrated a correlation between NPY expression levels in the brain and feeding schedule. NPY expression levels in olive flounder maintained on a daily scheduled feeding regimen increased shortly before feeding and decreased after the scheduled feeding time. Compared with the-1 h group before feeding,NPY expression in the 3 h group after feeding decreased significantly( P <0.05). Food deprivation led to an 81.7% decrease in NPY m RNA levels in the 24 h fasted group(P <0.05) and a 91.7% decrease in the 48 h fasted group(P <0.05). Therefore,our study demonstrates that NPY expression is associated with food intake in olive flounder. This result reveals the function of NPY in regulating food intake and its potential importance in olive flounder aquaculture.     

南阳黄牛体重曲线拟合的比较分析

根据河南省南阳市黄牛良种繁育场的生产记录,利用Brody、Von Bertallanffy、Gompertz和Logistic 4种生长模型,对南阳黄牛母牛体重生长发育过程进行拟合比较分析。结果表明:VonBertallanffy模型拟合效果较佳,拟合度为0.9800,南阳母牛体重的适宜曲线方程为Y=383.97×(1-0.5484×e-0.1128t)3;南阳母牛的生长拐点月龄为4.41月,拐点体重为113.77kg,成熟体重为383.97kg,与其它牛品种生长发育特征比较,南阳母牛较早熟,成熟体重偏小。     

The effects of temperature and substrate on ontogenetic behavior of bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (T. et S.)

1 INTRODUCTION Scientific management of aquacultural andnatural populations studies on the early life historyof flatfishes in the aspects of their metamorphosisand benthic settlement accompanying pronouncedtransitions in morphology, behavior and habitatecology have received much attention (Youson,1988). Accumulated data showed that temperatureand substrate played a main role in the recruitmentsuccess of flatfish during their early development(Rijnsdorp et al., 1995, Gibson and Robb, 2000…     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Energy Budget of the Polychaete,Neanthesjaponica Izuka

Growth and energy budget of the polychaete, Neanthesjaponica, at various temperatures （17, 20, 23, 26 and 29℃） were investigated in this study. The growth, as indicated by final dry weight and specific growth rate （SGR）, increased with increasing temperature, with the maximum level at 26℃, and then decreased significantly at 29℃. A similar trend was observed in feeding rate, food conversion efficiency （FCE） and apparent digestive rate （ADR）. However, no significant differences were detected in ADR among all the temperature treatments. In the pattern of energy allocation, faeces energy was only a small component of energy budget and had little influence on the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. The metabolic energy accounted for a large portion of energy intake for each temperature treatment. The nitrogen excretion was appreciable with changing temperature. The two expenditure terms （respiration energy and excretion energy） in energy budget were the major factors influencing the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. These results revealed that temperature affected the growth of N. japonica mainly by influencing feeding rate and FCE. In addition, regression equations describing the relationship between feeding rate, faecal production, SGR, FCE and temperature were obtained. The optimum temperatures for feeding rate, FCE and SGR were estimated at 25.01 ℃, 24.24℃ and 24.73 ℃, respectively, from the regression equations.     

温度和体质量对光裸星虫排氨率和耗氧率的影响

采用实验生态学方法,比较了温度和体质量对光裸星虫排氨率和耗氧率的影响,按光裸星虫湿体质量设立了大规格(L组)、中规格(M组)和小规格(S组)3组,设立10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃共5个温度梯度。结果表明:(1)在15℃～25℃,3种规格的星虫的耗氧率都随温度的升高而增加,当温度升至30℃时,S组的耗氧率继续随温度的升高而增加,而L组和M组的耗氧率则出现下降的趋势。在相同温度条件下(10℃除外),3种规格的星虫耗氧率比较为:S组>L组>M组,在10℃条件下各组间的耗氧率无显著性差异(p>0.05),在温度15℃～30℃各组间的耗氧率存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。(2)在温度10℃～30℃,三种规格的星虫的排氨率都随着温度的升高而增加。在相同的温度条件下,3种规格的星虫排氨率比较为:S组>L组>M组,在10℃条件下,各组间的排氨率无显著性差异(p>0.05),在15℃～30℃时,各组间的排氨率存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。(3)方差分析结果表明,温度,体质量以及相互作用均对耗氧率和排氨率存在显著性影响(p<0.05)。     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Energy Budget of the Polychaete,Neanthes japonica Izuka

Growth and energy budget of the polychaete, Neanthesjaponica, at various temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 ℃) were investigated in this study. The growth, as indicated by final dry weight and specific growth rate (SGR), increased with increasing temperature, with the maximum level at 26℃, and then decreased significantly at 29℃. A similar trend was observed in feeding rate, food conversion efficiency (FCE) and apparent digestive rate (ADR). However, no significant differences were detected in ADR among all the temperature treatments. In the pattern of energy allocation, faeces energy was only a small component of energy budget and had little influence on the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. The metabolic energy accounted for a large portion of energy intake for each temperature treatment. The nitrogen excretion was appreciable with changing temperature. The two expendi-ture terms (respiration energy and excretion energy) in energy budget were the major factors influencing the proportion of food en-ergy allocated to growth. These results revealed that temperature affected the growth of N. japonica mainly by influencing feeding rate and FCE. In addition, regression equations describing the relationship between feeding rate, faecal production, SGR, FCE and temperature were obtained. The optimum temperatures for feeding rate, FCE and SGR were estimated at 25.01 ℃, 24.24℃ and 24.73 ℃, respectively, from the regression equations.     

Screening of eye-position related genes with DD-RT-PCR and RDA in the hybrids between Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus

Flatfish or flounder moves one eye to change body proportion into vertebral asymmetry during metamorphosis, during which some become sinistral while others dextral. However, the mechanism behinds the eye-position has not been well understood. In this research, hybrids between Japanese flounder(♀) and stone flounder (♂) show mixed eye-location in both dextral type and sinistral type, and thus become good samples for studying the eye-migration. mRNAs from pro-metamorphosis sinistral and dextral hybrids larvae...     

Effects of dietary soybean stachyose and phytic acid on gene expressions of serine proteases in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Soybean stachyose (SBS) and phytic acid (PA) are anti-nutritional factors (ANF) which have deleterious effects on the growth and digestibility in fish. The present research studied the effects of dietary SBS and PA on the expression of three serine protease genes in the liver of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). These genes are trypsinogen 1 (poTRY), elastase 1 (poEL) and chymotrypsinogen 1 (poCTRY). Eight artificial diets with graded levels of supplemented ANFs were formulated to 4 levels of SBS ...     

Genetic variation of natural and cultured stocks of Paralichthys olivaceus by allozyme and RAPD

Population genetics of the left-eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, including natural and cultured stocks distributed in the coastal waters near Qingdao of eastern maritime China, was analyzed in allozyme and RAPD. The results showed that among total 29 gene loci of 15 isozymes, 9 and 7 were po- lymorphic in natural and cultured stocks, respectively. The status of genetic diversity in P. olivaceus is low in terms of polymorphic loci in chi-square test and genetic departure index of Hardy-Weinberg equi- librium. More alleles in IDHP, CAT, GDH and Ldh-C allozymes were found in the fish, which could be used as markers in assortive breeding and distinguishing stock, population or species evolution. Total 88 and 86 RAPD bands ranging from 200 to 2 500 bp were recognized individually in average of 7.8–8.0 bands per primer. The genetic diversity in cultured stock is lower than that in natural ones showing an ob- viously decreasing genetic divergence. Therefore, effective countermeasures must be taken to protect ge- netic resources of marine cultured fishes. The 2 markers have their own pros and cons. Combining the 2 markers to investigate the genetic variation of populations is suggested. The results provide basic data of this flounder and they are useful for studying genetic improvement and genetic resources of the fish.     

北部湾野生长毛明对虾(Fenneropenaeus penicillatus)体重和形态性状的关系

测量北部湾86尾野生长毛明对虾体长、头胸甲长、胸高、胸宽、第一腹节宽、第一腹节高、第三腹节高、额剑上刺数、额剑下刺数和体重等10个性状,采用逐步回归法分析9个性状和体重的关系。结果表明:体长、头胸甲长、胸高、第一腹节宽、第三腹节高和额剑下刺数6个性状与体重的相关系数达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),在单独的决定系数中:头胸甲长对体重的决定系数(14.44%)最大,共同决定系数中,体长与头胸甲长最大为21.13%。通过分析,建立长毛明对虾的体长、头胸甲长、胸高、第一腹节宽、第三腹节高、额剑下刺数对体重的最优理想回归方程,为长毛明对虾选育种和保种提供理想的测度指标。